Tayshet is a city in Russia, the administrative center of the Tayshet district of the Irkutsk region. Population - 32 671 people. (2020). The city is located in the western part of the Irkutsk region, 680 km from the regional center - Irkutsk and 320 km from the center of the neighboring region - Krasnoyarsk. The area of the city is 7572 hectares. Large railway junction.
Taishet arose in 1897 in connection with the
construction of the Trans-Siberian railway as a small station
village Taishet. The village got its name from its location on the
Taishetka River (the right tributary of the Biryusa). The name of
the river, in turn, comes from the Kottian language, which is close
to modern Ket: tha - "cold", shet - "river".
In 1903, a
locomotive depot was built in Taishet. In 1906, Taishet became a
village in the Alzamay volost.
Since 1910 - the center of the
Taishet volost of the Kansk district of the Krasnoyarsk district of
the Yenisei province.
In 1937 it received the status of a
working village, the status of a city - on March 2, 1938. In the
period 1930-50-ies Taishet was the center of two parts of the GULAG
- YuzhLAG and OzerLAG. On the basis of YuzhLAG, the construction
organization "Angarstroy" subsequently emerged.
The city
becomes the starting point of the BAM. Japanese prisoners of war
(soldiers of the former Kwantung Army), as well as German prisoners
of war (they were repatriated to their homeland after a visit to the
USSR by German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer in 1955) took part in the
construction of the Taishet-Bratsk railway.
On February 4,
1960, it was classified as a city of regional subordination.
Since 2005, with the entry into force of the 131st Federal Law, the
municipal district "City of Taishet" was transformed into the
Taishet urban settlement and reassigned to the Taishet district.
The territory of
the city is located within the Taishet foothill plain between the
tributaries of the Biryusa River - Taishetka and Akulshetka.
Soils - heavy loam, leached chernozem. Clay, loam, sand and gravel
mixtures, limestones are found near the city.
The climate is
sharply continental. The average July temperature is +17 ... + 20 °
C, the average January temperature is −28 ... −30 ° C. The average
annual precipitation is 484.1 mm. Relative air humidity - 72.1%.
In Taishet, there is a railway junction and a
large out-of-class marshalling yard, where highways of four
directions converge. The Trans-Siberian Railway runs from west to
east, the Baikal-Amur Mainline begins in Taishet (the first
kilometer of the Baikal-Amur Mainline is located in Taishet), the
South Siberian Mainline is located in the south, connecting BAM with
Kuzbass, Altai, Northern and Central Kazakhstan, and also with the
South Urals (ends in Magnitogorsk).
In the immediate vicinity
of the city is the federal highway P255 Siberia. All long-distance
trains stop at Taishet station, except for international ones,
following in the Moscow - Ulan Bator and Moscow - Beijing route.
In addition, Taishet is the starting point of the Eastern oil
pipeline (there is an oil pumping station in the city).
A significant number of the population is employed at the enterprises
of the railway transport of the Taishet station of the Eastern Railway
(wagon repair and maintenance depot, locomotive depot, sleeper
impregnation plant and other enterprises).
The following
industrial enterprises also operate in the city:
OJSC "Taishet plant
for the repair of road-building machines" (in 2012 it was declared
bankrupt);
LLC Construction Diversified Enterprise No. 621;
food
industry enterprises;
forest industry enterprises.
In 2007, at
the industrial site in Taishet, the Russian Aluminum company began
construction of the Taishet aluminum plant with a capacity of 750
thousand tons per year. The cost of the project was estimated at about $
2 billion. The commissioning of the first stage was originally scheduled
for 2009, later it was postponed to 2011. As of July 2009, the readiness
of the first start-up complex of the plant was estimated at 60%. In
2012, it was announced that the launch of the plant would be carried out
only in the second half of 2014. In December 2021, the first stage of
the Taishet aluminum smelter was launched in the integrated testing
mode.
Schools
Secondary school No. 1
Secondary school №2
Secondary
school №5
Secondary school №14
Secondary school №23
Secondary
school №85
Private educational institution boarding school №24
Special (correctional) boarding school №19
technical schools
Taishet Medical College
Taishet Industrial and Technological College
The city has a museum of local lore, which presents a small
exposition that tells about the history of the region and the main
events of the city. Near the museum there are several military guns.
The city is home to the Orthodox Peter and Paul Church and a Muslim
mosque.
The part of the city located north of the railway station is built up
with brick apartment buildings no higher than five floors. To the south
of the railway station, the city is represented by wooden buildings with
one or two floors.
Several buildings of pre-revolutionary
construction have been preserved in the city, for example, a water
tower.
Oleg Larionov (1950-1991) - lieutenant colonel of the Soviet army, posthumously awarded the Order of the Red Star.