Abrau-Dyurso is a village (formerly an urban-type settlement) in the Krasnodar Kray. The administrative center of the rural district Abrau-Dyurso of the municipal formation is the city of Novorossiysk.
There are mass recreation areas in the area of the settlement.
There is a champagne museum in Abrau-Durso. Since May 1, 2016, the
"M'ARS Center for Contemporary Art" has been operating in the building
of the old champagne factory
From September 7 to September 11,
2016, the youth educational "Growth Forum" was held in the village by
the Party of Growth.
The name of the village Abrau was formed from the toponym of the Adygs. Abragio. Meanwhile, there are other options for the formation of the toponym, for example, from ancient Iranians. Abrau - "sky" or abh. Abrau - "hollow", Turk. dur - "transparent" and Turk. su - "river". Durso (Adyghe Dursu - “four springs”) is a river that flows into the lake to the west of the Abrau River. Adyghe legend says:
Abrau-Dyurso is located 14 km west of Novorossiysk
(with which it is connected by a highway) and 5 km north of the sea
coast. The village is located on the shore of the Abrau mountain
lake, at the confluence of the Abrau river of the same name. A dam
once formed at the confluence with the Abrau River, which led to the
formation of Lake Abrau-Dyurso.
The village has a small strip
of pebble beach, separated on both sides by rocks, behind which a
wild beach begins. On one side of it are the recreation centers
"Moryak" and "Fregat", and on the other - Maly Liman (Limanchik) - a
small but picturesque fresh lake on the seashore. In Lake Abrau, the
water is warm, clean, but muddy due to limestone. Since 2012 in
Abrau-Dyurso there has been a sports training base "Football World",
where football tournaments and training sessions of football teams
of Russian divisions are held.
Before the
formation of the royal estate, there was an Adyg village called
Adyg. EkIeh (another name - Adyg. Abrago) - "failed". After the end
of the Caucasian War and the deportation of the Circassians in 1870,
by the order of the head of the Black Sea District, Major General
D.V. Pilenko, the specific estate of the royal family of
Abrau-Dyurso was founded.
The allocation of land for the
Appanage Department was made in 1871. During the first land
surveying, the area under forest, meadows and steppe was over 7.2
thousand dessiatines. Experiments on the cultivation of grapes were
started under the leadership of the agronomist of the Black Sea
region F.I.Geyduk, who in 1872 bought the selection of Rhine grape
vines of the Riesling and Portugieser varieties from abroad. In
1873-1874, a part (about 8 thousand bushes) was planted in
Abrau-Dyurso on a plantation with an area of over 3.2 thousand
square fathoms. Later, the varieties Sauvignon, Pinot-fran and
Pinot-gris, Traminer, etc. were also cultivated here.
The
first grape harvest in Abrau-Dyurso was harvested in 1877. In 1882,
a special cellar was built, equipped for the production of wine (in
1886 - the second cellar for 13.6 thousand buckets). By 1882, the
winemaker E. A. Wedel created vintage table wines "Riesling" and
"Cabernet Abrau". By the mid-1890s, the types of vintage Abrau-Durso
wines were finally formed: such as "Sauternes", "Lafite",
"Bordeaux", "Burgundy".
In 1891, Prince L. S. Golitsyn was
appointed chief winemaker of the Appanage Department. In accordance
with his recommendations, Abrau-Dyurso has begun preparations for
the preparation of sparkling wine by the champagne method (fr.
Méthode champenoise) and the construction of improved cellars. Since
1893, champagne varieties of grapes were bred, and soon they
occupied about half of the entire vineyard area. In 1894-1900, a
factory building, 5 basements-tunnels were built in Abrau-Dyurso, a
highway to Novorossiysk was laid. In 1898, the first batch of Abrau
champagne was produced. In 1899, the entire staff of specialists in
the production of champagne was transferred from Sudak to
Abrau-Dyurso.
In 1920, on the basis of the former imperial
estate, the Abrau-Dyurso wine-making state farm was created.
During this period, the head of the enterprise was AM Frolov-Bagreev
(1877-1953) - the founder of the Soviet variety of the reservoir
method for the production of sparkling wines. The first circulation
of Soviet champagne in the amount of 36 thousand bottles was
produced by the reservoir method under the leadership of A.M.
Frolov-Bagreev in 1928.
On July 28, 1936, at a meeting of the
Politburo, with the personal participation of I. V. Stalin, the
Resolution of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and the
Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks "On
the production of Soviet champagne, dessert and table wines" was
adopted. This decree provided for the introduction of widespread
production of "Soviet Champagne" by the reservoir method at existing
plants (including the Abrau-Dyurso plant).
On February 5,
1937, the Resolution of the Council of People's Commissars of the
USSR No. 213 "On expanding the raw material base for the production
of Soviet champagne and high-quality dessert wines in the collective
farms of the RSFSR" was issued for use by the Abrau-Dyurso
enterprise (p. 1):
To concentrate the raw material base for
the production of Soviet champagne in the RSFSR: a) mainly - on the
territory adjacent to the location of the existing champagne
production at the Abrau-Dyurso state farm: in the regions of
Novorossiysk, Anapa, Gelendzhik and Temryuk, Azov-Black Sea region.
The state farm and the Abrau-Dyurso plant were separated into a
separate settlement (workers' settlement) on July 23, 1948. At the
end of the 2000s, the urban-type settlement Abrau-Dyurso was
transformed into a village.