Luxemburgskaya st., 3
Church of Ioakim and Anna (Церковь Иоакима и Анны) is a Russian Orthodox Church constructed in 1816 in Gus- Krustalny in Russia. It was dedicated to parents of Holy Mary, mother of Jesus Christ.
The Church of Joachim and Anna was built in 1810-1816 at the expense
of Sergei Yakimovich Maltsev. The Godfather Joachim and Anna was
consecrated in the name of the saints and righteous.
In
1848-1851, at the expense of I.S. Maltsov, a warm refectory was attached
to the temple: "covered with iron, the wooden floors are finished, the
stoves are perverted, the carving (on the iconostasis) is gilded." The
chapel in the refectory was consecrated on May 28, 1851 in the name of
the Life-Giving Trinity.
In 1856, the bell tower at the temple
was mentioned for the first time.
In 1871, an oven was made under
the cold part of the temple.
At the turn of 1871-72, when
visiting the city of Gus-Khrustalny, Bishop of Murom Jacob (Krotkov)
noted:
“The church is wonderful, spacious and well maintained.
The left aisle of the warm church has not yet been consecrated by almost
the prejudice that the builders hold on to, fearing an imminent death if
the church is completely finished. I explained to the manager of the
factory how unfounded this superstition was. The sacristy is not rich,
the library is very poor…”.
In 1895, a free parish library was opened
at the church.
By 1901, the Joakiman Church was surrounded by a
quadrangular stone fence with cast-iron gratings. The fence had a
central gate.
By 1922, the authorities had already twice seized
church valuables.
The temple was closed no earlier than 1938.
In 1941, the temple building was occupied by the mechanical
workshops of the Glass College.
From 1946 to 1948 it was occupied
by the city trade for a warehouse.
Then it housed the fire
department. In this regard, the domed vault of the main volume was
covered with a flat ceiling, the northern third of the refectory was
separated by a plank wall, and in it, as well as in the side wings of
the main temple and in the tents of the bell tower, two floors of living
quarters were arranged, for which additional rectangular windows were
pierced on the walls. The floor of metlakh tiles was partially
destroyed, and heavy fire trucks stood in the refectory.
The
tiled stoves and the iconostasis were not preserved, the floor made of
Metlakh tiles was partially destroyed, and heavy fire engines stood in
the refectory. The heads with crosses on the building were destroyed.
Later, the department of private security was located in the temple.
In 1983, the church was taken under local protection as an
architectural monument (No. 373 p/9 of May 6).
In 1989, the
temple was returned to the community of believers and began to be
restored. Both domes were designed again - for the main volume and for
the completion of the bell tower (architect Dvoeglazova T.P., engineer
Shchelokov O.O.).
The restored temple was consecrated in honor of
the Life-Giving Trinity.
John of Kazan (mentioned 1895)
Alexander Sokolov (September 28,
1937 - January 25, 1939?)
The church stands on the left bank of the city, on the left bank of
the Gus River, not far from the Paper Spinning Factory (from the south)
and the Crystal Factory (from the west), which is located on the river
itself. The church is the compositional center of the planning structure
of the left-bank part of the city, which is the original part of its
historical development.
After the construction of the church, a
rectangular area is formed around it from one-way streets. A regular
grid of other streets is built according to this rectangle.
The
church is built of brick with lime mortar.
On the facades of the
refectory there are three arched large high windows. The vertical
articulation of the facades is also emphasized by paneled inter-window
blades, which correspond to the pilasters placed inside the temple on
the side walls.
Stucco rods are missing along the window
openings. The drum is covered with iron. The drum windows are round and
rectangular (laid). The side and western doorways (the original doors
have not been preserved) are framed by a decorative portico with fluted
pilasters and a semicircular ending.
In the interior of the main
volume, eight pairs of Ionic columns enclose the central space in a
circle (up to the wings) and carry a light drum with a domed blind vault
(now covered by a flat ceiling). The capitals of the columns and the
frieze along the perimeter of the drum (made of croutons with rosettes)
are molded and gilded. Background, i.e. the planes of the walls
themselves are painted with dark blue paint, the columns are plastered
and whitewashed. Below the frieze, above the capitals, there is a strip
of painting: a frieze of stylized floral ornament.
The columns
are concentrated in fours at the corners, and between them there are
openings (on four sides) in rectangular wings, which are covered with
flat beamed ceilings. In the refectory in the middle of a spacious high,
square room, in the longitudinal direction there are two rows of the
same paired Ionic columns as in the main volume (only eight pieces in
each row). Opposite the columns, on the side walls of the refectory,
there are pilasters with Ionic capitals. The walls are currently
plastered and whitewashed, and the beams above the columns are painted
with Art Nouveau motifs. Wide window openings are recessed, framed with
a plaster profile.
The floors in all volumes are lined with
Metlakh polychrome tiles of various ornaments, made in Germany (the
stamp is embossed on the reverse side of each of the tiles).
The
ceilings in the refectory and in the side wings of the main volume are
wooden beams, above the main volume there is a brick domed vault.
Roofing iron on a wooden crate. Brick walls outside are painted with
pink adhesive paint over plastering, inside are plastered and
whitewashed.
The plan of the church, in general, has the shape of
a rectangle elongated from east to west, from which a small rectangle of
the apse protrudes from the east.
The three-dimensional structure
of the church consists of the main volume with an apse, a refectory and
a bell tower. The main volume on the outside has a cruciform shape, in
which the eastern wing is an apse. On the middle of the cross there is a
small cylindrical light drum, topped with a high dome (the dome was
destroyed in Soviet times). The eastern rectangular wing, oriented
transversely to the axis, and the side wings of the same shape, oriented
longitudinally, are covered with gable roofs over triangular pediments.
The large rectangle of the refectory, elongated longitudinally, is
expanded to the level of the side porches of the main volume and has the
same height as theirs. Covered with a double pitched roof.
The
three-tiered bell tower is lined with rectangular tents on the sides.
The tiers are shaped like quadruples. The ringing tier is cut by four
arches. The hipped roof of the bell tower with dormer windows and
kokoshniks at the base belongs to a later time (the head was destroyed
in Soviet times).
The facades of the temple itself, the tents of
the bell tower and the apse are designed along two horizontal axes and
several vertical ones. The horizontal axes that encircle the entire
building, except for the refectory, give two tiers of windows, the lower
of which are large rectangular, and the upper semicircular. There is one
vertical axis along which the windows of the first and second windows
are located, on the facades of the main volume - one, on all three
facades of the apse - also one each, on the facades of the tents of the
bell tower - two.