Bogorodsk is a city (until 1923 - a village) in the Nizhny
Novgorod region of Russia. The city is located 28 km southwest of
Nizhny Novgorod, on the P125 highway.
Among the extensive
street network in Bogorodsk is Esperantistov Lane, which is included
in the list of Esperanto sites in Europe. Moreover, in Russia there
were two cities in which there are streets named after Esperanto -
in Kazan and in Bogorodsk. A street in Kazan in 2015 was renamed
into Nursultan Nazarbayev Street, as a result of which the street in
Bogorodsk remained the only street in Russia bearing the Esperanto
name.
Education
Medical College;
Polytechnic College;
Professional
Lyceum No. 71.
A television
Bogorodsk TV
TeleOka Info.
Museums
Bogorodsk City Historical Museum;
Museum of Ceramics.
Over the past 5 years, the Bogorodsk District has managed to
significantly reduce the burden on educational institutions. Thus, since
2017, the share of children studying in the second and third shifts has
decreased by 3.8 times. Thus, at the moment, the district ranks second
in the region in terms of reducing the proportion of schoolchildren who
study on the second shift.
Over the past 3 years, the
accessibility of preschool education for children aged 2 months to 7
years has increased in the Bogorodsky District: in 2021, it reached 100%
(a year earlier - 92.2%). Bogorodsk managed to maintain this figure in
2022 as well.
Located 28 km southwest of Nizhny Novgorod, on the P125 highway.
Railway station (Kozhevennoe) 38 km south-west of Nizhny Novgorod
and 8 km from the Dudenevo pier on the Oka River, on the Nizhny
Novgorod-Murom highway.
Geographically, the territory of the
Bogorodsky district is located between 56° north latitude and between
43° east longitude.
It is located in the central part of the
Nizhny Novgorod region. The space occupied by it is 1476 km².
In
its outline, the territory of the district resembles an inverted
trapezoid - with a wide base to the north and a short opposite side to
the south. The largest length of the territory from north to south is
47.6 km. Length from west to east: in the northern part 47.8 and in the
southern part 2.
The northern border of the region runs along the
river. Oka, with the urban district of the city of Dzerzhinsk,
Volodarsky district. From the west it borders on Pavlovsky and Sosnovsky
districts. From the northeast, it adjoins the urban district of the city
of Nizhny Novgorod and the Kstovsky district, and from the east it
borders on the Dalne-Konstantinovsky district.
Among the
extensive street network in Bogorodsk there is the Esperantist lane,
which is included in the list of Esperanto objects in Europe. Moreover,
in Russia there were two cities in which there are streets named after
Esperanto - in Kazan and in Bogorodsk. A street in Kazan in 2015 was
renamed Nursultan Nazarbayev Street, as a result of which the street in
Bogorodsk remained the only one in Russia bearing the name of Esperanto.
The climate of the region, as well as the entire Nizhny Novgorod
region, is temperate continental.
Winters are moderately cold and
quite snowy. Temperatures in January average -12 ... -13 degrees.
Significant cooling down to -30 is possible. The snow cover is firm and
begins to form in the middle of November. Winter periods are not
complete without thaws. The spring period is fleeting and short. By
mid-April, almost all the snow cover disappears, although in deep
ravines and hollows, the remains of snowdrifts can persist until
mid-May.
Summer in the area is warm. Temperatures in July average
+18…+19 degrees. Hot dry periods are not excluded, when the air warms up
to +30 and above. Short-term rains and thunderstorms mostly occur in
June and mid-August. According to the weather forecast, precipitation in
the form of hail is possible, as well as strong hurricane-force winds.
Autumn, as well as spring is short, by the end of October, significant
frosts and the first snow are possible. The average annual rainfall
ranges from 560-580 mm.
The surface of the region is a somewhat
elevated hilly plain, crossed from west to east by a rather wide valley
called Bezymyannaya (the triangle Kozhevennoe - Pobedykha - Ubezhetsy),
and from south - west to northeast by another valley - the river. Kudma,
passing almost in the middle of the area. This intersection divides the
territory of the region into three parts, somewhat different in natural
conditions from each other: northern, coastal, to the river. Oka, the
middle one, wedged between the Nameless Valley and the Kudma River, and
the southeastern one - beyond the Kudma River. The northern part of the
plain occupies about 1/5 of the area and is the most elevated. Its
height above the level of the river. Oka in the coastal part reaches
80-100 meters. The northern slope of this part to the river. The Oke
descends in steep vertical cliffs. The southern slope has a gentle slope
towards the Nameless Valley. Its surface is undulating, with more or
less deep ravines. The middle part of the plain, occupying about 3/10 of
the area, has a lower and less hilly character compared to the northern
part. The slopes of this part to the Nameless Valley and the river.
Kudma is very gentle. To the south, it gradually rises, reaching its
highest point on the border with the Pavlovsk region. The southeastern -
Zakudemskaya, the most extensive, part of the plain is characterized by
a gradual rise in the surface from the river valley. Kudma to the east
and south, and then a decrease in the southern part.
There are
quite a lot of rivers in the Bogorodsk region. The largest of them can
be considered the Oka and Kudma, which are right tributaries of the
Volga.
Most of the territory of the district belongs to the Volga
basin, or rather its right tributary Kudma. It begins in the neighboring
Dalnekonstantinovsky district, flows through the Bogorodsky district and
flows into the Volga. Due to the fact that the Kudma flows through an
area characterized by karst phenomena, where there are underground
reservoirs, the water content of the Kudma is peculiar: it either dries
up due to the fact that underground reservoirs take water, or it is
full-flowing enough for its size, even in summer dryness - underground
reservoirs give her water. In the deepest places within the district,
the depth of Kudma does not exceed one and a half meters.
Small
rivers of Berezopolye carry their waters to Kudma - Ryazanka, Prorva,
Unkor, Shiloksha, Chizhkovo, Setchuga, Pava and Velikaya.
Their
channels are very shallow and have wide floodplains, and the right-bank
tributaries of the Kudma - the Unkor and the Setchuga - are more
full-flowing than the left ones. Previously, these rivers were quite
large, and some were even navigable. For example, boats once sailed
along the Ryazanka River, which divides Bogorodsk into two parts, and
the Velikaya River, which received such a name because of its size, was
also once navigable. But now all these rivers have become very shallow,
and in the channel of the Velikaya River there is only a chain of small
puddles that dry up in summer. Now, if you look at these rivers, you
will not immediately believe that ships once sailed along them. And they
became shallow mainly due to deforestation growing along the banks of
these rivers. Because of this, their flow decreased every year, and as a
result, they became shallow.
The territory of the district lies
in the transitional zone from mixed broad-leaved forests to birch and
oak forests, in the zone called forest-steppe. In the old days it was
covered with huge dense forests. There were very few spaces free from
the forest in the form of small clearings among the continuous forest
and more significant strips along the river valleys and upland ravines.
In lower places - along the Nameless Valley, beyond the Kudma River and
in the southern part of the region - mixed coniferous-deciduous species
grew, with a predominance of conifers. In the north, more elevated parts
of the plain, deciduous, mainly birch forests grew. Due to the large
distribution of birch forests, this part of the district from the river.
Oki to the river. Kudma in the old days was called "Berezopolye", and at
a later time, with the formation of taxable areas, it entered the
"Berezopol camp". Lying behind the river. Kudma territory entered
another camp - "Zakudemsky".
With the settlement of the region,
cutting down and clearing forests for arable land, forest areas have
significantly decreased and for the period of the 1940s it was only
32.7% of the entire area of the region. Forests have survived mainly in
the Zakudemskaya part, along the Nameless Valley, along the slopes of
ravines, along cliffs and swampy lowlands.
The date of foundation of the village of Bogorodsky is unknown. There
is an opinion that the village of Bogorodskoye (also called Bogoroditsky
and Bogoroditsky) was founded by disgraced residents of Veliky Novgorod.
Ivan the Terrible, having defeated this city in 1570, executed some of
its inhabitants, and sent some to other places of the Muscovite state. A
group of Novgorodians up to 300 people ended up in the Nizhny Novgorod
Berezopolye and settled on the road between Nizhny Novgorod and Murom,
40 versts from the first. One of the proofs of this version is
considered to be the former names of the streets, which, according to
the Novgorod custom, were called ends - Goncharny end, Udaloy end,
Vadsky end, and so on. However, such names are unknown in Bogorodskoye
before the 19th century. In general, the Novgorod version of the
founding of the village is not confirmed by historical sources.
Bogorodskoe as a settlement already existed in 1561, when it was
described by the scribe Grigory Zabolotsky.
The name of the
village was given by the name of the church, consecrated in honor of one
of the holidays associated with the veneration of the Blessed Virgin
Mary.
In 1614, according to a charter granted by Tsar Mikhail
Romanov, it was given, together with nine surrounding villages, to the
estate of the Duma nobleman Kuzma Minin for “Moscow cleansing”, and for
“his, Kozmin, many services,” as the charter says.
Approximately
at the same time, Bogorodskoe gained fame as a major leather center. It
is symbolic that the coat of arms of Bogorodsk still depicts three
golden skins - a symbol of an ancient craft. It was thanks to the
Bogorodsk potters and tanners that the village grew rich, its fame grew.
On May 24, 1918, a Menshevik uprising took place in the village: the
inhabitants took away their weapons and burned the local party
committee. Not only merchants, but also workers took part in the
pogroms. The uprising was brutally crushed.
In 1923, the village
of Bogorodskoye was transformed into the city of Bogorodsk. On September
14, 1942, Bogorodsk received the status of a city of regional
subordination.
From 1941 to 1950, tanks were repaired in the city
(first at a repair base, renamed a repair plant), later the Bogorodsk
Mechanical Plant was transferred to the Ministry of the Shipbuilding
Industry for the production of small marine engines and the conversion
of automobile engines into them. In the second half of the 20th century,
the Bogorodsk Machine-Building Plant was a city-forming enterprise, but
went bankrupt in 2009-2014.
Bogorodsk is one of the oldest (since the 17th century) centers of
the leather industry.
Leading tanneries: them. Yurgens, them.
Kalinina, im. Venetsky, leather and haberdashery and shoe factories.
There are also factories, a furniture and clothing and haberdashery
factory, and a garment factory.
The most important indicator of
the success of economic activity in the region is the total volume of
shipped products, works and services of Bogorodsk enterprises. At the
end of 2021, it amounted to 17 billion rubles, which is 19% more than in
2020. But the volume of extra-budgetary investments in fixed assets per
1 inhabitant of the district amounted to 42,907 rubles, which is almost
50% more than in 2020.
In the structure of the economy of the
district, industry dominates - 73%, and the main specialization is the
production of leather and products from it. Thus, over the past 5 years,
the share of leather production in the total industrial production of
the district increased by 40 percentage points and amounted to 53%.
The products of Bogorodsk tanners are in demand not only in Russia,
they are supplied to the largest countries in Europe, the CIS states,
Turkey, India, Vietnam, China, etc.
Small business plays a
significant role in the economy of the Bogorodsky District. Its share in
the total volume of shipped products is 85%, in the total volume of
investments - 76%. There are 2025 small and medium-sized businesses in
the Okrug, including 57 small enterprises.
Bogorodsky District is
in the top 10 municipalities of the Nizhny Novgorod region in terms of
socio-economic development. Over the past five years, consistently high
rates have been noted here. So, at the end of 2021, the district took
8th place among 52 territories of the region. A year earlier, he was
ranked 7th, and in 2019, he was ranked 11th.
The district ranks fourth in the region in terms of the proportion of
the population systematically involved in physical education and sports.
In five years, this figure has been raised from 45.57% in 2017 to 51.6%
in 2021. Thus, Bogorodsk is one of the six municipalities in which this
value exceeds 50%.
Bogorodsk has become one of the most sporting
districts of the Nizhny Novgorod region, among other things, thanks to
the development of the relevant infrastructure. So, according to the
results of 2021, the Bogorodsk sports and recreation complex Pobeda was
recognized as the best among the sports and recreation complexes in the
region.
On the north-eastern outskirts of the city is located
"Nizhny Novgorod Regional Aeroclub named after. P. I. Baranova "(former
Avtozavodsk Aeroclub DOSAAF, until 2003 - Nizhny Novgorod Aviation and
Sports Club" Aeroclub "ROSTO"). Training flights are carried out on the
Yak-52 and others, as well as parachute jumps from the An-2 aircraft,
the twin-engine An-28, and since 2018 from the high-altitude L-410.