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Danilov Val, 22
Danilov Monastery is considered to be oldest monastery in Moscow. It was found in 1282 by Daniil Aleksandrovich, son of Aleksandr Nevsky. He was later burred here. The walls of the monasteries date back to the 16th- 18th century. Most of the buildings date back to the 18th and 19th century. Most of the original monastery was burned during Trouble Times in the early 17th century when the second False Dmitry ruled over Moscow with the help of his Polish armies. After Russian Revolution of 1917 the Bolsheviks turned Danilov Monastery into prison. Former cells of the monks were turned into prison cells. Much of valuable interior was destroyed. The cemetery that included many prominent figures in Russian history (N.V. Gogol, V.G. Perov, S.M. Tretyakov and etc) were moved to Novodevichy cemetary. In 1983 the monastery was returned to the Russian Orthodox Church for administrative offices. The work on restorations of this Christian complex lasted for 5 years and was finally completed in 1988, just in time to honor 1000 years of Christianity in Russia. Iconostasis carries many of the icons dating back to the 17th century. A bell tower that was destroyed by the Commies was rebuilt in its original appearance.
Danilovsky or Danilov monastery was founded in the
late 13th century by the son of Alexander Nevsky, Daniel. Shortly
before his death in 1303, Danilo took a monastic vow, and then was
buried in the Danilovsky monastery. The Russian Orthodox Church
honors him as a Saint. The very first Muscovite Archimandrite came
from this monastery in 1300.
In the XIV-XV centuries.
Danilov monastery fell into disrepair. In 1560, Ivan the terrible
brought him back to life, giving him rich gifts. In 1591, when the
armies of the Crimean Khan Kasa Giray approached Moscow, the area
around the Danilovsky monastery turned into a fortified mobile camp.
In 1606, the rebels led by Ivan Bolotnikov and Istoma Pashkov
faced the army of Vasily IV near the monastery. In 1607, an impostor
named Ileyka Muromets, who called himself Tsarevich Peter (son of
Fyodor I), was executed near the Danilovsky monastery. Being at the
center of many military events during the time of Troubles, the
Danilov monastery was severely damaged in 1610. At the beginning of
the 17th century, it was surrounded by a brick wall with seven
towers.
In 1710, there were 30 monks in the Danilovsky
monastery. In 1764, there were only twelve of them. By 1900,
however, the number had grown to seventeen. Among the monks who
lived in the Danilov monastery during its history was the famous
Greek scholar Nikephoros Theotokis, who left for this monastery in
1792 from the position of Bishop in southern Russia. He lived here
until his death in 1800.
In 1805, an almshouse for elderly
women was established in the Danilov monastery; later it became an
almshouse for elderly clergy and their widows.
In 1812, the
Danilov monastery was looted by the French army. However, the
monastery's sacristy and Treasury were delivered to Vologda and the
Trinity-Sergius Lavra shortly before the French occupied Moscow.
The first documented information about the land ownership of the
Danilovo monastery can be traced back to 1785, when the monastery
owned 18 acres of land. By the end of the 19th century, the
monastery already had 178 tithes and several buildings in Moscow.
In the second half of the XIX century, the cemetery of the
Danilovo monastery became the last burial place for many writers,
artists and scientists, such as Nikolai Gogol, Nikolai Yazykov,
Vasily Perov, Nikolai Rubinstein, Vladimir Solovyov and many others.
However, the remains of most of them were moved to the Novodevichy
cemetery during the Soviet years. By 1917, the Danilovsky monastery
had 19 monks and four novices. He owned 164 tithes of land.
After the October revolution, the Danilov monastery housed
archimandrites who were deprived of their pulpits. In 1929, the
Soviets issued a special decree on the closure of the monastery and
the organization of the NKVD receiver-distributor in its premises.
Danilov monastery is the last monastery closed in Moscow. It was the
first to be returned to the Moscow Patriarchate in 1983 and became
the spiritual and administrative center of the Russian Orthodox
Church. In 1988, the Danilov monastery was restored and returned to
the Church. A residence was built for the Patriarch and Synod, as
well as a funeral chapel and a chapel in honor of the 1000th
anniversary of the baptism of Russia.
Church of the Holy fathers of the seven Ecumenical
councils
The temple is a complex structure in the architectural
and compositional sense and consists of several parts. At the base
of the Central Cathedral is the Church of the Intercession with the
North aisle of the prophet Daniel. The upper "summer" Church was
built on it in 1729 in the forms of the Moscow Baroque. In 1752, a
tiered Church of Daniel the Stylite was erected over the Western
narthex and the porch of the lower Church. Thus, there was a unique
composition for Moscow architecture-two upper churches on one lower
one. The Church was restored in the 1970s and 1980s, and was
re-consecrated in 1988.
Trinity cathedral
It was built in
1838 at the expense of merchants Kumanin and Shustov by architect
Osip Bove in the late classicism style. The Central throne of the
Church was consecrated by Metropolitan Filaret of Moscow (Drozdov).
In the same year, two thrones were consecrated in the aisles: the
southern one in the name of St. Alexy and the Northern one in memory
of the Conception of the righteous Anna. In the 1930s, the Cathedral
was rebuilt for the needs of the colony. After restoration work in
1986, the Central throne was consecrated by Archimandrite Evlogy,
and two years later the chapel of the Nativity of John the Baptist
was consecrated. The Church contains parts of the relics of Daniel,
the icon of the mother of God "troeruchitsa" and the monk John
Cassian of Rome.
Residence of the Holy Synod and Patriarch
The two-story building, located in the Western part of the
monastery, was built by a team of architects led by Yuri Rabaev. On
the second floor, in 1988, a house Church was built and consecrated
in honor of All the saints who shone forth in the land of Russia.
Church Of Simeon The Stylite
It was built in 1732 over the
Holy gate under the direction of the architect Ivan Michurin. Made
in the Baroque style, decorated with balusters and fly. After the
closure of the monastery, there was a checkpoint at the gate of the
Church to the children's colony. By 1982, the three upper tiers of
the bell tower and its head were demolished, and two years later
they were restored to their former forms. The interior of the Church
is decorated with a three-tiered iconostasis with painted tibles.
The Church of All Saints in the Land of Russia shone in the
Patriarchal residence was built in 1988 under the direction of
architect Yuri Rabaev.
The Church of St. Seraphim of Sarov has
existed since 1984. In 1986-1987, it was closed for reconstruction,
and consecrated in 1988. It stores the rosary and part of the mantle
of Seraphim of Sarov, daily prayers and memorial services are held.
The memorial chapel was built by architect Yuri Georgievich Alonov
in 1988.
The chapel was built in 1988 on Monastyrskaya square in
honor of the 1000th anniversary of the Baptism of Rus.
Other
buildings of the monastery: the building of the Department of
external Church relations, the Abbot's chambers (1828), the
fraternal building (1869), the premises of the former General
monastery hospital of the Moscow diocese (1890) and the Danilovskaya
hotel (1986).
The largest and oldest iconostasis of the
monastery is located in the Church of the Holy fathers of the seven
Ecumenical cathedrals. Among the images of the local series: the
Vladimir icon of the mother of God with an akathist in the fields,
the Kazan icon of the mother of God with the brands "Legends". The
upper levels are a single ensemble of 67 faces of the Kostroma
script of the late 17th century, transferred to the Danilov
monastery from the Trinity-Sergius Lavra and the Moscow theological
Academy. The iconostasis of the chapel in the name of Daniel placed
the icon "Holy face" image of the mother of God "Mountain Narukana".
The iconostasis of the chapel of St. Daniel the Stylite is
four-tiered. The 17th-century Tsar's gate was transferred from the
Moscow Kremlin museums and is a highly artistic monument of ancient
Russian art. The festive row is made up of icons of the XVIII-XIX
centuries. The deisus rank includes five images of Northern letters
from the beginning of the 17th century.
The three-tiered
iconostasis in the gate Church of Simeon Stylites was designed in
1986 by the iconographer Sergiy Nikolaevich Dobrynin. It is made up
of the faces of the XVII-XX centuries, received from the
Pskov-Pechersk monastery.
Necropolis
In 1771, a decree
was issued prohibiting the burial of the dead in cities. Thereafter,
during century on the territory of the Danilov monastery, like other
monasteries near Moscow, was formed a vast necropolis, where are the
graves of merchant families: Babkin, zakharovykh, Comanini,
Ovchinnikova, things. According to researchers, the greatest
cultural and historical value was represented by the area with the
graves of Slavophiles, where Alexey Khomyakov, Yuri Samarin, Dmitry
Valuev, Alexander Koshelev, Yuri Venelin, Vladimir Cherkassky, as
well as the writer Nikolai Gogol and the poet Nikolai Yazykov were
buried. Artist Vasily Perov, musician Nikolai Rubinstein,
philanthropist Sergei Tretyakov and other famous figures were also
buried in the monastery. After the monastery was closed in 1929, the
necropolis was destroyed, and some of the graves were moved to the
Novodevichy cemetery. To store the remains discovered during the
restoration, a chapel was built.
In April 2007, the grave of
Archbishop nikephoros Theotokis was discovered under the southern
gallery of the Church of the Holy fathers of the seven Ecumenical
cathedrals. A memorial white marble cross was erected near the
burial site.
/4023561364_7a26c0cde5[1].jpg) Trinity Cathedral |
/98767493_955658ed41[1].jpg) Monastery Interior |
/6257981872_f038e40ca6[1].jpg) Church of Seven Holy Fathers of the Councils |