Voronezh Biosphere Reserve (Voronezh State Natural
Biosphere Reserve named after VM Peskov) is a reserve in Voronezh
and Lipetsk regions. It is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of
Natural Resources and Environment of the Russian Federation.
Voronezh Biosphere Reserve is located in the forest-steppe zone. The area of the
Voronezh Biosphere Reserve is just over 31 thousand hectares. It is
located on the territory of the Lipetsk and Voronezh regions and
keeps the unique nature of Usmansky pine forest with its rich flora
and fauna. There are 228 species of birds, 61 species of mammals,
including wolves, foxes, raccoon dogs, wild boars, moose, roes, and
the noble European deer. In the rivers and lakes on the reserve
there are 39 species of fish, 9 - amphibians, 7 - reptiles and 1
kind of lamprey. The forest is predominantly pine with an admixture
of oak, but there are also clean oak trees. Pine takes 32%, oak 29%,
aspen 19%, birch 6% and alder 5%. Alders are common in the
floodplains of the Usmani and Ivnitsa rivers. Grows more than 1000
species of plants. Dwell 60 mammalian species: Picea fox, elk,
otter, wolf, European Hedgehog, common protein speckled gopher, wood
sleeper, ordinary beaver, great jerboa, gray hamster, normal hamster
bank vole, prairie char, muskrat, water vole, dark vole, common
vole, Eastern European vole, baby mouse, field mouse, forest mouse,
yellow-necked mouse, house mouse, gray rat, black rat, brown hare,
white hare, Russian desman, small white shrew, small shrew tooth, a common fencer, Natterer's night-boat,
bale-brimmed night-bed, water-well, pond night-runner, brown-eared
bat, red evening-head, giant evening-party, small evening-party,
forest bat, bat-dwarf, late leather, two-tone leather, raccoon dog,
stone marten, forest marten, weasel, ermine, forest polecat, steppe
polecat, American mink, badger, wild boar, red deer, European roe
deer, underground vole, Strand's mouse. The habitat of 8 species
(speckled ground squirrel, large jerboa, gray hamster, steppe
pestle, underground vole, the mouse of Strand, hare and steppe
polecats) is questionable. In the reserve there are also 39 species
of fish, all of which are found in the Voronezh River (on the
territory of the Voronezh Reserve), see the article Voronezh
(river), one species of cyclostomes, 5 species of reptiles and 7
species of amphibians. In the Red Book of Russia, the desman, snake
eagle, burial eagle, golden eagle, white-tailed eagle and others are
listed in the Voronezh Biosphere Reserve.
The reserve is located in the forest-steppe zone. The area of the Voronezh State Reserve is just over 31,000 hectares. It is located on the territory of the Lipetsk and Voronezh regions and preserves the unique nature of the Usmansky forest with its richest flora and fauna. There are 228 species of birds, 61 species of mammals, including wolves, foxes, raccoon dogs, wild boars, elk, roe deer and European red deer. In the rivers and lakes on the territory of the reserve there are 39 species of fish, 9 - amphibians, 7 - reptiles and 1 species of lamprey. The forest is predominantly pine with an admixture of oak, but there are also pure oak forests. Pine occupies 32%, oak 29%, aspen 19%, birch 6% and alder 5%. In the floodplains of the Usman and Ivnitsa rivers, alder forests are common. More than 1000 plant species grow. There are 60 species of mammals: common fox, elk, river otter, wolf, common hedgehog, common squirrel, speckled ground squirrel, forest dormouse, common beaver, large jerboa, gray hamster, common hamster, bank vole, steppe pied, muskrat, water vole, dark vole, common vole, East European vole, baby mouse, field mouse, wood mouse, yellow-throated mouse, house mouse, gray rat, black rat, European hare, mountain hare, Russian muskrat, lesser shrew, lesser shrew, common shrew , small shrew, common shrew, Natterer's bat, mustachioed bat, water bat, pond bat, brown ear bat, red vespers, giant vespers, small vespers, forest bat, dwarf bat, late kozhan, two-colored kozhan, raccoon dog, stone marten, pine marten, weasel, ermine, polecat, steppe polecat, American mink, badger, wild boar, red deer, European roe deer, underground vole, Strand mouse. The habitat of 8 species (speckled ground squirrel, large jerboa, gray hamster, steppe lemming, underground vole, Strand mouse, white hare and steppe polecat) is in question. There are also 39 species of fish in the reserve, all of which are found in the Voronezh River (on the territory of the Voronezh Reserve) see the article Voronezh (river), 1 species of cyclostomes, 5 species of reptiles and 7 species of amphibians. The muskrat, serpent eagle, imperial eagle, golden eagle, white-tailed eagle and others are listed in the Red Book of Russia from those living in the reserve.
implementation of the protection of natural areas in
order to preserve biological diversity and maintain protected natural
complexes and objects in their natural state;
organization and
conduct of scientific research, including the maintenance of the
Chronicle of Nature;
implementation of environmental monitoring;
environmental education;
participation in the state environmental
review of projects and schemes for the placement of economic and other
facilities;
assistance in the training of scientific personnel and
specialists in the field of environmental protection.
One of the oldest reserves in Russia is located 40 km
north of the center of Voronezh, in the immediate border with its remote
part - the village of Krasnolesny. Created in 1923 by Decree No. 66 of
the Voronezh Provincial Land Department of the Provincial Executive
Committee. In 1927, the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR
approved the regulation on the "State Beaver Hunting Reserve". Area
31053 ha.
It so happened that the Voronezh Reserve has two dates
of birth. At the beginning of the last century, thanks to the efforts of
the local forester N. I. Spitsyn, Moscow University sent an expedition
led by Professor S. I. Ognev to our region. Scientists have confirmed
that beavers still live in the Usman forest. It should be noted that at
that time this amazing beast was almost exterminated throughout the
country. It was necessary to organize the protection of beavers. And for
this purpose, on December 3, 1923, the Beaver Reserve was established in
a strip 2 versts wide along the channels of the Usman, Ivnitsa,
Meshcherka, Krivka rivers. And at first he was subordinate to the local
authorities of the Voronezh province. And on May 19, 1927, the reserve
was declared a state reserve.
For almost a century of existence,
the Voronezh Reserve has become famous for its scientific achievements:
the world's first experimental beaver nursery for breeding and studying
the beaver was created in the reserve. The employees of our reserve have
also achieved success in catching and resettling the European red deer
and wild boar. Since 1940, the study of parasitic organisms has begun as
a specialized area of research work of the Voronezh Reserve. Since 1952,
this area of research was headed by V. A. Romashov, who created the
Laboratory of Parasitology on the basis of the reserve.
In 1985,
by decision of the Bureau of the International Coordinating Council of
the Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Program, the Voronezh Reserve was given
the status of a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve. This high title was given to
the reserve for many years of research on human impact on nature. The
reserve entered the international network of biosphere reserves that
monitor the state of the environment.
The Federal State Budgetary
Institution "Voronezh State Natural Biosphere Reserve", on the basis of
the Order of the Minister of Natural Resources and Ecology of the
Russian Federation No. 71 dated March 26, 2009, protects the territory,
as well as measures to preserve biological diversity and maintain
natural complexes and objects in their natural state two state reserves:
State nature reserve of federal significance "Stone steppe
State
nature reserve of federal significance "Voronezh"
On August 23,
2013, the Voronezh Reserve was named after the famous writer, journalist
V. M. Peskov. Now the reserve is called FGBU "Voronezh State Natural
Biosphere Reserve named after V.I. V.M. Peskov"
November 5, 2013
Voronezh State Natural Biosphere Reserve named after V.I. V.M. Peskov
was awarded the GREEN TOURISM Ecological Responsibility Sign for
environmental education, development and promotion of eco-tourism.
The Voronezh Reserve was established in 1923 to
preserve an endangered animal species - the river beaver.
The
Museum of Nature has existed in the reserve since 1934. The area of
the modern exposition is 822 m² - five large halls, which housed
artistically designed dioramas with species of animals and plants
characteristic of the reserve, information stands and models, a
collection of European red deer antlers, entomological collections.
In addition to the Museum of Nature, on the Central Estate of the
Reserve there is an arboretum, a 418-year-old oak, the only experimental
beaver nursery in Russia. In 2020, a monument to the writer, journalist
Vasily Peskov was erected here.
On the territory of the reserve
there is a functioning Tolshevsky Spaso-Preobrazhensky Monastery.
Today, guests of the reserve can visit:
Museum of Nature;
Information Center "Meet the Voronezh Reserve!";
Beaver town with
three sightseeing objects (walk with beavers, Bobronarium, interactive
museum "Beaver's House");
Ecological trails "Reserved Tale" and
"Cherepakhinskaya";
Rope park "Yozhkiny paths";
Museum of V. M.
Peskov;
Fire Museum.
The Voronezh Reserve has been and remains
the pearl of the Chernozem region. Open to modernity, preserving the
natural and cultural heritage, setting high goals and able to overcome
any obstacles - this is how the reserve enters its new decade.
Birds are the most numerous vertebrates of the reserve: there are about 200 species of them, of which about 130 species nest, the vast majority of which are migratory. 14 species live settled in the forest. The Red Book of the Russian Federation includes 10 species of birds recorded on the territory of the reserve and its buffer zone: imperial eagle, golden eagle, white-tailed eagle, steppe harrier, greater spotted eagle, osprey, short-toed eagle, eagle owl, European middle woodpecker, gray shrike.
On the territory of the reserve, 1007 species of
higher plants, 134 species of bryophytes, 133 species of lichens and
about 300 species of fungi have been noted. Rare species included in the
Red Book of the Russian Federation are protected in the reserve: higher
plants - Russian hazel grouse, meadow lumbago, pinnate feather grass,
leafless iris; mushrooms - curly sparassis, pistillate hornwort,
coral-like hericium, branched vulture (sheep mushroom), chestnut
mushroom, blue gyropore and purple cobweb.
Contacts
Address:
394080, Voronezh, State Reserve, Central Estate
Phone: +7 (473)
2594560, +7 (473) 2594542, +7 (473) 2594506, +7 (473) 2594548
Fax: +7
(473) 2594559
E-mail:
zapovednikvrn@mail.ru ,
zapovednik-vrnru@ya.ru - environmental education department