Artyom is a city in the Primorsky Territory. It is located in the
valley of the Knevichanka River, 38 km northeast of the center of
Vladivostok (the border between the cities runs along the bed of the
Peschaniy stream, and the distance between them is, in fact, 0 km).
The administrative center of the Artyomovsk urban district. It is
part of the Vladivostok agglomeration.
Population - 105 675
people. (2020). It is named in honor of Fyodor Andreevich Sergeev, better
known as "Comrade Artyom".
In the past - the largest center
of the Far East for coal mining (the last mine was closed in 2000).
Currently, the city is going through a new stage of industrial
development associated with the opening of transport and logistics
complexes and new industrial production facilities, such as vehicle
assembly (FAW), production of building materials and household
chemicals ("Vostok - Polikor"), woodworking, food production
(sausages, dairy products, canned fish) and others. Farms are also
actively developing in rural areas of the urban district. The
absence of Nadezhdinskaya ASEZ sites in Artyom reduces its
competitiveness.
It stands on the trade routes from Russia
and northeastern China to the APR countries. It is one of the main
transport hubs of the Primorsky Territory. Part of the Free Port of
Vladivostok.
It has access to the Amur and Ussuri bays of the
Sea of Japan. The Primorskoye Koltso tourist and recreational
cluster, the Primorye gambling zone and the Sinyaya Sopka ski center
were created.
It was founded in 1924 as a working settlement with a
brown coal deposit.
December 13, 1930: According to the
decree of the Presidium of the Dalkrai Executive Committee, the
working settlement Artyom was separated from the Shkotovsky District
into the direct subordination of the Dalkrai Executive Committee.
On October 26, 1938, the village of Artyom was given the status
of a city. (this date is considered the birthday of the city). Named
after the Russian revolutionary Artyom (Sergeev, Fedor Andreevich)
(1883-1921).
In 2004, the abolished urban-type settlements
Uglovoe, Zavodskoy and Artyomovskii [6] were included in the urban
boundaries of Artyom, which significantly increased the population
of the city from 64 thousand to more than 100 thousand inhabitants.
The city is located in the northern part of the
Muravyov-Amursky Peninsula, 53 km north-east of Vladivostok, in an
intermountain basin. The area of the urban district is 506.4 km².
Geographic latitude - 43 ° 21 ', longitude - 132 ° 11'. The average
height above sea level is 40 meters.
The relief of the city
is a vast intermontane basin surrounded by mid-mountains, with
absolute heights of no more than 700 meters above sea level. There
are three main levels: in the north and north-east - the watershed
level of the low mountains, the heights in which fluctuate between
the marks of 300-700 meters; in the southern regions - hilly-ridged
foothills with relative heights of 100-200 meters; the main area is
river terraces with a maximum height of 54 meters. About 5% of the
territory of Artyom is occupied by the southwestern outskirts of the
Shkotovsky basalt plateau, in places occupied by swamps.
From
the north, the city is surrounded by the Przhevalsky ridge. From the
south - the hills of the Muravyov-Amursky Peninsula. The highest
heights within the city are noted for the Przewalski Mountains. The
highest point is an unnamed height of 700 meters. In the
intermontane basin, the heights do not exceed 30-40 meters,
therefore, the Orlovskaya Sopka with a height of 54 meters stands
out in the general relief.
The urban district
has outlets to the Amur and Ussuri bays. The corner bay (the
northeastern part of the Amur Bay) is distinguished by a low-lying
coast, very gently dropping below sea level. Lagoons with sandy,
clayey bottom and shallow depths are widespread here. The coast of
the bay is heavily indented by the mouths of the small rivers
Peschanka and Saperka; in the distance a narrow rocky and sandy-clay
strip, cut off by rocks, stretches.
The shores of Muravyinaya
Bay (the northern part of the Ussuri Bay) are typically Rias coasts
(arising from the flooding of the coastal segments of river
valleys), rich in bays and islands. A narrow (5-20 meters) rocky and
sandy-pebble beach, interrupted by rocks, stretches along the
seashore. In summer, the water temperature reaches + 22 °, in winter
the bays are covered with ice.
Artyom has a dense river
network. The rivers are flat, with a pronounced flood regime and
rainwater supply. The largest river in the city is the Knevichanka
(Batalyanza), a tributary of the Artyomovka (Maykhe). Its pool
occupies over 80% of the territory of Artyom. The largest
tributaries of the Knevichanka are Bolotnaya, Orlovka, Ivnyanka,
Pushkaryovka, Zybunny Klyuch, Pushkarev Klyuch, Ozernye Klyuchi,
Bezymyanny Klyuch, Soloveytsev Klyuch and others.
Among the
lakes, the largest are: Orlovskoye with an area of 0.8 by 0.6 km
and Krolevetskoye with an area of 1.5 by 1 km. They are
distinguished by swampy shores and a doubling in volume after the
passage of typhoons.
The climate of Artyom is
moderate monsoon, with features of the continental. In winter, the
territory of the city is subject to the influence of the Siberian
anticyclone, which brings cold air from the continent. Due to this,
the winter period is long, dry and frosty, with many clear days.
During the cold period, only 13% of the total annual precipitation
falls. The minimum monthly precipitation occurs in January-February.
A stable snow cover forms at the end of the first decade of December
and completely melts at the beginning of April. Snow lasts an
average of 98 days. Temperatures in winter range from −10 ° С in
December to −12 ° С in February.
In spring, the air
temperature rises sharply, the wind increases. During this period,
preparations are underway to change the winter monsoon to the summer
monsoon, which is directed from the ocean to the mainland. The
average daily temperature ranges from 0 ° C.
Cloudy weather
prevails in early summer with frequent rains. Low temperatures are
combined with high air humidity - 88-95%. From July to September,
the weather is hot and sunny. In the summer period, the influence of
Pacific typhoons increases on Artyom, their number in different
years is not the same and ranges from two to eight. The warmest
month of August has a maximum precipitation of 120 mm. Autumn in the
city is dry and warm.