Southern Russia

 

Southern Russia is the warmest part of the country, including the lower reaches of the Don, the Black Sea coast and the republics of the North Caucasus.

 

Volgograd Oblast

Astrakhan Oblast

Republic of Adygea

The Republic of Adygea is a small but culturally and historically rich region in southern Russia, part of the Southern Federal District. Located in the foothills of the Caucasus, Adygea is famous for its unique nature, culture and hospitality.

The nature of Adygea has magnificent mountain landscapes, picturesque valleys, forests and rivers. The main mountain of the region is Mount Fisht, which attracts tourists with its beauty and opportunities for outdoor activities such as mountaineering and hiking.

The cultural heritage of Adygea is rich and diverse. The Adygeans, part of the cultural and ethnic diversity of the Caucasus, preserve their traditions, language, music and national customs. There are many museums, architectural monuments and national holidays in the republic, reflecting the rich history and culture of this people.

The economy of Adygea is based on agriculture, tourism and manufacturing. The region is known for its high-quality agricultural products such as grapes, fruits and honey, as well as the developing wine industry.

In general, the Republic of Adygea is a great place to travel, where you can enjoy the beauty of nature, get acquainted with the rich culture and traditions of this unique region.

 

Republic of Kalmykia

Kalmykia is a republic within the Russian Federation, located in the southwestern part of the European part of Russia. This unique region attracts attention with its peculiarities of culture, history and nature.

One of the key features of Kalmykia is that it is the only region in Europe where the Kalmyk language is the official language. The Kalmyks are an ethnic group that came from Central Asia in the 17th century and has its own unique traditions, culture and customs.

The nature of Kalmykia includes wide steppes, sand dunes and salt lakes. This region is known for its unique natural landscapes, which provide animals and plants with unique conditions for survival.

The cultural heritage of Kalmykia is rich and multifaceted. Here you can find many monasteries, Buddhist temples and other religious buildings, as the Kalmyk people are Buddhists. There are also many museums and monuments in the region that reflect the history and culture of this unique people.

The economy of Kalmykia is based on agriculture, cattle breeding and tourism. The republic is actively developing its infrastructure and tourism potential, attracting the attention of tourists from all over the world with its unique natural and cultural attractions.

 

Krasnodar Kray

Krasnodar Territory and Adygea: The Krasnodar Territory is a large and heterogeneous Russian region, which includes a huge and agriculturally flat part, the Black Sea coast fenced off from the plain by mountains, where the most popular Russian resorts are located, the low-lying coast of the Sea of Azov, as well as the mountainous regions of the Western Caucasus . In addition to all this, the region completely absorbed the Republic of Adygea, which is an independent subject of the Russian Federation, but in many respects is inseparable from the Krasnodar Territory.

 

Crimean Peninsula (de facto Russia, de jure Ukraine)

Crimea is a peninsula located in the Black Sea. Rich in history and culture, this region attracts tourists with its beautiful nature, historical sites and a unique mix of cultures.

The nature of Crimea is diverse: here you can find mountain ranges, picturesque valleys, beaches with golden sand and crystal clear sea. The Crimean Mountains mountain range, the Southern Coast with its resorts such as Yalta and Alushta, and the Eastern Coast with its cozy bays – every corner of Crimea offers its own unique landscapes and recreation opportunities.

Crimea is also rich in history and culture. Here you can find ancient cities such as Sevastopol and Yalta, with their fortresses, churches and architectural monuments. Archaeological finds, such as Tauric Chersonesos, testify to ancient civilizations that lived here millennia ago.

Various ethnic groups live in the Crimean mountains and valleys, which gives the region a special flavor. Russians, Ukrainians, Crimean Tatars and other ethnic groups coexist here in peace and harmony, which makes Crimea a unique cultural place.

The economy of Crimea is mainly based on tourism, agriculture and mining. In recent years, after the controversial (from the point of view of Western countries) annexation of Crimea to Russia in 2014, the region has been actively developing, attracting investments and developing its infrastructure.

In general, Crimea is a place with a rich history, amazing nature and diverse culture, which attracts tourists from all over the world with its unique appearance and atmosphere.

 

Stavropol Krai

Stavropol Territory is one of the largest and most developed regions in the north-west of the Caucasus, located in the Southern Federal District of Russia. The region is rich in natural resources, cultural heritage and a variety of economic sectors.

The nature of the Stavropol Territory is represented by a variety of landscapes, including mountain ranges, meadows, forests, rivers and lakes. The main natural symbol of the region is the Caucasian Ridge, which offers unique opportunities for outdoor activities, mountaineering and hiking.

The cultural heritage of the Stavropol Territory is rich and multifaceted. Various ethnic groups live here, including Russians, Caucasians, Armenians, Greeks and others, each of whom has contributed to the cultural life of the region. There are many historical monuments, architectural attractions, museums and national parks in the region that reflect the rich cultural heritage of this region.

The Stavropol Territory's economy is diverse and based on various industries, including agriculture, mining, manufacturing, trade and services. The region is one of the largest producers of agricultural products in Russia and an important transport and trade hub in the South of the country.

 

Rostov Oblast

The Rostov region is a large region in the south of Russia, located in the foothills of the Caucasus and on the planes of the Azov Sea. The region is rich in both natural resources and historical sites, and is also an important economic center of the country.

One of the most important natural resources of the Rostov region is the Don River, which plays a significant role in agriculture and transport infrastructure of the region. The region is also rich in diverse natural landscapes: from steppes and meadows to forests and reservoirs.

The Rostov region has a rich history associated with various stages of Russia's development. Here you can find numerous historical monuments, cultural attractions and museums reflecting the historical heritage of the region.

The economy of the Rostov region is based on various industries, including agriculture, metallurgy, chemical industry, mechanical engineering and tourism. The region is one of the largest producers of grain, sunflower and other agricultural crops in Russia.

The Rostov Region is also known for its tourist attractions, including resort towns such as Taganrog and Novocherkassk, as well as unique natural sites such as Mangup-Kale and the Donskoy Reserve.

 

Chechen Republic

The Chechen Republic is a region with a rich history and cultural heritage, located in the North Caucasus as part of the Southern Federal District of Russia. Chechnya is famous for its beautiful nature, mountainous landscapes, as well as the traditional culture and customs of the Chechen people.

The nature of Chechnya impresses with its mountain peaks, picturesque valleys, rivers and lakes. It is a unique place for tourism and outdoor activities, offering opportunities for hiking, mountaineering and eco-tourism.

The cultural heritage of Chechnya is rich and diverse. The Chechen people are proud of their traditions, language, music and dancing. There are many historical monuments, museums and architectural attractions in the republic that reflect the rich history and culture of this region.

Chechnya's economy is mainly based on agriculture, oil and gas production, and tourism development. In recent years, the republic has been actively developing its infrastructure and economy, seeking to attract investment and diversify its economic potential.

In general, the Chechen Republic is a unique and interesting place to travel, where you can immerse yourself in the rich culture and history of this region, enjoy its beautiful nature and the hospitality of local residents.

 

Dagestan

Dagestan is a republic within the Russian Federation, located in the Caucasus and is one of the most diverse and culturally diverse regions of the country. Dagestan attracts the attention of both tourists and researchers with its rich cultural heritage, diverse nature and historical attractions.

The nature of Dagestan impresses with its diversity: from high mountain peaks to beautiful valleys and gorges, from fertile valleys to the shores of the Caspian Sea. The Caucasus mountain range and its peaks, such as Dyshendy, Bazarduzu, are not only beautiful natural sites, but also represent excellent places for outdoor activities, mountaineering and hiking.

The cultural heritage of Dagestan is rich and multifaceted. Dozens of peoples coexist here, each of which brings its own unique traditions, languages, cuisine and crafts. Dagestan is known for its national dances, music and folk art. There are many historical monuments, architectural attractions and museums in the republic that reflect the rich history and culture of this region.

Dagestan's economy is mainly based on agriculture, oil and gas production, and tourism. In recent years, the republic has been actively developing its infrastructure and tourism potential in an effort to attract more visitors and investments.

In general, Dagestan is a unique and amazing region that embodies the diverse and cultural diversity of Russia. Its beautiful nature, rich cultural heritage and the hospitality of the locals make it one of the most interesting places to travel and explore.

 

Ingushetia

Ingushetia is a small but culturally and historically rich republic within the Russian Federation, located in the Caucasus. With its beautiful mountain landscapes, rich history and hospitable people, Ingushetia attracts the attention of both tourists and researchers.

The nature of Ingushetia is diverse and impressive in its beauty: from mountain peaks to picturesque valleys and beautiful rivers. The Caucasus mountain range and its peak, such as Gazi-Yurt, Bashlyk and Adam-Ibrahim, are not only beautiful natural sites, but also represent excellent places for outdoor activities and mountaineering.

Ingushetia is also known for its rich cultural heritage. The Ingush people of this republic are proud of their traditions, language and customs. Traditional songs, dances and national costume are an integral part of Ingushetia's cultural life. There are also many historical monuments, museums and architectural attractions in the republic, reflecting the rich history and culture of this region.

Ingushetia's economy is based on agriculture, oil and gas production, and tourism development. The Republic is actively developing its infrastructure and tourism potential, striving to attract more visitors and investments.

In general, Ingushetia is a unique and interesting region that attracts tourists with its beautiful nature, rich culture and hospitality of local residents.

 

Kabardino-Balkaria

Kabardino-Balkaria is a republic in southern Russia, located in the foothills of the Caucasus Mountains. This region is famous for its beautiful nature, rich cultural heritage and diversity of ethnic groups.

The nature of Kabardino-Balkaria is diverse and magnificent: here you can find high mountain peaks, picturesque valleys, rivers and lakes. The main mountain of the region is Elbrus, the highest peak in Europe, which attracts tourists from all over the world with its beauty and opportunities for outdoor activities such as mountaineering and hiking.

The cultural heritage of Kabardino-Balkaria is rich and diverse. Kabardins and Balkars, the two main ethnic groups of the region, have their own unique traditions, language and customs. Here you can find many historical monuments, museums and architectural attractions that reflect the rich history and culture of this region.

The economy of Kabardino-Balkaria is based on agriculture, the extraction of minerals such as oil and gas, as well as the development of tourism. The Republic is actively developing its infrastructure and tourism potential, striving to attract more visitors and investments.

In general, Kabardino-Balkaria is a great place to travel, where you can enjoy the beauty of nature, immerse yourself in the rich culture and history of this region and discover the wonderful world of the Caucasus.

 

Karachay-Cherkessia

Karachay-Cherkessia is a republic within the Russian Federation, located in the North Caucasus. This region is rich in history, cultural heritage and diverse nature, which makes it attractive for tourists and researchers.

The nature of Karachay-Cherkessia is represented by mountain ranges, picturesque valleys, rivers and lakes. The Caucasus mountain range is one of the main natural sites of the region and attracts fans of mountaineering, hiking and ecotourism.

The cultural heritage of Karachay-Cherkessia is rich and diverse. Various ethnic groups live here, including Karachai, Circassians and Russians, each of which has its own unique traditions, language and customs. There are many historical monuments, museums and architectural attractions in the region that reflect the rich history and culture of this region.

The economy of Karachay-Cherkessia is based on agriculture, forestry, and tourism development. The region is actively developing its infrastructure and tourism potential in an effort to attract more visitors and investments.

In general, Karachay-Cherkessia is a unique and attractive region that combines beautiful nature, rich cultural heritage and hospitality of the local population.

 

North Ossetia

North Ossetia is a republic within the Russian Federation, located in the North Caucasus. This region attracts attention with its beautiful mountain scenery, rich history and cultural heritage.

One of the most notable natural sites in North Ossetia is the Caucasus Mountains. This mighty mountain range stretches across the republic and offers many opportunities for tourism, including mountaineering, hiking and mountain biking. In addition, there are several resorts such as Dombai and Arkhyz, which attract tourists with their ski slopes and beautiful natural landscapes.

The cultural heritage of North Ossetia is rich and diverse. Ossetians, an ethnic group living in the region, have their own unique traditions, language and customs. Here you can find many historical monuments, architectural attractions and museums that reflect the rich history and culture of this people.

The economy of North Ossetia is mainly based on agriculture, mining of mineral resources and tourism development. The Republic is actively developing its infrastructure and tourism potential, striving to attract more visitors and investments.

 

Cities

Derbent is the southernmost and oldest city in Russia
Krasnodar is the administrative center of the Krasnodar Territory, the capital of the Kuban
Makhachkala is a city on the shores of the Caspian Sea, the capital of Dagestan
Rostov-on-Don is the administrative center of the Rostov region, the largest city in southern Russia
Sevastopol is a major naval port and base of the Russian Black Sea Fleet
Stavropol is the administrative center of the Stavropol Territory
Sochi - a resort on the Black Sea, hosted the Winter Olympic Games in 2014
Elista is the capital of Kalmykia, the only Buddhist republic in Europe
Yalta is the most famous resort in Crimea

 

Other destinations

Dombai
Caucasian Biosphere Reserve
Krasnaya Polyana


Language

The main language in all regions of Russia is Russian.
In the republics of the North Caucasus, national languages also used (Adyghe, Ingush, Kabardino-Circassian, Kalmyk, Karachay-Balkarian, Ossetian and Chechen).
In the Rostov region and the Krasnodar Territory, they can understand the Ukrainian language, and in the Crimea it was introduced as an official language (along with Russian and Crimean Tatar).