Roissy-en-Brie (until 1988 Roissy) is a French commune with 22,994 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2017) in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region. The inhabitants are called Roisséens.
Château de Roissy, 17th and 19th
centuries, current Town Hall;
cultural center of the Ayau farm
(municipal cinema La Grange, Grande Halle, Aimé Césaire media
library, Conservatory of music, dance and fine arts);
Hi-han
animal park (educational farm);
Church of Saint-Germain 15th and
19th centuries.
In 1115, legend has it that Seneschal Anseau de
Garlande and his niece Yolande cross the forest of Roissy-en-Brie on
horseback when a boar attacks his niece's mount. It was then that a
peasant from Torcy and a peasant from Roissy-en-Brie rushed to help
the lord and the young lady. To reward this act of bravery, Anseau
de Garlande therefore offered a parcel of forest, about 150
hectares, to the villages of Torcy and Roissy-en-Brie, the forest
being a wealth at the time because it was a game reserve. and wood
for construction and heating.
There was a priory at Roissy
which was in ruins in the 19th century. During this period, gypsum
was extracted and tillage implements were made there.
The
Château de Roissy, which currently houses the town hall, dates from
the 17th century. Its beauty has attracted many illustrious
characters such as the great singer Maria Malibran, Dr Photinos
Panas, eminent ophthalmologist of the last century or even Charles
Pathé, the greatest industrialist of cinema, who receives the
greatest stars of the seventh art at the château.
Roissy
absorbed the municipality of Pontcarré in 1810 and separated from it
in 1829, thus returning it to its status as a municipality.
Since 1970, the city has grown rapidly, going from 500 to nearly
23,000 inhabitants in 2017. The immense wheat fields have given way
to residential and real estate complexes, although the woods still
represent 50% of the municipal territory.
Watercourse management
In order to achieve the good water
status imposed by the Water Framework Directive of 23 October 2000,
several integrated management tools are articulated at different
scales: the SDAGE, at the hydrographic basin scale, and the SAGE ,
at the local level. The latter sets the general objectives of use,
development and quantitative and qualitative protection of surface
and underground water resources. The Seine-et-Marne department is
covered by six SAGEs, within the Seine-Normandy basin6. The town is
part of two SAGE: "Yerres" and "Marne Confluence".
The SAGE
“Yerres” was approved on October 13, 2011. It corresponds to the
Yerres watershed, with an area of 1,017 km2, traversed by a
hydrographic network of approximately 450 kilometers in length,
divided between the course of the river. 'Yerres and its main
tributaries which are: the Ru de l'Étang de Beuvron, the Visandre,
the Yvron, the Bréon, the Avon, the Marsange, the Barbançonne, the
Réveillon7. SAGE is managed and coordinated by the joint union for
sanitation and water management in the Yerres watershed (SYAGE),
described as a "supporting structure".
The SAGE “Marne
Confluence” was approved on January 2, 2018. It covers the
downstream part of the Marne watershed straddling the departments of
Seine-et-Marne, Seine-Saint-Denis and Val-de-Marne . In total, 52
municipalities are concerned, covering an area of 270 km. SAGE is
managed and coordinated by the Marne Vive union, described as a
"supporting structure", a mixed union created in 199310.
Weather
The town benefits from a "degraded oceanic climate of the
plains of the Center and North", according to the typology of
climates in France defined in 2010. This type affects the entire
Paris Basin with an extension towards the south, including all of
the municipalities of Seine-et-Marne.
The climatic parameters
which made it possible to establish this typology include six
variables for temperature and eight for precipitation, the values
of which correspond to the monthly data for the 1971-2000 normal.
The seven main variables characterizing the municipality are
presented in the box opposite. With climate change, these variables
have since evolved. A study carried out in 2014 by the Directorate
General for Energy and Climate in fact predicts that the average
temperature should increase and the average rainfall fall, with
however strong regional variations. This development can be seen on
the nearest historic Météo-France meteorological station, Melun -
Villaroche, which is 20 km away as the crow flies, where the annual
average temperature is 11.2 ° C for 1981-201015 at 11.6 ° C for
1991-2020.
Natural environments and biodiversity
The
inventory of natural areas of ecological, faunistic and floristic
interest (ZNIEFF) aims to cover the most interesting areas from an
ecological point of view, essentially with a view to improving
knowledge of the national natural heritage and providing a tool to
help the various decision-makers take the environment into account
in regional planning.
Administrative and electoral
attachments
The town has been located since 1994 in the district
of Torcy in the department of Seine-et-Marne. For the election of
deputies, it has been part of the eighth district of Seine-et-Marne
since 1988.
It was part of the canton of Tournan-en-Brie from
1801 to 1975, when it became the capital of the canton of
Roissy-en-Brie. As part of the cantonal redistribution of 2014 in
France, this canton is removed and the city integrates the canton of
Pontault-Combault.
Intercommunality
Roissy-en-Brie and
Pontault-Combault. came together on January 1, 2010 to form the
agglomeration community of Brie Francilienne.
As part of the
implementation of the MAPAM law of January 27, 2014, which provides
for the generalization of intercommunality to all municipalities and
the creation of large-scale intercommunalities in Île-de-France,
capable of dialogue with the metropolis of Greater Paris, this
intercommunal merger with its neighbors to form, on January 1, 2016,
the Paris - Marne Valley urban community, of which the municipality
is now a member.