Versailles is a French commune, capital of the Yvelines
department in the Île-de-France region, known worldwide for its
castle as well as for its gardens, sites classified under the aegis
of UNESCO in the list of world heritage of humanity. According to
the 2015 census, the city's population is 85,771.
A new city
created by the will of King Louis XIV, it was the seat of French
political power for a century, from 1682 to 1789, but also in 1871
and became one of the cradles of the French Revolution, with the
city of Vizille (which began the Revolution on July 21, 1788).
After losing its status as a royal city, it became the capital
of the department of Seine-et-Oise in 1790, then that of Yvelines in
1968, and of a bishopric.
Versailles is also historically
known for having been the place of signature of two treaties: the
Treaty of Paris (1783), which ended the American War of
Independence, the Treaty of Versailles signed at the end of the
First World War.
Located in the western suburbs of the French
capital, 17.1 km from the center of Paris, Versailles was a wealthy
residential city in the 21st century with a mainly tertiary economy
and a leading international tourist destination. It is always in
Versailles that congress at the castle, deputies and senators meet,
to ratify any modification of the constitution. Headquarters of the
University of Versailles-Saint-Quentin (UVSQ) and home to many
companies, the city is part of the Paris-Saclay technological
competitiveness cluster project.
The Palace of Versailles, a magnificent royal residence on the
western edge of Paris, stands as an iconic symbol of French history and
grandeur. Originally a modest hunting lodge transformed by King Louis
XIV—the Sun King—into a sprawling estate in the 17th century, it served
as the epicenter of absolute monarchy and political power until the
French Revolution in 1789. Today, it's a UNESCO World Heritage site and
a museum showcasing France's royal past, featuring opulent Baroque
architecture, intricate artworks, and expansive landscapes designed by
renowned gardener André Le Nôtre.
The palace operates daily
except Mondays, with hours from 9:00 AM to 5:30 PM (last admission at
4:45 PM) during the November to March low season, extending to 6:30 PM
in some areas from April to October. The Estate of Trianon opens at noon
(or 2:00 PM in winter), while the Park and Gardens are accessible from
8:00 AM to 6:00 PM year-round, though gardens may close due to inclement
weather like snow or high winds—currently, they're closed as of early
January 2026. The entire site is shut on January 1, May 1, and December
25, with potential temporary closures for specific rooms undergoing
renovations or hosting official events, such as state visits or
parliamentary sessions. Always check the official app or website for
real-time updates, as the palace occasionally accommodates foreign
dignitaries.
Ticket options cater to various preferences: The
Passport ticket, priced at €25 (or €22 for EEA citizens/residents),
grants full access to the palace (with timed entry), Trianon Estate,
temporary exhibitions, Gardens (including Musical Fountains Shows or
Musical Gardens when applicable), Park, Gallery of Coaches (open
weekends), and Royal Tennis Court. A Palace-only ticket costs €21,
focusing on the main building, exhibitions, and limited garden access in
winter. The Trianon-only ticket is €15 (€12 for EEA), covering the
intimate estates like the Grand Trianon, Petit Trianon, and Queen's
Hamlet. For frequent visitors, the "1 Year in Versailles" subscription
starts at €65 for solo access, offering unlimited entry, skip-the-line
perks, and discounts. Two-day passes aren't explicitly listed but can be
approximated with multi-day planning. Note that prices are set to adjust
starting January 14, 2026, so confirm current rates. Entry is free for
those under 18 (worldwide), under 26 who are EEA residents, teachers
with proof, disabled individuals plus one companion, and certain other
groups—though timed bookings are still required even for free admission.
To ensure a smooth visit, reservations are essential for the palace
since timed slots were mandated in June 2020; book online via the
official site or app to guarantee entry within 30 minutes of your
selected time, avoiding disappointment during peak periods. Slots fill
quickly, so reserve early, but staff may accommodate later entry if
availability allows. No reservations are needed for the Gardens, Park,
or Trianon, giving flexibility to explore those first or last. This
system has eliminated the infamous long queues that once snaked across
the entrance plaza.
As a courtesy to fellow visitors and to maintain
the serene, immersive ambiance, refrain from using mobile phones inside
the palace rooms—conversations or notifications can disrupt the
historical immersion. Selfie sticks are banned indoors, and ongoing
maintenance often means scaffolding on parts of the facade or interiors,
as the site requires constant upkeep to preserve its splendor. Key
highlights include the breathtaking Hall of Mirrors, a 73-meter-long
gallery adorned with 357 mirrors and chandeliers where the Treaty of
Versailles was signed in 1919, the lavish King's and Queen's Grand
Apartments, the Royal Opera, and the vast Gardens with geometric
fountains, sculptures, and groves.
Don't miss the intimate
Trianon palaces, Marie Antoinette's whimsical Queen's Hamlet (a rustic
village retreat), or the free Coach Gallery displaying ornate carriages.
For families, note that strollers (pushchairs) and large bags over
55x35x25 cm are not permitted inside the palace rooms—deposit them if
needed, though left-luggage services may be limited. However, the site
offers plenty of seating for rests, family-oriented activities like
child-friendly audio tours via the free app (available in 12 languages),
and youth rates. If traveling with young kids, consider free access to
the expansive Park and Gardens, which are ideal for picnics or play
without palace restrictions. Alternative free entries to the Park
include the Queen's Gate (near Rue de la Paroisse, leading to the
Neptune Basin) or Boulevard de la Reine (adjacent to the Trianon Palace
hotel), perfect for walkers or those avoiding main crowds. Bikes and
other vehicles are prohibited in the Gardens for safety.
Practical
tips: Download the official Palace of Versailles app for interactive
maps, real-time closures, and virtual reality experiences like exploring
the Sun King's lost gardens. Arrive via train from Paris (RER C to
Versailles Château Rive Gauche, a 10-minute walk) or bus 171. Plan a
full day to wander the 800-hectare estate, and consider guided tours
(€10 extra) for exclusive access to hidden rooms. In winter, bundle up
as outdoor areas can be chilly, and check for special 2026 exhibitions
like "The Grand Dauphin (1661-1711)" running until February 15 or Native
American allies at Louis XV's court from November 2025 to May 2026. This
"must-see" destination not only captivates with its beauty but also
offers profound insights into France's monarchical era and revolutionary
turning points.
Other attractions on the palace grounds include:
The Royal Chapel. This impressive palatine-style chapel, dedicated to
Saint Louis, serves as a tribute to the king's patron saint and
ancestor, and was the fifth and final chapel built at Versailles,
completed in 1710 under Louis XIV's reign after designs by Jules
Hardouin-Mansart and finished by Robert de Cotte. Its Gothic-inspired
architecture features large glass windows, buttresses, and a vaulted
ceiling without transverse ribs, painted with scenes of the Holy Trinity
by artists like Antoine Coypel (God the Father in His Glory), Charles de
La Fosse (The Resurrection), and Jean Jouvenet (The Descent of the Holy
Ghost). The royal tribune allowed the king and family to attend daily
masses, while the organ by Clicquot, adorned with a relief of King
David, hosted renowned musicians like François Couperin, making the
chapel's music famous across Europe. The front altar, sculpted from
marble by Van Cleve and decorated with gilded bronze, adds to the
intricate detailing, and ancillary spaces like the Great Sacristy
enhance its grandeur.
The Queen's Apartments (Appartement de la
Reine). Originally designed for Louis XIV's wife, Maria Theresa, this
suite of rooms overlooks the Midi Parterre and was symmetrically laid
out to mirror the King's State Apartments, though later modifications
reduced its size. Redecorated between 1729 and 1735 with elegant white
and gold woodwork under Marie Leszczyńska, and further updated by
Marie-Antoinette with modern furniture and artworks depicting her
family, it includes key spaces like the Queen's Bedchamber—site of 19
royal births and two queens' deaths between 1682 and 1786—the Nobles’
Room for formal audiences, the Royal Table Antechamber for public meals,
and the Guard Room with 17th-century marble panelling that retained its
original decor. Visitors can tour these opulent rooms, admiring the
re-woven fabrics, Riesener furniture, and historical significance,
including the dramatic events of October 6, 1789, when rioters stormed
the Guard Room during the French Revolution.
The Musical Fountains
Show (Grandes Eaux Musicales). This enchanting event brings the gardens'
elaborate fountains to life with synchronized water displays set to
Baroque music, featuring over 55 fountains and 600 water features
activated by fountain specialists using traditional lyre keys.
Highlights include the Great Perspective with Latona's Fountain and
Apollo's Fountain running at specific intervals like 2pm to 2:30pm and
3pm to 4:15pm, alongside major basins such as Neptune's Fountain with
its 99 jets and the Dragon Fountain. Typically held every Saturday and
Sunday from early April to late October, plus Tuesdays in May and June
and select holidays like July 14 and August 15, it offers visitors a
stunning, immersive experience in the gardens' groves and paths—plan to
arrive early and wear comfortable shoes for walking.
The Potager du
Roi (King's Kitchen Garden), located on Avenue du Maréchal Joffre near
the palace. Created between 1678 and 1683 by Jean-Baptiste de La
Quintinie at Louis XIV's request, this 9-hectare garden supplied fresh
fruits and vegetables to the royal court, showcasing innovative
horticultural techniques like espaliered trees and protected
microclimates. Listed as a historical monument, it features terraced
plots, fruit walls, and over 450 varieties of produce, serving as a site
for education and innovation in gardening; today, it's managed by the
National School of Landscape Architecture and open for tours, sales of
produce, and events, providing a serene contrast to the palace's
grandeur.
The Grand Trianon (in the northwestern part of the Domain
of Versailles). Commissioned by Louis XIV in 1687 as a private retreat
from court etiquette, designed by Jules Hardouin-Mansart on the site of
the former Porcelain Trianon, this single-storey palace blends Italian
influences with pink marble, porphyry, and a Peristyle colonnade
offering views of the gardens and courtyard. Its geometrical
French-style gardens boast vast flowerbeds with aromatic plants changed
daily in Louis XIV's time, and it served as a family haven, later
restored by Napoleon for imperial use and by de Gaulle for hosting
dignitaries. Notable rooms include the Empress' Bedroom, Mirror Room,
Cotelle Gallery with paintings of Versailles groves, and the Malachite
Room with Russian gifts; visitors often leave amazed by its elegant
First Empire furnishings and tranquil setting.
The Temple of Love.
Built in 1778 by Richard Mique in neoclassical style on a small island
in the gardens of the Petit Trianon, this charming marble folly features
a circular tholos with Corinthian columns and houses a statue of Cupid
carving his bow from Hercules' club, a replica of Bouchardon's original
now in the Louvre. Visible from Marie-Antoinette's bedroom, it
symbolized romantic ideals and served as a scenic spot for the queen and
her entourage; its enchanting location amid streams and greenery makes
it a favorite for couples and history enthusiasts, evoking the era's
naturalism in garden design.
The Queen's Hamlet (Hameau de la Reine).
Constructed between 1783 and 1787 by Richard Mique as a rustic escape
for Marie-Antoinette, this faux Norman village near the Petit Trianon
includes 10 thatched buildings around a lake, blending Swiss, Flemish,
and French styles in a nod to the era's fashionable naturalism among
aristocracy. It served as a private leisure spot for the queen and her
friends, featuring structures like the Queen's House (main residence
with billiard room and salon), the Mill, Dairy, Farm with livestock, and
Guard House; though never a working farm for her, it provided a playful
contrast to the palace's formality and has been restored as a key
historical site.
The Hall of Mirrors. This iconic Baroque gallery,
built from 1678 to 1684 by Jules Hardouin-Mansart to replace an exposed
terrace, measures 73 meters long with 17 arched windows mirrored by 357
reflective panels, symbolizing France's artistic and economic prowess
under Louis XIV. Its ceiling, painted by Charles Le Brun with 30 scenes
of the king's victories and reforms, is flanked by the War Room and
Peace Room; a site of daily court life, balls, and diplomatic events
like receptions for ambassadors from Siam and Persia, it also hosted
pivotal moments such as the proclamation of the German Empire in 1871
and the signing of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919.
If you're
visiting Versailles from early June to late September, consider catching
the Fountains Night Show (Grandes Eaux Nocturnes) at 8:30pm on Saturday
evenings, a magical after-dark event featuring illuminated fountains,
Baroque music in the groves, laser effects, and a grand fireworks finale
over the Grand Canal around 10:50pm, sometimes with costumed performers
for special dates like June 7, 14, and 21. This immersive spectacle,
lasting until about 11:05pm, transforms the gardens into a fairy-tale
setting and includes optional Baroque costume rentals for an enhanced
experience.
A variety of historic structures can be found throughout the western
section of Versailles. Notable examples worth exploring include:
Hôtel de Ville. Constructed in the 19th century, this elegant town hall
stands on Avenue de Paris, approximately a 5-minute walk from either the
Château or the Versailles-Rive-Gauche train station. It has served as
the primary meeting place for the town council since 1900 and remains
open to the public for administrative visits or guided tours during
specific hours—check the official schedule for access.
Hôtel de la
Préfecture. Positioned directly across from the town hall, this building
features an impressive façade and functions as the administrative
headquarters for the Yvelines department, highlighting its role in
regional governance. Public access is generally limited due to its
official use.
Royal Stables (Academy of Equestrian Arts). Built in
the late 17th century by architect Jules Hardouin-Mansart to house the
royal horses as part of the larger Versailles complex, these stables now
host equestrian performances. If your timing aligns, attend a royal
horse show where elite-trained horses perform under the guidance of top
experts, offering a glimpse into the opulent stables that often
captivate children and adults alike.
The Coach Gallery. Housed within
the Royal Stables, this free exhibition showcases an array of ornate
carriages, sedans, and sleds from the 17th to 19th centuries, once used
by French monarchs and presidents. Highlights include detailed
decorations, harnesses, and notable vehicles like Louis XVIII's funeral
carriage, accompanied by explanatory panels and short films for context.
Cathédrale Saint-Louis. Located in the historic Quartier Saint-Louis
neighborhood, this 18th-century neoclassical cathedral serves as the
seat of the Diocese of Versailles and is named after Saint Louis (King
Louis IX). It's open daily for worship, free visits, and features
stunning architecture that reflects its religious and cultural
significance.
The Royal Tennis Court (Salle du Jeu de Paume). This
site is renowned as the location of the pivotal Tennis Court Oath on
June 20, 1789, where members of the Third Estate swore to draft a
constitution, marking a key moment in the French Revolution's onset.
Access may be limited, but it's a must-see for history enthusiasts
symbolizing revolutionary ideals.
The municipal library. Situated at
5 rue de l'Indépendance Américaine in the former Ministry of Foreign
Affairs building constructed under Louis XV, this library is where the
Treaty of Paris (1783) was signed, ending the American Revolutionary
War. Open during regular hours for public use, it occasionally hosts
open-door events allowing visitors to explore its historic cabinets and
interiors.
Église Notre-Dame, rue de la Paroisse. Originally a
medieval parish church rebuilt in later centuries under Louis XIV as
part of the new city's development, it served as the château's parish
and exemplifies homogeneous royal architectural styles. Open daily for
free visits and services, it boasts historic interiors that draw those
interested in ecclesiastical heritage.
The Musee Lambinet (Just north
of the chateau). Nestled in a charming 18th-century townhouse, this
municipal museum, founded in the 19th century, focuses on Versailles'
local history and art through collections of ceramics, sculptures,
paintings, furniture, and revolutionary-era artifacts. Ideal for fine
arts and history lovers, it's open Tuesday through Sunday with a small
admission fee; note that explanatory text is primarily in French.
Domaine de Madame Élisabeth. This serene park encompasses the
neoclassical country retreat once belonging to Madame Élisabeth, sister
of Louis XVI, and is part of the larger Trianon estate. Now functioning
as a museum on royal life, it's accessible via palace grounds tickets
and offers a peaceful glimpse into aristocratic leisure.
Paroisse
Saint Symphorien de Versailles. This quaint chapel, dedicated to Saint
Symphorien, traces its origins to 560 AD with medieval roots. Expanded
in the 18th century under Louis XV following a monk's request in 1722 to
accommodate larger services, it features classic architecture, beautiful
historical paintings, and cascading decor that enchants visitors. Open
for religious services and free visits, it's a community landmark
blending history and spirituality.
Arboretum de Chèvreloup.
Established in the 19th century by the Rothschild family as a botanical
garden, this expansive site on the edge of Versailles in Rocquencourt
boasts over 2,500 tree species amid diverse landscapes. Open daily
during the season with a modest entry fee, it's perfect for nature
lovers seeking tranquility and educational insights into arboriculture.
When planning your visit to the iconic Palace of Versailles, opting
for an audioguide tour is highly recommended to enhance your experience.
These self-paced tours are offered in multiple languages, including
English, French, Spanish, German, Italian, and more, and can be picked
up at designated reception areas throughout the palace interiors and
expansive gardens. Conveniently, the standard day pass admission fee
already covers the cost of the audioguide, making it a budget-friendly
way to delve into the rich history of the site, from the opulent Hall of
Mirrors to the lavish royal apartments. The narration often includes
fascinating anecdotes about King Louis XIV's court life and the
architectural marvels designed by André Le Nôtre.
During the warmer
summer months, the sprawling grounds come alive with a variety of
recreational options to help you explore beyond the main palace. You can
rent rowing boats on the Grand Canal for a leisurely paddle amid scenic
views, hire bicycles to pedal along tree-lined paths, or hop aboard the
charming mini-train for a guided circuit. The mini-train stands out as
the most efficient method to survey the vast 2,000-acre estate, which
features separate petit palaces like the Grand Trianon (built for Louis
XIV's retreats) and the Petit Trianon (associated with Marie
Antoinette), each requiring at least a 30- to 45-minute walk from the
central château if done on foot. The train makes strategic stops,
including along the Grand Canal where you'll find a quaint café serving
light refreshments like croissants and coffee, plus a snack kiosk for
quick bites. For those seeking more independence, electric golf carts
are available for rent at around €40 per hour (prices may vary
seasonally), allowing you to zip around the manicured lawns, fountains,
and groves at your own pace—perfect for families or groups with mobility
considerations.
To skip the notoriously long entrance queues, which
can stretch for hours during peak times, consider booking a guided tour
that provides priority access. Several reputable operators based in
Paris offer comprehensive packages that include transportation, expert
commentary on the palace's Baroque architecture and its role in French
history (such as the signing of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919), and
time to wander the grounds. Popular choices include Aeon Tours of Paris,
known for small-group experiences; Oui Paris Tours, which emphasize
cultural insights; Classic Walks, focusing on historical storytelling;
and Gray Line, a larger operator with multilingual options. If you
prefer independent travel via the RER C train from Paris (a quick
40-minute ride), head to the Versailles-Château-Rive Gauche station,
where the local Guidatours company operates right outside. They provide
affordable skip-the-line tickets starting at about €20 or fully guided
visits from €35, often with knowledgeable locals who share insider tips
on lesser-known spots like the Queen's Hamlet.
For a refreshing break
from the crowds, venture a short 10-15 minute stroll into the charming
town of Versailles itself, which offers a stark, more authentic contrast
to the tourist-heavy palace. This historic suburb feels like a typical
French provincial town, boasting picturesque 17th- and 18th-century
architecture, including the elegant Notre-Dame Church with its Baroque
facade and the Saint-Louis Cathedral, both worth a quick peek for their
stained-glass windows and serene interiors. The streets are dotted with
boutique shops selling everything from antiques to fashion. Dining-wise,
while on-site options at the château are convenient, they're often
pricier; instead, grab an affordable meal in town at a cozy café for
classic French onion soup, a patisserie for fresh éclairs or macarons,
or a sandwich shop for baguettes with artisanal fillings. For a
memorable al fresco experience, assemble a picnic by visiting local
épiceries (grocery stores) for staples like crusty bread, cured meats
such as jambon, an assortment of cheeses (try Comté or Brie), and a
bottle of inexpensive Bordeaux wine—then head back to the château's lake
or gardens for a relaxed spread under the sun, perhaps near the Apollo
Fountain for added ambiance.
If personalized exploration appeals to
you, research private tours tailored to your interests. Numerous online
platforms, such as Viator or GetYourGuide, list vetted companies
offering bespoke itineraries that might include behind-the-scenes access
to restricted areas, themed focuses on art or gardens, or even
family-friendly adaptations. These tours provide an intimate
introduction to Versailles' cultural heritage, from its UNESCO World
Heritage status to its influence on modern landscaping.
For an
adventurous twist, consider a private scooter tour departing from Paris,
such as those offered by 2 Wheel Tours. This unique experience combines
eco-friendly electric scooter rides through scenic routes to Versailles
with a guided castle visit and the freedom to cruise inside the park's
pathways, spotting hidden gems like the Orangerie or bosquets (groves)
up close—ideal for thrill-seekers or those wanting to cover more ground
effortlessly.
Shopping enthusiasts will find plenty to enjoy in
Versailles. Inside the palace, the official gift shop stocks
high-quality replicas of royal artifacts, books on French history, and
themed souvenirs like porcelain figurines inspired by the court's
extravagance. Additional kiosks outside sell postcards, magnets, and
trinkets. For broader retail therapy, explore the city center's vibrant
districts, particularly along Boulevard de la Reine for upscale
boutiques, Rue des Chantiers for local crafts and home goods, Rue du
Maréchal Foch for fashion and accessories, and Rue du Maréchal Joffre
for specialty food shops offering gourmet chocolates or teas. These
areas buzz with a mix of independent stores and chains, providing a
chance to pick up unique French items like scarves or perfumes.
Finally, if you're in the mood for downtime after a day of sightseeing,
unwind at the Cinema Cyrano, a beloved local theater in the heart of
town. It screens a diverse lineup of films, from blockbuster movies and
indie features to special events like film festivals or live broadcasts.
Ticket prices are reasonable, typically around €8-10, with discounts for
students (bring ID), seniors over 65, and during happy hour slots in the
evenings. It's a welcoming spot for solo travelers, couples, or
families, complete with comfortable seating and concessions like popcorn
and sodas, offering a cozy escape into cinematic entertainment.
The most straightforward method to visit the Palace of Versailles
while minimizing wait times is to purchase tickets online through the
official Château de Versailles website and reserve a timed entry slot
for the palace itself. Options include the Palace Ticket (€21), which
provides access to the main palace areas such as the Royal Chapel, Opera
House, King's and Queen's State Apartments, Dauphin's Apartments, and
the apartments of the Mesdames (Louis XV's daughters), along with an
audio guide, temporary exhibitions, the Gallery of Coaches (open on
weekends), the Royal Tennis Court, the gardens from November to March,
and the expansive park. Alternatively, the Passport Ticket (€25 for
non-European Economic Area visitors or €22 for EEA citizens/residents)
encompasses everything in the Palace Ticket plus the Trianon palaces
(including the Grand Trianon, Petit Trianon, and Queen's Hamlet), the
full estate, and entry to the Musical Gardens or Musical Fountains Shows
when they're scheduled (typically from April to October, with gardens
open from 8 a.m. and Trianon from noon). Both tickets allow entry within
30 minutes of your booked time slot to help manage crowds, and advance
online booking is highly recommended to guarantee access, especially
during peak seasons like summer when the site attracts over 10 million
visitors annually. Note that the Gallery of Coaches is included with
these tickets on weekends but isn't accessible for free otherwise, and
temporary exhibitions are covered in both options. Free admission
applies to those under 18 (worldwide) or under 26 who are EEA residents,
and audio guides are available in multiple languages for enhanced
self-guided exploration.
That said, another convenient approach is to
travel by train directly to Versailles and purchase individual tickets
for specific attractions upon arrival—this can be ideal if you're
focusing on particular highlights, such as the opulent Hall of Mirrors
or the vast gardens spanning 800 hectares with fountains, sculptures,
and groves designed by André Le Nôtre, or if you prefer a more flexible
itinerary without committing to a full estate pass upfront.
By
Train
Versailles features three primary train stations: Versailles
Château Rive Gauche (the closest at about a 10-minute walk to the palace
entrance, making it the most popular choice), Versailles Rive Droite
(roughly 15 minutes on foot through pleasant residential areas), and
Versailles Chantiers (around 15-20 minutes' walk, or 1.5 km, though the
route is less scenic and buses are available if needed).
From
Paris Montparnasse Station: Opt for the Transilien N line or TER
Centre-Val de Loire trains to Versailles Chantiers (approximately
€3.55-€4 one way, with journeys lasting 12-25 minutes depending on
stops; trains run every 15 minutes for the slower option or hourly for
the express). The walk from Chantiers isn't the most enjoyable, but if
your train stops at Viroflay Rive Gauche en route, you could switch to
an RER C train to reach Versailles Château Rive Gauche instead for added
convenience.
From Central Paris (via RER C): Take the RER C line
toward Versailles Château Rive Gauche (look for trains coded VICK or
VITY; fare around €3.55-€4 one way). This is often the quickest route
from key spots in Paris, taking about 37 minutes from
Saint-Michel–Notre-Dame or 26 minutes from Champ de Mars–Tour Eiffel.
Exit at Versailles Château Rive Gauche—avoid confusing it with Viroflay
Rive Gauche, an earlier stop. For the Chantiers station alternative, use
RER C7 toward Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (codes SARA or SLOM), but steer
clear of lines terminating at Versailles-Chantiers via the longer
suburban loop (codes CIME or CITY), as they add unnecessary time
circling southern Paris suburbs.
From Paris Saint-Lazare Station:
Board the Transilien L line to Versailles Rive Droite (fare
approximately €4.35-€5 one way, with a 33-minute ride that passes
through notable areas like La Défense, offering a chance for a quick
stop if desired). The walk from this station is generally enjoyable,
winding through charming streets.
Versailles falls within public
transport Zone 4 of the Île-de-France network (though many passes now
cover up to Zone 5 as of 2025 updates), so travel cards like Navigo,
Mobilis, Paris Visite, or Ticket Jeune that include Zone 4 (or higher)
are valid for these trains. Standard t+ Metro tickets aren't accepted
for the full journey, so buy a dedicated origin-destination ticket
(e.g., Paris to Versailles). Your train ticket can also cover connecting
Metro or RER rides within Paris to reach the departure station, and vice
versa on the return—handy for seamless transfers. For added ease,
consider downloading the SNCF Connect or Île-de-France Mobilités apps
for real-time schedules, as frequencies increase during tourist peaks,
and always validate your ticket before boarding to avoid fines.
By Bus
Bus route 171 connects Pont de Sèvres—the endpoint of Paris
Métro line 9—directly with Versailles. From the bus station to the
Château, expect the trip to last roughly 30 minutes under normal traffic
conditions. This method tends to be a bit more budget-friendly than the
train, though it can be slower due to potential road delays. A standard
t+ ticket (the usual Métro/bus fare) works for the bus portion, but
you'll need an additional ticket if transferring from the Métro. Buses
operate frequently, starting as early as 5:50 a.m. and running until
around 12:50 a.m., making it a reliable public transport choice.
By Bike
Cycling from Paris to Versailles offers a delightful and
picturesque journey, winding through scenic spots like the Bois de
Boulogne and Parc de Saint-Cloud. That said, pairing it with a thorough
exploration of the palace could prove quite fatiguing, given the one-way
distance of about 25-35 km (with a round trip reaching 45-60 km) and
some moderate hills involving around 200 meters of elevation gain. Plan
for 1.5 to 2 hours each way, depending on your pace and fitness
level—routes like the signposted Veloscenic path make navigation
straightforward and enjoyable for experienced riders.
By Private
Driver or Taxi
If you're prioritizing ease and luxury, hiring a taxi
or booking a private car service (known as VTC in France) is an
outstanding option. It delivers seamless door-to-door transport, making
it especially suitable for small parties, families, or anyone with
mobility limitations. Travel time generally ranges from 30 to 60
minutes, influenced by Paris traffic. Opting for a pre-booked VTC
provides the advantage of a set, inclusive rate, sparing you from
escalating meter charges during peak hours or jams. Choice Queen VTC
stands out as a top recommendation for reliable service.
The central area of Versailles is quite pedestrian-friendly and can
be easily explored on foot, though an extensive bus system operated by
the Phébus network provides convenient coverage throughout the city and
surrounding areas, including routes to key sites like the Palace and
train stations. As of 2026, following the discontinuation of the older
t+ tickets, standard Bus-Tram tickets—priced at €2 for a single journey
and identical to those used for buses and trams in Paris—are valid on
Versailles city buses, allowing unlimited transfers within a 90-minute
window. These can be purchased at stations, via apps, or loaded onto a
Navigo card for added convenience.
Upon entering the Palace of
Versailles grounds, which span over 800 hectares of gardens, fountains,
and pathways, visitors have the option to rent bicycles or
battery-powered golf carts (also known as small electric vehicles) to
cover more territory comfortably, especially useful for families or
those with mobility needs.
Bike rentals are primarily available at
the Little Venice hire point along the Grand Canal in the park, with
extra locations at the Saint Anthony Gate and Queen's Gate on weekends
and public holidays. Rates for a regular bike start at €8 for 30 minutes
or €10 per hour, with additional fees of €2.50 for every extra 15
minutes; half-day (4 hours) and full-day (8 hours) options are €21 and
€23, respectively. Electric bikes or tandems cost €16 per hour, and
discounts apply for subscribers (30% off) or disabled visitors (40%
off). Rentals operate daily from 10am, with closing times varying
seasonally—up to 6:45pm from April to October—and require a valid ID as
deposit; group bookings for 20+ bikes need advance reservations.
Golf
cart rentals, which seat up to 4 adults (or 5 including children) and
include an audioguide in multiple languages (such as English, French,
Spanish, and more), can be found at two spots: the Water Parterre South
Terrace near the Palace or near the Little Venice bike area. Pricing is
€42 per hour, plus €10.50 for each additional 15 minutes, with similar
discounts for disabled individuals and subscribers. They open daily at
10am and close at 5pm (last departure at 4pm), though access via Little
Venice is unavailable from mid-November to mid-February. Drivers must be
at least 24 years old, present an original driver's license as deposit,
and note that six vehicles are wheelchair-accessible; groups of 5+ carts
require morning bookings between 10am and noon.
While exploring the charming town of Versailles, you'll discover a
wealth of excellent dining spots to satisfy any craving. However, once
you've entered the expansive palace grounds, it's much more practical to
dine on-site—avoiding the hassle of trekking back into town and then
returning, which could eat into your precious time admiring the opulent
interiors and manicured landscapes. On pleasant, sunny days, the vast
gardens provide an idyllic setting for a leisurely picnic, perhaps with
fresh items sourced from local markets.
Several upscale and casual
eateries are scattered throughout the Château and its surroundings.
Inside the palace itself, the elegant Ore restaurant, overseen by
renowned chef Alain Ducasse, offers sophisticated French cuisine on the
first floor, accessible via the Royal Courtyard—expect refined dishes
like seasonal tasting menus with prices starting around €50 for lunch.
Nearby, the Angelina restaurant, famous for its decadent hot chocolate
and pastries, is situated close to the Battles Gallery on the same
level, providing a sweet respite with items like Mont-Blanc desserts.
For a more budget-friendly option, the Grand Café d'Orléans on the
ground floor near the Royal Courtyard serves classic café fare such as
salads, sandwiches, and coffee in a historic ambiance.
Venturing into
the formal gardens, you'll find relaxed venues like La Flottille and La
Petite Venise, both nestled at the Petite Venise area along the Grand
Canal (simply stroll straight back from the Château to the canal's head,
then turn right). These spots specialize in casual French
brasserie-style meals, including fresh seafood, grilled meats, and light
bites, with outdoor seating overlooking the water—ideal for a scenic
lunch around €20-€30 per person. Scattered throughout the gardens are
convenient kiosks offering quick snacks and fast food, particularly in
the Bosquet du Dauphin and Bosquet de la Girandole areas, perfect for
grab-and-go items like crepes or ice cream. Additionally, the Angelina
Terrace near the Petit Trianon provides terrace seating for teas, cakes,
and light refreshments amid the serene estate.
Beyond the palace
walls, the town boasts delightful alternatives that blend innovation,
tradition, and international flavors. The Monument Café, located steps
from the Château and the Cathedral, features an all-you-can-eat buffet
with French specialties like escargot, roasted meats, fresh salads, and
desserts, all in a modern setting enhanced by high-tech virtual tours of
Versailles and optional guided wine tastings—pricing is around €25-€35
for the buffet, making it a great value for groups.
Though Le Resto
du Roy has unfortunately closed its doors, a similar quaint bistro
experience can be found at spots like Le Mets du Roi, where you can
savor authentic French delicacies such as foie gras, coq au vin, or more
approachable options like seared scallops and herb-roasted salmon, in a
cozy atmosphere with high ratings for its flavorful, home-style cooking.
Versailles is dotted with numerous boulangeries (bakeries) that double
as quick-service hubs during lunch hours, especially in the town center.
Here, you can pick up freshly baked baguettes, artisanal pizzas, gourmet
sandwiches, quiches, and pastries for an affordable, on-the-go
meal—often under €10—allowing you to refuel efficiently without
sacrificing quality.
For a truly immersive French outing, head to the
vibrant Place du Marché Notre-Dame, the bustling main market square.
This open-air haven bursts with the freshest seasonal produce, including
vibrant vegetables, artisanal cheeses, succulent meats, seafood, fruits,
wood-fired pizzas, and more, all sourced from local vendors. The market
operates on Tuesday, Friday, and Sunday mornings, typically from 7 a.m.
until around 1-2 p.m., with Sundays being the most lively and crowded
day; the indoor Halles Notre-Dame extends hours Tuesday through Saturday
until 7:30 p.m. and Sunday until 2 p.m. Surrounding the square are
sit-down restaurants where you can enjoy market-fresh meals in an al
fresco setting.
If you're craving familiar comforts, the Broadway
Café—affectionately dubbed the "American Café" for its stars-and-stripes
decor—serves up hearty portions of burgers, lasagna, pizzas, salads, and
sandwiches with a subtle French influence, in a laid-back vibe that's
welcoming for tourists; reviews highlight its reasonable prices (around
€15-€20 per dish) and generous servings.
For even more elevated
options in town, consider Michelin-recommended spots like La Table du 11
for contemporary French fusion or Gordon Ramsay au Trianon for bold,
international-inspired fine dining with matured meats and seasonal
ingredients—reservations are advised, especially near the palace.
While Versailles isn't renowned as a top partying destination, it's
surprisingly straightforward to connect with residents and enjoy a
relaxed social scene, especially given its proximity to Paris for those
seeking more vibrant options.
One key hotspot is the lively cluster
of bars and restaurants around Place du Marché, situated at the
intersection of Rue de la Paroisse and Rue du Maréchal Foch. This area
draws a youthful crowd for evening outings, with popular spots like Les
Caves du Roi Soleil, an atmospheric music bar set in historic wine
cellars beneath the Marché Notre-Dame, offering live performances and a
unique underground vibe. During warmer months, outdoor terrace seating
abounds, perfect for people-watching or casual drinks under the stars.
Venturing into the pedestrian-friendly alleys branching off from the
square can uncover hidden gems, such as quaint eateries serving
traditional French cuisine or lesser-known bistros with seasonal menus
featuring local produce from the market itself.
A standout favorite
among local young people is O'Paris, an Irish pub located on Avenue de
Saint-Cloud (at 15 Rue Colbert), just steps from the Château de
Versailles' Place d'Armes—look for it on the right when facing the
palace. Established nearly three decades ago, it fuses French and Irish
influences with a welcoming atmosphere, boasting an extensive selection
of beers, whiskeys, and cocktails. Sports enthusiasts appreciate the
frequent broadcasts of events on big screens inside, while happy hours
make it a budget-friendly choice for groups. When the weather permits,
outdoor tables provide a scenic spot to sip drinks with views toward the
iconic château grounds. For variety, nearby alternatives include the
Bulldog Bar for craft beers or L'Equilibre for wine and tapas in a cozy
setting.
Huttopia Versailles
Nestled in a serene forested setting, Huttopia
Versailles provides an ideal retreat for nature lovers, situated just a
short distance from the RER train station for seamless access to Paris
and the Palace of Versailles. This 3-star campsite boasts a heated
indoor swimming pool, along with a variety of rental options such as
cozy cottages, glamping tents, and even wood-stove-equipped units for
added comfort during cooler months. Amenities include clean showers and
toilets, picnic areas, laundry services, and Wi-Fi for a modest charge.
Guests often highlight the family-friendly vibe, shaded pitches, and
on-site cafe-bar serving pizzas, charcuterie boards, crepes, and other
casual fare. The site's proximity to cycling paths leading to Versailles
Palace adds to its appeal, with reviewers praising the quiet atmosphere,
attentive staff, and overall value for a relaxing stay close to urban
attractions.
Contact Hotel Bleu France Eragny
Situated at Rue
des Pinsons in Eragny (near Cergy Pontoise along the N184 route toward
Versailles), this 3-star hotel offers 42 well-appointed rooms complete
with flat-screen TVs featuring Canal+ channels, double USB sockets,
reading lights, and an on-site restaurant serving French cuisine.
Check-in begins at 13:00, with check-out by 11:00. Room rates typically
fall between €55 and €71, though guests can enjoy complimentary Wi-Fi
and private parking. Travelers commend the friendly personnel, clean
accommodations, and convenient location near a train station, making it
a solid choice for budget-conscious visitors. However, some note
occasional issues with noise from hallways or inconsistent heating,
balanced by the hotel's sun terrace and shared lounge areas for
relaxation.
Logis Hôtel La Chaumière Les Mureaux
Found at 1
bis Rue des Pléiades in Les Mureaux (accessible near Exit 8 of the A13
highway en route to Versailles), this 2-star Logis de France hotel
includes a restaurant and comfortable rooms, with rates ranging from €61
to €65. Check-in is from 13:00, and check-out is at 11:00. Guests
benefit from free Wi-Fi, complimentary parking, and a garden terrace for
unwinding. Reviews emphasize the welcoming staff, clean and basic yet
comfortable setups, and quality meals, though some mention the dated
decor. Its proximity to local attractions like Emile Zola's house makes
it a practical stop for those exploring the region.
Hotel Les
Jardins d'Epône
Positioned at 220 Avenue de la Mauldre in Epône
(close to Exit 10 of the A13 toward Versailles), this charming hotel
features an inviting restaurant and rooms priced between €59 and €61.
Check-in starts at 13:00, with check-out by 11:00. Highlights include
free Wi-Fi, a rooftop terrace, bar/lounge, and a buffet breakfast with
traditional French dishes paired with regional wines from Burgundy and
Alsace. Visitors rave about the modern, bright decor in soft grays and
reds, excellent breakfast variety, and clean facilities, noting its
quiet location near the train station as a bonus for easy travel.
Hôtel Mercure Versailles Parly 2
Located on Rue de Marly-le-Roi,
this hotel can be reached via phone at +33 1 39551141 or email at
info@hotelparly2.com (note: the fax number appears outdated or incorrect
in some listings). Recently refurbished, it offers modern rooms with
free Wi-Fi, a 24-hour reception, concierge services, and secure parking.
Guests appreciate its prime spot opposite the Westfield Parly 2 shopping
mall and near Versailles, with friendly staff and quiet accommodations
earning high marks. Reviews highlight the value for money, clean
environment, and convenient amenities like a bar open in the evenings,
though breakfast is available but not included. Overall ratings often
exceed 8/10, praising the refurbished facilities and helpful reception.
ibis Château de Versailles Hotel
Centrally located in Versailles,
this hotel provides 85 air-conditioned rooms, including three adapted
for guests with disabilities, along with a 24-hour bar, free parking,
and Wi-Fi access. Just steps from the Palace of Versailles, it offers
snacks and drinks around the clock. Travelers value the friendly staff,
prime location near restaurants and the train station, and comfortable
beds, though some mention compact rooms and basic showers. Breakfast is
well-regarded, and the hotel's proximity to key sights like the château
makes it a popular choice, with overall ratings around 8/10 for
cleanliness and convenience.
Pullman Versailles Château (now Le
Louis Versailles Château - MGallery)
This upscale hotel in central
Versailles features a swimming pool, the LM Café restaurant specializing
in Mediterranean cuisine, 24-hour room service, complimentary internet,
a bar, and a round-the-clock fitness center with sauna. Guests enjoy
luxurious rooms with elegant decor, spacious setups, and attentive
service, often noting the comfortable beds and excellent breakfast
buffet (around €37). Its walking distance to the Palace, market square,
and metro adds convenience, with high ratings for the gym, wellness
area, and overall prestige—frequently scoring 9/10 or higher for luxury
and location.
Hôtel La Résidence du Berry
Blending historic
charm with contemporary luxury, this boutique hotel is just a 5-minute
walk from the Parc de Versailles, offering an authentic old-century
ambiance alongside modern amenities like free Wi-Fi, a bar with games
and billiards, and a garden terrace. Rooms are spacious and spotless,
with heaters for comfort. Reviewers love the friendly, helpful staff,
quiet yet central location near cafés and the palace, and features like
a pool table for evening relaxation. High ratings (around 8-9/10)
emphasize cleanliness, value, and the welcoming atmosphere, making it a
top pick for those seeking character without sacrificing convenience.
Chambres de la Marina
An independent hotel at 5 Rue Saint Fiacre
in Les Mureaux (near Exit 8 of the A13 toward Versailles), Chambres de
la Marina provides private parking, high-end bedding, spacious rooms
with tasteful decor, and a focus on comfort and cleanliness. Minimum
stay is 2 nights at €130, with amenities including a fitness area,
coworking space, sun terrace, garden, shared kitchen, and free Wi-Fi.
Guests praise the cozy, well-equipped rooms with memory foam mattresses,
friendly owner service, and quiet location near a bakery and the city
center—about an hour from Paris by train or car. Reviews highlight the
spotless environment and helpful 24-hour front desk, earning strong
feedback for its B&B-style warmth and practicality.
The origins
The site of Versailles was probably not inhabited
in prehistoric times since no archaeological remains have been found
there. However, as the land was greatly disturbed during the
construction of the castle and the development of the park, some
traces may have been destroyed. In the immediate vicinity, covered
alleys from the Neolithic period, belonging to the
“Seine-et-Marne-Oise” civilization, were found in L'Étang-la-Ville
and Marly-le-Roi.
In Gallo-Roman times, the site was on the
route from Paris to Normandy via Villepreux and Neauphle-le-Château.
The first mention of Versailles is cited in a charter, dated the
year 1038, of the abbey of Saint-Père de Chartres in which the name
of a local lord, a certain Hugues de Versailles (Hugo de Versalliis)
is mentioned. . He would be the first known lord of Versailles.
A second allusion appears in 1065 in an act by which a certain
Geoffroy de Gometz founded on that date the priory of Bazainville,
not far from Houdan, which he gave to the abbey of Marmoutier in
Tours. To ensure regular and sufficient resources, he granted him
several lands and privileges, with in particular “three prebends at
Versailles, one of which is in domino”. From these three canonical
prebends, we can hypothesize that that in domino came under the lord
of Versailles, the other two from the Touraine abbey. The village of
Versailles would therefore have been born around the middle of the
eleventh century from a double seigniorial and religious initiative.
In the feudal system of medieval France, the lords of Versailles
were directly subordinated to the king, with no overlord between
them and the king. They were not very important then.
By the
end of the eleventh century, the first village had been established
near a medieval manor house and around the Saint-Julien church. The
parish of Saint-Julien de Versailles is mentioned in a charter of
1084. Its agricultural activity and its position on the road from
Paris to Dreux and Normandy made it a prosperous village, especially
during the thirteenth century known as the "century of Saint Louis
”, which was a period of prosperity in the north of France, marked
by the construction of Gothic cathedrals.
The fourteenth
century brought the Black Death and the Hundred Years' War, with
their processions of death and destruction. At the end of the
Hundred Years War in the 15th century, the village began to rebuild
itself with a population of only 100. At that time two other
villages existed in the territory of the current commune:
Choisy-aux-Bœufs and Trianon. They subsequently disappeared into the
castle grounds. The name of Choisy-aux-Bœufs recalls that this
village was on the path by which the herds of oxen coming from
Normandy were taken to Paris.
In the fourteenth century,
Gilles de Versailles held the office of the king's bailiff.
In 1561, Martial de Loménie, Secretary of State for Finance to King
Charles IX, became sole lord of Versailles. He obtained permission
to establish four annual fairs and a weekly Thursday market. The
population of Versailles then reached 500 inhabitants. Castle and
land hardly resembled what they later became under Louis XIV. They
nevertheless aroused the jealousy and greed of the family of Retz.
On April 6, 1571, Martial, prosecuted under the guise of
Protestantism, in fact, because of his attachment to the young Henry
IV and his family, was deprived of his charges by arrest and
imprisoned. The Duke of Retz Albert de Gondi, originally from
Florence, arrived in France with Catherine de Medici (who later
became Marshal de Retz), went to find him in his prison. During a
dramatic scene, "using atrocious threats", he made her sign the sale
at a low price of the Lordship of Versailles for his benefit.
Martial was nonetheless slaughtered in his prison on
Saint-Barthélémy Day (August 24, 1572). From then on, Versailles was
the property of the Gondi, a family of rich and influential jurists
in the Parliament of Paris. Albert’s grandson, Henri de Gondi, who
became cardinal, received King Henry IV on several occasions in his
mansion in Versailles. In the 1610s, the Gondi several times invited
the young king Louis XIII to hunting parties in the vast forests of
Versailles.
The time of kings
Under Louis XIII
In 1623, King Louis XIII
had a hunting lodge built on land of one hundred and seventeen
arpents (or about 350 hectares) bought from various owners.
On April 8, 1632, Louis XIII bought the entire seigneury of
Versailles from his last lord, Jean-François de Gondi, Archbishop of
Paris for the sum of 66,000 pounds. It is the decisive turning point
in the installation of royalty in Versailles. That same year, he
appointed his valet de chambre, Arnault, as governor of Versailles,
whose function was to administer the domain, that is to say both the
city and the castle.
In 1634, the work entrusted to the
architect Philibert Le Roy was completed. The first manor house was
rebuilt and extended on site in the “Louis XIII” style.
When
the king died in 1643, the village of Versailles had changed little.
Under Louis XIV
To promote the construction of the city, King
Louis XIV took two important decisions, on May 22, 1671, by donating
building land against the commitment to build and the payment of a
fee, modest, of five sols per acre and on November 24, 1672 by
making the buildings built elusive.
In 1673, it was decided
to destroy the old village of Versailles. A new Saint-Julien church,
intended to replace that of the old village, was built in 1681-1682
near the new cemetery of Ville Neuve. From 1684, work began on the
construction of the new Notre-Dame church intended to replace it.
Located in the axis of rue Dauphine, it was consecrated in 1686 and
became the royal parish of Versailles.
In 1682, the Small
Stable and the Large Stable were completed, intended to house saddle
horses and royal coaches. Built by Jules-Hardouin Mansart, on both
sides of the avenue de Paris, they complete the Place d'Armes
opposite the castle.
In 1694, representatives of the
inhabitants, the quaterniers, were elected for the first time,
headed by a syndic.
In 1713, the privilege of exemption from
seizure of buildings established in 1672 was revoked to put an end
to abuses.
With the installation of King Louis XIV and his
court on May 6, 1682, the small city will experience a flamboyant
destiny during the latter's reign with a population of about 30,000
inhabitants at his death and will continue to grow under his rule.
successors until reaching 50,000 souls when the Revolution arrives.
Under Louis XV
When Louis XIV died on September 1, 1715, the
regent Philippe d'Orléans decided to transfer the Court to Paris.
Then began a phase of decline for the city which saw its population
rapidly halving: the real estate market collapsed.
The
situation was restored seven years later, on June 15, 1722, with the
return of King Louis XV, then aged twelve.
In 1737, the
Clagny pond, located north of Ville Neuve and which had then become
a cesspool receiving all the sewers, was filled in and made it
possible to recover twenty-four hectares immediately open to
construction.
In 1740, a riot took place in the flour store
in the Ville Neuve market, known as the “Weight the King”. In a
context of bad harvest, the Versaillaises, wanting to oppose the
removal of flour by Parisian bakers, were repressed by the Swiss
guards.
In 1743, under the direction of Jacques
Hardouin-Mansart de Sagonne, began the construction of the
Saint-Louis church which was completed nine years later, and
contributed with the creation of the "Carrés Saint-Louis" market. to
the urbanization of the Saint-Louis district.
In 1759, to
accommodate the services of the State, in particular the Ministries
of Foreign Affairs and War, the king had the architect Jean-Baptiste
Berthier built, on the one hand, the Hôtel de la Marine et des
Affaires foreign affairs and, on the other hand, that of War. Many
mansions were also built at this time.
Under Louis XVI
On
November 18, 1777, the Versailles theater, one of the oldest in
France, was inaugurated on rue des Reservoirs, on the initiative of
Miss Montansier.
One of the first hot-air balloon flights
took place in Versailles on September 19, 1783. A balloon, prepared
by Étienne de Montgolfier, carrying a sheep, a rooster and a duck,
rose from the place of the castle to rest three kilometers further.
In 1787, the suburb of Montreuil was annexed to Versailles, both
for fiscal reasons and to improve public security by extending the
scope of the police.
The first municipality of Versailles,
created by ordinance of Louis XVI, met for the first time on January
4, 1788. It comprised thirty-two elected officials, under the
direction of the trustee, Marc-Antoine Thierry, baron of
Ville-d'Avray , the king's first valet. Its main mission was to vote
for the city budget. The police remained the prerogative of the
bailiff.
French Revolution
Seat of political power, Versailles
naturally became the cradle of the French Revolution. The States
General met in Versailles on May 5, 1789 at the Hôtel des Menus
Plaisirs and on June 17, 1789, on the proposal of Father Sieyès,
they took the title of "National Assembly". The king having closed
the Hôtel des Menus Plaisirs, the members of the Third Estate
occupied the Jeu de Paume room on June 20, 1789, where they took the
famous oath. After the storming of the Bastille, the first nobles to
emigrate, including the Comte d'Artois, future Charles X, brother of
Louis XVI, left Versailles. The Constituent Assembly abolished
feudalism and all privileges - in particular those of "class" and
"corporation" - on August 4, 1789, and drew up the declaration of
human rights between July 9 and August 26 of the same year. Finally,
on October 5 and 6, 1789, a crowd from Paris invaded the castle and
forced the royal family to return to Paris. Shortly afterwards, the
Constituent Assembly followed the king to Paris and Versailles's
role as capital came to an end.
At the time of the
Revolution, the town had proposed to the Convention to rename
Versailles in "Cradle-of-Liberty", but had to retract in the face of
the reluctance of a large part of the population.
The city
subsequently lost a good part of its inhabitants. From 50,000, the
population dropped to 28,000 in 1824.
On February 8, 1791,
the city elected its first mayor, Jean-François Coste. On September
9, 1792, prisoners of Orleans who were to be taken to Paris were
massacred by rioters from outside the city, despite the courageous
behavior of the new mayor Hyacinthe Richaud.
The castle,
stripped of its furniture and ornaments during the Revolution, was
abandoned. However, it is not destroyed. Under the Directory, a
special museum of the French School was set up there. Napoleon
stayed there briefly, spending only one night, before abandoning it
for good.
nineteenth century
On January 3, 1805, Pope Pius
VII, who came to Paris to crown Napoleon, was invited to Versailles.
He was received by the first bishop of Versailles, Mgr Charrier de
la Roche, at Saint-Louis cathedral and then blessed the crowd
gathered in front of the castle.
On March 31, 1814, the
Prussian army occupied the city.
On July 1, 1815, General
Exelmans' cavalry met at Vélizy a Prussian vanguard made up of two
regiments of hussars which were overthrown. The routed Prussians
fled by Versailles and crossing the city, at a gallop, by the
boulevard du Roi, the rue des Reservoirs, the place d'Armes, the
avenue de Paris, the rue des Chantiers, seeking to reach Saint
-Germain-en-Laye, attacked by the French cavalry assisted by the
local national guards acting as skirmishers at the Saint-Antoine
gate, they fell into an ambush at Rocquencourt. The next day, July
2, Blücher militarily occupied Versailles, ordered the inhabitants
to surrender all their weapons and, when no one was able to defend
themselves or take revenge, he ordered looting. A large number of
houses were destroyed and of the weapons factory only the walls
remained. The villages of Rocquencourt, Chesnay and Vélizy suffered
the same fate.
They remained in Versailles until October 12,
1815, when they were replaced by the English who left definitively
on December 12 of the same year.
On June 10, 1837, the French
King Louis-Philippe, inaugurated in the castle, the Museum of French
History, a museum of paintings and sculptures dedicated to the
"Glories of France".
In 1839 and 1840, the “right bank” and
“left bank (castle)” railways were put into service which connect
the city to Paris, respectively, to the Saint-Lazare station and the
Montparnasse station.
In 1858, a new hydraulic machine,
capable of raising 20,000 m3 per day, due to the engineer Dufrayer,
replaced the Marly machine.
The importance of this large city
will therefore decline, while it is abandoned by the power. This
decline will cease after 1871, following the insurrection of the
Paris Commune, when the government of Thiers moved to Versailles, a
situation which lasted until 1879.
The city was again occupied by Prussian troops from September 19,
1870, while Paris was besieged. The occupation will last 174 days
until March 12, 1871. Versailles had to face heavy requisitions.
Opposing excessive demands, the mayor, Charles-Victor
Chevrey-Rameau, and three of his advisers were imprisoned on
December 31, 1870 and released on January 6 after the merchants had
paid the ransom. King William I of Prussia settled in the Palace of
Versailles and was proclaimed Emperor of Germany on January 18, 1871
in the Hall of Mirrors.
At the start of the Paris Commune,
the government of Thiers fled the Parisian uprising of March 18 and
moved to Versailles, followed by a crowd of Parisians whose number
was estimated at more than 70,000 by the mayor while the city did
not had only 44,000 inhabitants in the 1866 census. From July 1871,
several thousand Communards, taken prisoner by the "Versailles"
troops of Marshal Mac-Mahon, were detained - in extremely summary
conditions - in various places of Versailles - the
Conciergerie and the Satory camp in particular - where Louise Michel
was imprisoned and where twenty-five Communards were shot, including
Colonel Louis Rossel and the Blanquist activist Théophile Ferré.
Louise Michel declared during her trial:
"What I am asking from
you who give yourselves as my judges is the field of Satory where
our brothers fell ..."
A hemicycle was built in 1875 in the
south wing of the castle to accommodate the Chamber of Deputies
while the Senate sat at the Opera. The two chambers voted on June
19, 1879 to transfer them to Paris.
In the second half of the
nineteenth century, the Jewish community of Versailles lived a great
page with Mahir Charleville, chief rabbi of Versailles, the
development was deeply marked by a certain modernism. In particular,
he inaugurated the temple in rue Albert Joly, donated by Cécile
Furtado-Heine and the Versailles community at the dawn of the new
century.
In 1897, Alfred Le Chatelier opened a stoneware and
porcelain ceramic factory in Glatigny, a still isolated district of
the city; this workshop produced remarkable pieces until 1902.
At the end of the century, Versailles was evolving like a
provincial town with all the pomp of an important tourist town.
Twentieth century
It was not until 1901 that Versailles
regained its population level of 1790, with 54,982 inhabitants in
the 1901 census.
In 1919, at the end of the First World War,
Versailles was once again in the spotlight when the various treaties
ending the war were negotiated and signed in the castle itself or at
the Grand Trianon; in particular, on June 28, 1919, the signing of
the Treaty of Versailles took place in the Hall of Mirrors of the
castle.
In the years 1923-1932, an American industrialist,
John D. Rockefeller, made donations totaling 23 million dollars
which greatly contributed to the restoration of the castle and the
park, in particular the repair of the roofs.
In 1932, took
place the inauguration of the Chantiers station by Raoul Dautry.
During the Second World War, Versailles was occupied by German
troops from June 14, 1940 to August 24, 1944, the date of entry of
the first armored vehicles of the 2nd Armored Division under General
Leclerc. It was subjected, in particular in February and June 1944,
to major bombardments targeting the Chantiers station and the Satory
camp, which claimed more than 300 victims.
Two facts marked
the Resistance in Versailles. On August 27, 1941, during a ceremony
in the Borgnis-Desbordes barracks (in which the Legion of French
Volunteers against Bolshevism was located), young Paul Collette
attempted to kill Pierre Laval and Marcel Déat by firing five
revolver bullets . This event had no political consequences. On May
13, 1944, young Versaillais set fire to the census file in the STO
services, place Hoche. Afterwards arrested on denunciation, they
died in deportation.
On March 3, 1957, the Versailles
Tramways network was closed and replaced by buses. The same year was
completed after six years of work the restoration of the Royal
Opera, which also serves as the assembly of the Senate.
On
February 25, 1965, a decree fixed Versailles as the capital of the
new Yvelines department, officially created on January 1, 1968 in
application of Law No. 64-707 of July 10, 1964 on the reorganization
of the Paris region.
In 1966, the restoration and new furnishings of the Grand Trianon
castle, at the instigation of André Malraux, Minister of Culture,
was completed. The Grand Trianon is both museum and residence of the
official hosts of France.
From June 4 to 6, 1982, the 8th
meeting of the G7 known as the Versailles Summit was held at the
château.
On February 17 and 19, 1986, the first summit of the
Francophonie was held in Versailles, in the castle, under the
presidency of François Mitterrand. Besides France, it brought
together representatives from 42 countries, including sixteen heads
of state and ten heads of government.
The great storm of
December 26, 1999 devastated the plantations of the park and
allowed, in return, the establishment of a major program of
replanting of the original species in their alignments of the time.
21st century
Today, with the growth of the suburb of Paris,
Versailles, is included in the Parisian agglomeration. The role of
Versailles as an administrative and judicial center was reinforced
in the 1960s and 1970s; the city remains one of the notable poles of
the western suburbs of Paris, with a sluggish demography and
economy.
On June 25, 2007, the Hall of Mirrors, restored
after four years of work, is reopened for visitors.