Danbury, commonly known as Hat City, is a vibrant city nestled
in the interior of Fairfield County, Connecticut, and forms part
of the picturesque Litchfield Hills region. This charming locale
sits approximately 60 miles southwest of Hartford, the state
capital, and about 70 miles (110 km) northeast of bustling New
York City, making it an ideal spot for those seeking a balance
between suburban tranquility and urban accessibility.
Established in 1687 by settlers from Norwalk and Stamford,
Danbury was incorporated in 1702 and later chartered as a city
in 1889. It rose to prominence as the hat-making capital of the
United States during the 19th and early 20th centuries, with
numerous factories producing millions of hats annually and
earning its enduring nickname. The city once hosted the iconic
Great Danbury State Fair, a beloved annual event from 1869 to
1981 that drew crowds for agricultural exhibits, rides, and
entertainment; its grounds were redeveloped into the Danbury
Fair Mall in 1986, which remains the largest shopping mall in
Connecticut with over 140 stores and a mix of retail, dining,
and entertainment options.
With a projected population of
around 88,692 as of 2025, Danbury is a diverse community
featuring a blend of cultures, bolstered by its role as a hub
for immigrants and professionals commuting to nearby
metropolitan areas. The city is also home to Western Connecticut
State University (WCSU), a public institution founded in 1903
that offers undergraduate and graduate programs to over 5,000
students, with campuses in downtown Danbury and the west side,
focusing on fields like business, education, and the arts.
In
2020, Danbury captured national headlines due to a lighthearted
"feud" initiated by comedian and TV host John Oliver on his show
Last Week Tonight. What began as playful jabs at the city
escalated into a charitable challenge, culminating in the
renaming of the local sewage treatment facility to the John
Oliver Memorial Sewer Plant. Oliver attended the ribbon-cutting
ceremony in October 2020, and the event raised funds for local
food banks and highlighted Danbury's good-humored spirit, with
Mayor Mark Boughton and residents embracing the publicity.
Museums
Danbury Museum and Historical Society, Main Campus: 43
Main St, ☏ +1 203-743-5200, DMHSA@danbury-ct.gov. Open W-Sa noon-4PM.
This museum authority preserves and interprets Danbury's rich past
through exhibits, documents, and guided tours of its historic buildings,
which must be booked at least 24 hours in advance. The collection
includes five key structures: Huntington Hall (the main exhibit space),
the Rider House (a restored 1780s home showcasing colonial life), the
John Dodd Hat Shop (highlighting the city's hat-making heritage with
original tools and artifacts), the Little Red Schoolhouse (a one-room
19th-century school), and the Marian Anderson Studio (dedicated to the
renowned African-American contralto singer who lived in Danbury).
Additionally, they manage the Charles Ives Birthplace, the childhood
home of the Pulitzer Prize-winning composer born in 1874, featuring
period furnishings and musical memorabilia.
Danbury Railway Museum,
120 White St (next to the Danbury Metro-North Train Station), ☏ +1
203-778-8337. Open Sa-Su 10AM-4PM (with extended hours seasonally; check
website for updates). Housed in the beautifully restored 1903 Union
Station, which served passengers until 1993, this museum educates
visitors on the history of railroading and its impact on Danbury and the
region. Attractions include interactive exhibits, a vast collection of
locomotives and rail cars in the outdoor railyard, guided tours of
historic trains, and seasonal railyard rides on vintage equipment.
Admission is $7 for ages 3 and up (free for under 3), with extra fees
for train rides. Special events like holiday-themed excursions and model
train displays draw families year-round.
Beyond museums, Danbury
offers other notable sights such as Tarrywile Park and Mansion (a
722-acre nature preserve with hiking trails and a historic Victorian
mansion), Hearthstone Castle (a ruined 1890s stone castle in the woods,
listed on the National Register of Historic Places), and the Main Street
Historic District, featuring preserved 19th-century architecture and
shops.
The Danbury Ice Arena, located at 1 Independence Way (phone: +1
203-794-1704), is a vibrant year-round facility featuring two NHL-sized
ice rinks perfect for skating enthusiasts of all ages. While public
skating sessions vary by day—often available daytime for families and
evenings for more lively crowds like Friday nights geared toward
teens—the arena also hosts learn-to-skate programs, youth and adult
hockey leagues, freestyle sessions, and speed skating clinics. It's
currently home to the Danbury Hat Tricks of the Federal Hockey League
(Eastern Division champions in 2019-2020), along with teams from the
North American Tier III Hockey League and North American Hockey League,
replacing the former Danbury Whalers. Beyond ice activities, visitors
can enjoy a state-of-the-art arcade, a full bar with craft beers and
cocktails, and a café serving coffee and snacks, making it an ideal
family outing spot. You can also catch exciting games from local leagues
like the Mad Hatters or high school and college hockey matches, with
professional coaches ensuring safe and fun experiences.
On the
Westside campus of Western Connecticut State University (access via the
westside entrance and proceed straight), the William A. O'Neill Athletic
and Convocation Center stands as a versatile multi-purpose hub for
sports and fitness. Opened in 1995, it includes a well-equipped weight
room, an indoor swimming pool, and dedicated locker rooms primarily for
students, but many events are open to the public. The centerpiece is the
Stephen Feldman Arena, seating up to 2,800, where WCSU's basketball and
volleyball teams compete, alongside occasional special games for local
high schools. Part of the larger Westside Athletic Complex, it also
supports outdoor sports like soccer and lacrosse on adjacent turf
fields, fostering community involvement through accessible athletic
programming.
The Danbury War Memorial at 1 Memorial Drive (phone: +1
203-743-3932) operates from 5:30 AM to 9 PM and serves as a
community-focused fitness and activity center. Entry requires a
membership (options include monthly, annual, or auto-pay plans for
adults, seniors, veterans, and first responders) or a one-time fee,
granting access to a full fitness center with sauna-equipped locker
rooms, open gym sessions, and a range of classes like yoga, karate,
dance, and more. It's an excellent spot for area students and residents
to stay active, and the facility frequently hosts community events,
including pickleball on its three indoor wood courts with permanent
lines and portable nets, plus restrooms for convenience.
Richter Park
Golf Course, situated at 100 Aunt Hack Road (phone: +1 203-792-2550),
spans over 180 acres as an 18-hole, par-71 public course designed by
Edward Ryder, accommodating golfers from beginners to experts with its
challenging hilly terrain lined by mature hardwoods and water features.
Playing up to nearly 6,800 yards from the back tees, it offers modern
amenities like 2025 Yamaha gas carts with GPS, a fully stocked golf
shop, putting and chipping areas, and a public driving range. In
addition to golf, the park includes banquet facilities for events,
tennis courts for casual play, and scenic hiking trails for non-golfers,
making it a multifaceted outdoor destination year-round.
The Danbury
Police Activities League (PAL) at 35 Hayestown Road (phone: +1
203-778-4725) is a non-profit, volunteer-driven center directly across
from Candlewood Lake, dedicated to youth development for ages 5-18 in
the Greater Danbury area since 1964. It emphasizes safety, mentorship,
and opportunity through a variety of athletic and educational programs,
including basketball, softball, cheerleading, bowling, volleyball,
wrestling, and summer camps. Open gym times are available for public
drop-ins (call for schedules), and with over 900 families involved, it's
a welcoming hub for kids to build teamwork skills and enjoy affordable,
structured activities in a supportive environment.
Candlewood Town Park at 36 Hayestown Road is an 11-acre gem featuring
over 200 yards of sandy beachfront on a man-made lake, ideal for summer
relaxation and swimming. Attached to a 100-acre grassy area, it includes
benches, picnic tables, a playground for kids, a concession stand for
snacks, and a boat dock for non-motorized or permitted boating (check
rates and rules for stickers). As a hotspot for warm-weather fun, it's
perfect for families to unwind with stunning lake views, though seasonal
passes may apply for residents and non-residents.
Hatters Park at 7
East Hayestown Road encompasses about 32 acres of diverse indoor and
outdoor spaces, including a unique Duckpin Bowling Alley for classic
fun, a banquet hall and open-air picnic pavilion for gatherings, a
serene pond for scenic strolls, playgrounds, and three softball fields
(permits required via Parks & Recreation). With large trees, benches,
and tables scattered throughout, it's a family-friendly haven hosting
the Danbury Park & Recreation office on-site, making it easy to inquire
about events or rentals.
Kenosia Park on Christopher Columbus Avenue
covers 25 acres with over 100 yards of beachfront, offering benches,
tables, a playground, a seasonal spray park (open 11 AM-7 PM), four
soccer fields (permits needed), and opportunities for non-motorized
boating on the lake. It's a peaceful spot for picnics, row boating, and
active play, with ample parking and family-oriented amenities like
swings and open spaces for relaxation.
Rogers Park, at the end of
Main Street and South Street, spans 56 acres as a major recreational hub
with facilities for various sports, including six baseball fields, four
softball fields, a multipurpose turf field, eight tennis courts,
volleyball and basketball courts, a handball court, and a soccer field
(all requiring permits for organized use). Adjacent to it is a large
playground with swings and equipment, plus a seasonal spray park (11
AM-7 PM), making it ideal for public use, team practices, and younger
children's activities in a vibrant, community-driven setting.
Tarrywile Park on Southern Boulevard is a sprawling 722-acre haven—the
largest municipally owned park in Connecticut—for hikers and nature
lovers, boasting 21 miles of trails through woodlands, fields, two
ponds, a lake, and picnic areas. Once an active dairy farm and fruit
orchard, it features historic structures like a Shingle-style mansion,
castle, farmhouse, carriage house, dairy barns, gatehouse, and
greenhouse to explore. With community centers and Montessori facilities,
it's perfect for outdoor adventures, events, and immersing in scenic
beauty year-round.
The Palace Theater at 165 Main Street, which first opened in 1928 as
a grand vaudeville and movie house more than twice the size of any prior
local venue, now functions as a single-screen performing arts center
showcasing live music, theater, comedy, films, and more. From its heyday
hosting jazz, big bands, and Broadway tours in the 1940s-1960s to
today's diverse lineup, it's a cultural cornerstone of original Main
Street, with advance ticket sales recommended for best seating (phone:
+1 203-794-9944; email: info@thepalacedanbury.com).
The AMC Danbury
16 at 61 Eagle Road (phone: +1 203-796-7777) is a modern 16-screen
cinema with showtimes varying daily—call or check online for
specifics—featuring premium options like IMAX 3D, Dolby Cinema with
recliners, and reserved seating. It's a go-to weekend hangout for teens
and families, complete with an arcade in the lobby for pre- or
post-movie fun, and it's equipped for the latest blockbusters in a
comfortable setting.
Ives Concert Park on Western Connecticut State
University's University Boulevard (Westside campus) is an outdoor venue
specializing in summer live music, fine arts performances, multicultural
festivals, and family events. As Western Connecticut's entertainment
destination, it hosts celebrity concerts, theater, dance, and more in a
picturesque gazebo setting, making it a delightful spot for seasonal
gatherings with something for all ages.
CityCenter Danbury, centered
in downtown on Main Street and nearby areas like Ives Street Green,
buzzes with community events throughout the year. Highlights include the
Danbury Farmers' Market for fresh local produce, Halloween on the Green
with spooky fun, the Holiday Lights Winter Festival featuring
illuminations and a Holiday Pops Concert, the Summer Concert Series with
free live music across genres like rock, soul, country, and Latin, A
Taste of Greater Danbury showcasing restaurant foods, crafts, and
entertainment, the Danbury Street Festival with artisans, food trucks,
and family zones, and the International Festival celebrating cultures
with performances from 1 PM to 9 PM. Many events are free and
pedestrian-friendly, fostering community spirit on the CityCenter Green
at 1 Ives Street.
Arriving by Air
Travelers can reach Danbury, Connecticut,
conveniently via several nearby airports, each offering a range of
domestic and international flights. The closest commercial option is
Westchester County Airport (HPN IATA) in White Plains, New York,
approximately 35 miles away and about a 40-minute drive. It serves
direct routes to over 20 U.S. cities, including major hubs like
Philadelphia, Atlanta, Washington D.C., Detroit, Chicago, Orlando, and
Tampa, with carriers such as American Airlines, Delta, and JetBlue.
Stewart International Airport (SWF IATA) near Newburgh, New York, is
roughly 41 miles north and takes about 60 minutes to reach by car; it
provides flights to destinations like Philadelphia, Orlando, Fort
Lauderdale, Atlanta, and Detroit, primarily through low-cost airlines
like Allegiant and Frontier. Tweed New Haven Regional Airport (HVN IATA)
in New Haven, about 41 miles southeast and a 70-minute drive, has
expanded significantly and now offers nonstop service to more than 30
locations via Avelo Airlines and Breeze Airways, including Philadelphia,
Chicago, Orlando, and new routes to southern destinations like Sarasota
and Wilmington. For broader international access, LaGuardia Airport (LGA
IATA) in Queens, New York City, is around 43 miles away and
approximately 70 minutes by road, featuring dozens of global flights
from airlines like Delta, American, and Southwest. Bradley International
Airport (BDL IATA) in Windsor Locks, Connecticut, about 50 miles north
and an 80-minute drive, is New England's second-largest airport with
extensive worldwide connections; in 2025, it added new nonstop routes to
Daytona Beach, Wilmington (NC), and Miami via Breeze Airways, alongside
service from major carriers like United and Aer Lingus. John F. Kennedy
International Airport (JFK IATA) in Queens, New York City, is roughly 50
miles away and takes about 80 minutes, offering hundreds of
international flights through hubs like Delta and JetBlue. Newark
Liberty International Airport (EWR IATA) in Newark, New Jersey, is
farther at about 60 miles and 100 minutes, but provides comprehensive
global options from United, Lufthansa, and others. For private or small
aircraft, Danbury Municipal Airport (DXR IATA) is right in town—a
compact general aviation facility with two runways, ideal for charter
flights or local pilots, though it lacks commercial service.
Ride-sharing services like Uber or Lyft, taxis, and shuttle buses are
available from most of these airports for the final leg to Danbury, with
traffic potentially adding time during peak hours.
Given Danbury's expansive 44 square miles (about 114 square kilometers), the most efficient ways to explore are by personal vehicle or public transit, as walking the entire city isn't practical for most visitors. The Housatonic Area Regional Transit (HART) system is the primary bus network, operating fixed-route CityBus services on weekdays and Saturdays from around 6 AM to 6 PM in the greater Danbury region. Routes extend to nearby towns like New Milford and Norwalk, with options including the CityCenter Trolley for downtown loops and express shuttles to Brewster, New York, for Metro-North train connections into New York City—perfect for commuters or day-trippers. Fares are affordable (typically $1.75 per ride, with discounts for seniors and students), and real-time tracking is available via the Transit app or HART's website; note that holiday schedules may vary, such as early closures on December 24, 2025. For those preferring to drive, car rentals are widely available. Popular providers include Enterprise Rent-A-Car at Federal Road (+1 203-748-8998), Hertz at Tooley Lane (+1 203-743-6773), Avis on Mill Plain Road (+1 203-744-5450), Budget (+1 203-790-0210), and Dollar, with options for economy cars, SUVs, and vans starting around $70 per day depending on demand. Many locations offer airport pickups, online reservations, and after-hours returns for flexibility. Ride-sharing and taxis are also handy for short trips within the city.
Danbury boasts several vibrant shopping destinations for everything from everyday essentials to luxury finds. The standout is Danbury Fair Mall at 7 Backus Avenue (+1 203-743-3247), a spacious two-level center with over 200 retailers and dining spots. Anchor stores include Macy's, JCPenney, Primark, Dick's Sporting Goods, Target, and L.L.Bean, alongside popular brands like Apple, Lululemon, Anthropologie, Athleta, Urban Outfitters, Free People, Abercrombie & Fitch, Pottery Barn, and Forever 21. Operating hours are Monday through Saturday from 10 AM to 8 PM and Sunday from 11 AM to 7 PM, with extended holiday shopping times in December 2025—check the website for sales events and seasonal hours. Across the street from the Holiday Inn and Courtyard Marriott, the Berkshire Shopping Center at 67 Newtown Road offers a convenient mix of big-box and specialty stores, including Walmart, T.J. Maxx, HomeGoods, Sierra Trading Post, Staples, Skechers, Goodwill, and services like a nail salon, pet store, and Edible Arrangements. It's a high-traffic spot with ample parking and ongoing leases for new tenants as of late 2025. Near Danbury Hospital, the North Street Shopping Center at 1 Padanaram Road (also known as North Street) features value-oriented retailers such as ShopRite supermarket, Burlington (for coats and apparel), AutoZone, Five Below, Dollar Tree, T-Mobile, Wells Fargo, Docs Urgent Care, Rite Aid, a barber shop, Hallmark, Carvel Ice Cream, and a laundromat—making it ideal for quick errands or budget shopping.
Diners
Danbury boasts several classic diners offering hearty
American fare for breakfast, lunch, and dinner in welcoming atmospheres.
Three Brothers Diner: Situated at 242 White Street, this
family-owned spot has been a cornerstone of the Danbury community for
over 40 years, committed to delivering an exceptional diner experience
with a menu featuring fresh, high-quality meals. It's highly regarded as
one of the top diners in the area, perfect for casual dining. Contact:
+1 203 748-6008.
Elmer's Diner: Located at 22 Padanaram Road, this
establishment prides itself on providing top-notch food and outstanding
service in a setting that blends traditional diner charm with modern
updates. It's a favorite for its dedication to quality and community
feel, serving everything from classic breakfasts to satisfying dinners.
Open daily, it's also known for accommodating various dietary needs.
Contact: +1 203 731-2559.
New Holiday Diner: Found at 123 White
Street, this diner is a beloved local staple with a timeless vibe,
offering reliable comfort food that's drawn praise for its consistency
and welcoming environment. It's often highlighted in lists of the best
diners in Danbury for its family-friendly appeal. Contact: +1 203
748-9798.
Italian Cuisine
For those craving Italian flavors,
Danbury has options ranging from cozy pizzerias to more upscale eateries
with authentic dishes.
Cafe on the Green: At 100 Aunt Hack Road,
this scenic hidden gem combines Italian-inspired elements with American
dining, creating uniquely delicious meals in a warm, inviting space
nestled in natural surroundings. It's praised for its exceptional
atmosphere and has been noted as a standout for both casual and special
occasions. Contact: +1 203 791-0369.
Sal's Pizza Restaurant:
Positioned at 23 Padanaram Road #R23, this spot specializes in
traditional pizzas and Italian staples, making it a go-to for quick,
flavorful meals. It's part of the vibrant Italian scene in Danbury, with
positive mentions for its reliable quality. Contact: +1 203 744-2422.
Michael Angelo's Pizzeria: Housed at 75 Lake Avenue in a convenient
strip mall, this pizzeria operates from 11 AM to 9 PM Monday through
Saturday (closed Sundays), serving up classic pies and Italian favorites
in a no-frills setting. It's appreciated for its straightforward
approach and fresh ingredients.
Chinese Cuisine
Danbury
features a variety of Chinese restaurants offering takeout, dine-in, and
delivery options with diverse regional flavors.
Sesame Seed
Restaurant: Located at 68 W Wooster Street, this venue provides a range
of traditional Chinese dishes in a comfortable setting. It's a solid
choice for locals seeking familiar favorites. Contact: +1 203 743-9850.
Good Taste Chinese Restaurant: At 247 Main Street, this eatery is known
for its consistent quality and broad menu, making it a reliable option
for Chinese takeout or casual dining. Contact: +1 203 798-8978.
Beijing Chinese Restaurant: Situated at 216 White Street, it offers
authentic Asian fusion and hibachi options, with praise for its shrimp
rolls and house specials that appeal to both dine-in and takeout crowds.
It's noted as one of the closer approximations to NYC-style Chinese food
in the area. Contact: +1 203 743-1188.
China King: Found at 1
Division Street #C, this spot delivers quick, affordable Chinese fare
with a focus on classic dishes. Contact: +1 203 798-9262.
Jeffrey's
Chinese Kitchen: At 7 Pembroke Road, this restaurant stands out for its
exceptional food, often hailed as some of the best Chinese in
Connecticut with fresh ingredients and great service. It's a top pick
for delivery and has been a local favorite for over a decade. Contact:
+1 203 730-8603.
Dragon Cheng: Located at 132 West Street, it
provides a variety of Szechuan and other Chinese styles in a
straightforward environment. Contact: +1 203 790-4297.
Mexican
Cuisine
Enjoy vibrant Mexican flavors at these establishments,
featuring tacos, burritos, and more in lively settings.
El Rancho
Mexican: At 20 White Street, this restaurant serves authentic dishes
with generous portions, earning acclaim for its excellent food and
service in a typical Mexican ambiance. It's a top-rated spot for
traditional fare. Contact: +1 203 730-9470.
El Millieno Restaurant:
Positioned at 21 North Street, it offers a mix of Mexican classics in a
casual space, ideal for quick meals or gatherings. Contact: +1 203
207-0156.
Panchos Tacos Mexican Restaurant: Found at 145 White
Street, this long-standing venue provides generous servings of typical
Mexican cuisine in a colorful, relaxed atmosphere, often chosen for its
value and taste. Contact: +1 203 790-0900.
Britos Restaurant Mexican
Food: At 41 South Street, this eatery focuses on flavorful Mexican
staples, making it a convenient choice for authentic bites. Contact: +1
203 797-0885.
Grocery Shopping
For stocking up on essentials
or specialty items, these stores provide a range of options from fresh
produce to international goods.
Stew Leonard's: At 99 Federal
Road, open daily from 8 AM to 10 PM, this unique store combines
entertainment with shopping—think animatronic displays like singing
mechanical chickens while you browse dairy, meats, produce, bakery
items, seafood, cheese, and wine. It's often described as "Disney meets
dairy" and is a fun, family-oriented experience with fresh, high-quality
products.
C-Town: Located at 45 North Street, this independently
operated supermarket is excellent for international food products,
offering a diverse selection in a community-focused setting. Contact: +1
203 748-5466.
Stop & Shop: At 44 Lake Avenue Extension, open daily
from 7 AM to midnight, this chain provides a wide assortment of
groceries at great value, with options for delivery or pickup and a
loyalty program for savings. Contact: +1 203 797-8901.
TK's American Cafe: At 255 White Street, open daily from 11 AM to 1 AM, this lively sports bar is famous for its 52 wing flavors and individual TVs in every booth, creating an energetic atmosphere perfect for watching games or casual hangouts. It's a go-to for wings, drinks, and a fun vibe. Contact: +1 203 730-1776.
Danbury offers comfortable hotels with convenient access to major
highways, airports, and local attractions like Western Connecticut State
University.
Maron Hotel & Suites: At 42 Lake Avenue Extension,
this property is ideally located along Interstate 84 between New York
City and Boston, with easy reach to airports like Tweed, Westchester,
Danbury Municipal (within 30 minutes), and LaGuardia (48 miles away).
Rates start at $129+. Contact: +1 203 791-2200, fax: +1 203 791-2201.
SpringHill Suites Danbury: Located at 30 Old Ridgebury Road, it provides
straightforward access to international airports and is minutes from
venues like Western Connecticut State University, Charles Ives Center,
O'Neill Center, Brewster Sports Center, and Brewster Ice Arena. Contact:
+1 203 744-7333, fax: +1 203 744-7555.
Comfort Suites Danbury: At 89
Mill Plain Road, this hotel offers clean, comfortable stays with
amenities like free Wi-Fi and breakfast, earning positive reviews for
its value and convenience. Contact: +1 203 205-0800.
Courtyard
Danbury: Situated at 3 Eagle Road, it features modern rooms and
facilities, ideal for business or leisure travelers. Contact: +1 203
730-2228, fax: +1 203 730-6667.
Holiday Inn: At 80 Newtown Road, this
reliable chain provides standard amenities including pools and meeting
spaces. Contact: +1 203 792-4000.
Residence Inn Danbury: Found at 22
Segar Street, it's designed for extended stays with kitchenettes and
home-like comforts, often praised for its cleanliness and staff.
Contact: +1 203 797-1256, fax: +1 203 797-1268.
Early History and Native American Presence
Danbury, Connecticut,
originally known as Pahquioque or Paquiack (meaning "open plain" or
"cleared land" in Algonquian), was inhabited by the Paugussett people,
an Algonquian-speaking tribe, along the Still River. The area featured
valleys, ridges, hills like Thomas Mountain (960 feet), and bodies of
water such as Mountain Pond and Lake Kenosia. European contact began
with land purchases from Native American proprietors, including the
Pohtatuck and Ramapoo Indians in surrounding areas like Newtown (1705)
and Ridgefield (1708).
Colonial Settlement (1684–1775)
Danbury's European settlement began in 1684–1685 when eight families
from Norwalk and Stamford (with one from Stratford) purchased land from
Native Americans and established homes at the southern end of what is
now Main Street. The settlers included Thomas Taylor, Francis Bushnell,
Thomas Barnum, John Hoyt, James Benedict, Samuel Benedict, James Beebe,
and Judah Gregory. They named the area Swampfield due to its wetlands
but officially renamed it Danbury in 1687 after a parish in Essex,
England. A formal survey occurred in 1693, and the town received a
patent in 1702 from Governor Robert Treat, defining its boundaries as
roughly 8 miles north-south and 6 miles east-west (later expanded).
Early life focused on farming, with challenges like dense forests,
swamps, and potential threats from Native Americans (though relations
were generally peaceful). Settlers built fences for cattle, sowed
grains, and clustered homes for protection. By 1696, the First
Congregational Church was organized under Rev. Seth Shove, with a
40x30-foot meeting house. Education began informally, with districts
like Beaver Brook and Great Plain formalized by 1769. Physicians like
Dr. Samuel Wood (pre-1690) and Dr. Thomas Dean (d. 1730) served the
community. Population grew from about 300 around 1700 to 1,527 by 1756
and 2,526 by 1774.
The economy was agrarian, but early industries
emerged, including sawmills in Miry Brook and tanneries. Slavery
existed, as evidenced by runaway ads in the 1790s. Taverns like John
Trowbridge's (later with a King George III sign) and Dr. Jabez Starr's
on Main and Elm Streets served as social hubs. Religious diversity grew
with Episcopalians building a meeting house in 1763 and Baptists forming
societies in the 1780s. Epidemics, such as dysentery in 1775 (killing
about 130), posed threats. Militarily, Danbury had infantry, cavalry,
and artillery companies by the 1770s, preparing for conflicts.
Revolutionary War Era (1775–1783)
Danbury supported the American
Revolution enthusiastically. News of Lexington in 1775 prompted the
formation of companies like Capt. Noble Benedict's (98 men, serving at
Lake Champlain). In late 1776, it became a key Continental Army supply
depot due to its inland location and roads, storing vast quantities of
pork (3,000 barrels), flour (1,000+ barrels), beef, tents (1,600),
grain, rum, and other essentials under Colonels Jedediah Huntington and
Joseph P. Cooke.
The British raid on April 26–27, 1777, led by Major
General William Tryon with about 1,850 troops (regulars and Loyalists),
marked a pivotal event. Landing at Compo Beach in Westport on April 25
amid rain, they marched 20 miles unopposed through Redding, arriving in
Danbury by April 26 afternoon. Many residents fled; medical supplies
were relocated to New Milford. The British destroyed stores, burned 19
dwellings, 22 storehouses and barns, the New Danbury Society meeting
house, and items from the unfinished Episcopal church. Losses totaled
about £16,184 in private property (equivalent to $81,000), plus
irreplaceable Continental supplies. Cruelties included murders (e.g., a
slave named Adams in Capt. Starr's house) and sparing Tory homes marked
with lime crosses. Troops departed on April 27, pursued by American
forces.
Sybil Ludington, a 16-year-old, reportedly rode 20–40 miles
on April 26 to muster militia at her father Colonel Henry Ludington's
home in Fredericksburg, NY (now Ludingtonville), shouting warnings amid
rain and the glow of burning Danbury. Though accounts vary and some
scholars question details, she was later praised by George Washington.
The pursuit involved Generals David Wooster, Benedict Arnold, and Gold
Selleck Silliman. Wooster, with 200 men, harassed the British rear at
Ridgefield, where he was mortally wounded (shot in the back, possibly by
a Tory) and died in Danbury on May 2, 1777, buried in Wooster Cemetery.
Arnold fortified positions, inflicting heavy casualties (British losses:
60+). This raid, known as the Burning of Danbury, inspired the city's
motto "Restituimus" ("We have restored"). Relief came via £500 from the
legislature and Western Reserve lands in Ohio.
Post-raid, Danbury
hosted hospitals (1777 onward) and quartered troops, including Horatio
Gates in 1778 and Putnam's division in Redding (1778–1779). Spies like
Enoch Crosby captured Tories. French troops under Rochambeau encamped
nearby in 1781 en route to Yorktown. Loyalists faced imprisonment, and
executions occurred in Redding.
19th Century: Industrial Boom and
Challenges (1783–1900)
Post-war recovery focused on industry. Hatting
began around 1780 with Zadoc Benedict's shop on Main Street, producing
three hats daily using fur felted via friction and sweat. By 1800,
Danbury produced 20,000 hats annually; by 1859, 1.5 million; and by
1887, 5 million from 30 factories, earning the nickname "Hat City of the
World" with the motto "Danbury Crowns Them All." The industry employed
thousands, peaking at 3,000 workers in 1890. Innovations included
fur-cutting machines (1825–1830), silk hats (1835), and
pouncing/brim-stretching devices (1860s–1870s). Fur processing separated
by 1884, with imports from Europe. However, mercury poisoning from
mercuric nitrate caused "Danbury shakes" (erethism, or "mad hatter
disease"), leading to symptoms like tremors and hallucinations;
Connecticut banned it in 1941, but pollution lingered in the Still
River.
Labor issues arose: unions formed by 1880, leading to strikes
(1902 boycott resulting in the Danbury Hatters' Case, where the Supreme
Court ruled against the union under antitrust laws). The industry
declined in the 1920s due to fashion changes, with only six
manufacturers by 1923; Stetson's last factory closed in 1964, and the
final hat was made in 1987.
Other industries included comb-making
(peaking 1826–1837, extinct by 1852), paper mills (1792), boots/shoes
(15,000 pairs annually by 1799), and railroads: the Danbury and Norwalk
line opened in 1852, with Harlem reaching Brewster in 1848. The central
borough incorporated in 1822, becoming a city in 1889; it consolidated
with the town in 1965. The Danbury Fair started in 1821, becoming annual
in 1869 until 1981; its grounds became the Danbury Fair Mall in 1986.
Disasters struck: The Kohanza Reservoir dam (built 1860 for hatting
water) breached on January 31, 1869, due to ice, flooding Danbury in 30
minutes, killing 11, destroying homes, bridges, and factories, and
causing over $100,000 in damage (equivalent to $2.2 million today).
Sounds resembled a rumbling train.
Immigration fueled growth: Irish
and Germans early on, followed by Italians, Swedes, Hungarians, Poles,
Slovaks, Lebanese, Syrians, Portuguese, and Brazilians by 1910, many in
hatting. Population reached 3,031 in 1790 and grew to over 85,000 by the
21st century, with over 40 languages in schools today.
Notable
events: Thomas Jefferson's 1802 letter to the Danbury Baptist
Association coined "separation of Church and State." Traveling shows
like Buffalo Bill's visited in 1900; Oglala Sioux performer Albert
Afraid of Hawk died and was buried locally (repatriated 2015). Danbury
Municipal Airport began in 1928; Candlewood Lake (Connecticut's largest)
was created in 1928 for hydroelectric power.
20th Century:
Modernization, Disasters, and Cultural Shifts (1900–Present)
The 20th
century brought infrastructure: Electric lights (1884–1887), street
railways (1895), and hospitals (Danbury 1884, New Milford 1921). World
War II saw Danbury's federal prison house conscientious objectors,
leading to early desegregation. The 1955 floods from Hurricanes Connie
and Diane dumped 6–12 inches of rain, overflowing the Still River,
causing $9 million in damage, two deaths, and destroying downtown.
Declared a disaster, it prompted urban renewal (1955–1975) with $26.5
million in funding to channel the river, relocate roads, and raze
buildings, though it didn't fully revive commerce.
Crime: The 1970
Pardue brothers' bombings at a bank and police station injured 26 during
a robbery spree. Science: Perkin-Elmer in Danbury polished the flawed
Hubble Space Telescope mirror (1979–1981), corrected in 1993. In 1988,
Money magazine ranked Danbury the best U.S. city to live in due to low
crime and schools.
Immigration continued, with the "Danbury 11" day
laborers arrested in 2006 (settled 2011). Today, Danbury is diverse,
with a population over 85,000, known for its hatting legacy (preserved
at the Danbury Museum's John Dodd Hat Shop) and as home to figures like
Marian Anderson and Charles Ives.
Danbury's folklore includes tales that blend urban myth with reported
sightings, often rooted in isolation, history, or unexplained phenomena.
The Frog People of Danbury: This peculiar legend revolves around a
reclusive family said to live in a rundown, isolated compound on the
outskirts of Danbury and nearby Bethel. Generations of inbreeding are
believed to have resulted in amphibian-like features-wide-set eyes,
bobblehead appearances, and other distortions—earning them the moniker
"frog people." Locals have reported rare encounters, such as spotting
family members during late-night grocery runs, though they avoid direct
interaction. The compound is described as desolate and off-limits, with
outsiders steering clear due to its eerie reputation. While some dismiss
it as exaggeration, a 1998 article highlighted their presence near
Bethel's center, adding credibility to the story.
Paranormal Activity
at Tarrywile Park & Mansion: Encompassing over 700 acres of woodlands
and trails, this historic park is linked to ghostly occurrences,
particularly around the trails near Hearthstone Castle (detailed below).
Hikers have reported unexplained events like sudden temperature drops,
whispers, or feelings of being watched, though specific apparitions
aren't well-documented. The mansion itself, built in the 1890s, adds to
the atmospheric dread with its Victorian architecture and past as a
private estate.
Abandoned Places
Danbury features several
derelict sites, many tied to its industrial and affluent past, now
overtaken by nature and decay. These spots often overlap with haunted
lore, amplifying their mystique.
Hearthstone Castle: Perched in
Tarrywile Park at 18 Brushy Hill Road, this once-grand structure was
built in 1897 as a summer retreat for photographer E. Starr Sanford from
a prominent Danbury family. The three-story castle boasted 17 rooms,
nine bedrooms, a library, billiard room, imported Italian wood
interiors, and eight stone fireplaces—hence its name. It changed hands
multiple times: sold to industrialist Victor Buck in 1902 (renamed
Buck's Castle), then to Charles Darling Parks in 1918 for his daughter
Irene, who owned it for nearly 70 years. The city of Danbury acquired it
in 1985 along with the surrounding park for $4.7 million, but lack of
funds led to severe neglect. Today, it's in ruins—walls crumbling,
ceilings collapsed, floors unsafe—with vandalism incidents, like a 2008
break-in by teenagers. As of late 2022, it's fenced off and undergoing
safety renovations, but remains inaccessible to the public. Haunted
tales abound: visitors report footsteps trailing them, rocks being
thrown, a glowing figure under floorboards, a spectral dog (panting
sounds and glowing eyes in the basement), a deer-like entity, ethereal
flute music, and a hooded figure observing from afar.
The
Abandoned House on Deer Hill: Located on Deer Hill Avenue in one of
Danbury's upscale neighborhoods, this Dutch Colonial home stands out
amid stately mansions as a symbol of faded grandeur. Noted for its
rotting exterior and overgrown lot, it was left vacant for years before
being purchased around 2008. The new owner began gutting the interior
for renovations but abandoned the project due to high costs and
complications, leaving it in limbo. Its prime location on a rare double
lot adds to the mystery of why such a potentially valuable property
remains neglected. No major haunted legends are directly tied to it, but
its eerie, decaying presence has inspired local curiosity and stories of
"what if."