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Gudermes (Chech. Gumse) is a city in the Chechen Republic of the
Russian Federation. The city is located at the confluence of the
Gums (Belka) and Dzhalka rivers with Sunzha, at the foot of the
Gudermes ridge, 33 km east of Grozny and 42 km west of Khasavyurt.
It is an important transport hub in the North Caucasus. The
railway junction of the North Caucasian Railway (lines to Astrakhan,
Rostov-on-Don, Mozdok and Makhachkala) and the federal highway R-217
Kavkaz pass through the city.
The city is located at the confluence of the Gums (Belka) and Dzhalka
rivers in the Sunzha, at the foot of the Gudermes Range, 37.5 km east of
the city of Grozny and 44.8 km west of Khasavyurt.
It is an
important transport hub in the North Caucasus. The city has a railway
junction of the North Caucasian Railway (lines to Astrakhan,
Rostov-on-Don, Mozdok and Makhachkala) and the federal highway P-217
"Caucasus" passes.
The climate of Gudermes is temperate continental. Winter is short and with little snow, summer is long and hot.
According to legend, Gudermes was founded at the
beginning of the 17th century by immigrants from the high mountain
villages of Chartala (modern Georgia) and Gordali. The residents of
Chartins and Gordalians descended to the flat lands near the Gums
River, where they founded the village of Gums. The first Gudermes
residents built their houses on the site where the “aul” mosque
stands today. According to the "Great Russian Encyclopedia" it was
founded in the middle of the 18th century on the site of the Chechen
village of Gums.
At the beginning of the 19th century, the
village was known as Gyudyurmes (from Kumyk "will not burn") and
among the Cossacks, as the Velskaya village.
Beyond the Gums
River, in the northwestern part of the modern city, there was once
the village of Kakhanovskaya, founded in 1770. In 1837, the
Umakhan-Yurtovskoye military fortification was laid here. And in
December 1857, after the devastation of the villages of Gumse and
Gertme, part of the inhabitants of these settlements by the
detachments of General Mishchenko were forcibly resettled to
Kokhanovskaya (Umakhan-Yurt).
The rapid development of
Gudermes began in 1893, with the commissioning of the
Beslan-Petrovskaya branch of the Vladikavkaz railway near the
village of Gyumse (a locomotive depot, a railway turntable,
workshops, a station), which served as a city-forming impetus for
the transformation of the village. Station Gudermes is mentioned in
the fantasy novel Islands of the Etheric Ocean (1914), because
through it the crew of the Space Winner apparatus returns to
Petrograd.
On January 14, 1929, the village of Gudermes
(without aul) was transformed into a working settlement, which later
received a new name - the village named after Kalinin.
On
April 5, 1941, by the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet
of the RSFSR, the village named after Kalinin, the village of
Kundukhova and the village of Gyumse were united into the city of
Gudermes.
On February 1, 1963, by the Decree of the Presidium
of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, the city of Gudermes was
classified as a city of republican subordination.
The village of Gudermes arose on the Gums River, which is also
referred to as Gudermes in the documents of the 19th century. The
name of the village is derived from this early hydronym. The toponym
probably comes from the Turkic khudermes, which means “fireproof
(village)”.
According to S. Sh. Hajiyeva, the Kumyks call the
Gudermes region "Gyuntiymes" - "Guenler boiu gyun-tiymes ...". In
her opinion, the word can be translated in two ways - the shady (not
hot) side or the valley of the Guntiymes river. According to another
version, "Gudermes" is an Old Chechen word and is translated as "sun
on a hill".
Railway transport
On December 28, 2017, a new
station complex was opened, designed to serve railway passengers
(long distance and suburban traffic) and bus station passengers. The
construction of the building with a total area of 4.5 thousand m2
has been carried out since 2012. The railway station Gudermes is
functioning.
City bus
There are seven city bus routes,
which are served by the State Unitary Enterprise "Chechavtotrans".
The House for arts and crafts for children.
Museum named after the
Hero of Russia of the first President of the Chechen Republic - Akhmat
Kadyrov
Amusement park with ferris wheel
Winter water park
Education
Preschool education
7 preschool institutions.
Secondary education
12 secondary educational institutions.
Higher education
Gudermes branch of the Institute of Finance and Law
Professional education
Gudermes Pedagogical College.
Gudermes
railway technical school.
Gudermes branch "Chechen Basic Medical
College".
Economy
Industry
Cold storage (ice cream
production)
Chemical plant
Lemonade plant
Canning factory
Factory of medical instruments
Viticulture is also widespread in
Gudermes.
Metal depot "Metallotorg" (metal depot in Gudermes, a
branch of the largest enterprise in the European part of Russia that
sells rolled metal products)
Railway "DEPO" (repair shops).
Three
Oil depots (warehouses for storage of petroleum products).
Electrical
substation.
Trade
There are many stores in the city, the
largest of which are Detsky Mir, the Cosmos shopping center, the Arizona
furniture salon, and the Zhemchuzhina trading house. On Vatutina Street
there is the Central Market, the Mega City shopping center.
Connection
Cellular operators - MTS, Beeline, Megafon.
Communication operator of the Chechen Republic - "GumsNet"
The local
Internet provider is Gudermes RUES.
Republican Internet provider -
"Vainakhtelecom"