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Berezovo (formerly the city of Berezov; Khant. Sўmt vosh, mans. Khalӯs) is an urban-type settlement in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug of Russia, the administrative center of the Berezovsky region.
It was founded in 1593 as a Russian fortification of Beryozov on the site of the village of Sumgutvash (in Khanty - "birch city"). Named after a nearby birch grove.
The settlement is located on the Northern Sosva River, which originates in the Ural Mountains and 42 km from Berezov, which flows into the Ob. River port. In the cold season, there is a winter road to the cities of Yugorsk and Khanty-Mansiysk, the villages of Priobie and Igrima. At present, it is planned to build a year-round road Berezovo - Igrim - Svetly.
The settlement was founded in 1593 as the Berezov fortress
(originally Berezovsky prison on the site of the Ostyak (Khanty)
settlement of Sugmut Vash - the city of birches). The town was founded
by the voivode Nikifor Vasilievich Trakhaniotov.
In 1629, the
administration of Siberia was divided into two categories, or two
regions: Tobolsk and Tomsk. The category of Tobolsk included the cities:
Verkhoturye, Pelym, Turinsk, Surgut, Berezov and Mangazeya with small
prisons and winter quarters.
The finds from the territory of the
settlement of the late 16th century - early 17th century include: a
birch bark letter, a clay inkwell, sharpened goose feathers, a wooden
cover of a book with a leather binding with an embossed ornament, a
pattern for a glove, leather cases - covers from a marine compass case,
a leather bow bow case with embossed ornament, details of birch bark
items with Khanty ornament, wooden and bone chess pieces.
In
1708, the city of Berezov was included in the established Siberian
province.
In 1719 and 1808 the city was completely destroyed by
fires. A fire in 1887 also destroyed much of the city.
In 1724,
by order of Peter I, the Berezovsky prison was built to hold state
criminals. His Serene Highness Prince Alexander Menshikov with his
children, Prince Alexei Dolgorukov with his family, including his
daughter Ekaterina and son Ivan with his wife Natalia, Count Andrei
Osterman were exiled here. In the 19th century, the Decembrists were
exiled to Berezovo, and at the beginning of the 20th century, the
revolutionaries. Exiled to Obdorsk, Leo Trotsky fled from Berezov.
In 1762, Berezov became the county town of the Tobolsk governorship.
Coat of arms of Berezov: "In the upper part of the shield - the coat of
arms of Tobolsk, in the lower part in a silver field - three birches as
a sign of the name of this city."
In 1926, the city of Berezovo
lost the status of a city, becoming a village.
On September 21,
1953, the first natural gas field in Western Siberia, the Berezovskoye
gas field, was discovered in Berezovo.
April 8, 1954 Berezovo
received the status of an urban-type settlement.
Air transportation is carried out by UTair Aviation PJSC, ground
handling at Berezovo airport is carried out by the Berezovsky branch
of Surgut Airport JSC. The flights are performed on Mi-8 helicopters
and An-2 and An-24 aircraft. Air transport is the only means of
delivering passengers, mail and cargo during the spring-autumn thaw.
8 settlements (Igrim, Svetly, Sosva, Saranpaul, Nyaksimvol,
Khulimsunt, Pripolyarny, Vanzetur) are connected with the regional
center in the Berezovsky district by regular flights of local air
lines, which are equipped with equipped landing areas, runways, and
office buildings.
Intermunicipal and interregional air
communication is also carried out in the following directions:
Priob'e, Khanty-Mansiysk, Beloyarsky, Surgut, Tyumen.
Transportation of passengers by water transport is carried out along
one inter-municipal and one inter-regional route. During the
navigation period, the motor ship "Meteor" runs daily from Berezovo
to Khanty-Mansiysk, and once every two days to Salekhard. These
routes cover settlements located in the floodplains of the Ob,
Northern Sosva, Lyapin rivers. From June to September, the
Omsk-Salekhard scheduled motor ship stops at Berezovo twice a month.
In the area of the village, natural gas is transported by OOO Gazprom transgaz Yugorsk. Fishing is underway. Individual entrepreneurship is developing.
Berezovo belongs to the regions of the Far North. The climate in Berezovo is sharply continental, with warm short summers and long frosty winters.