Ishimbay is a city in Russia. The administrative center of the
Ishimbay region of the Republic of Bashkortostan. It forms the
municipality of the city of Ishimbay with the status of an urban
settlement as the only settlement in its composition. City of labor
valor and glory (since 2016).
Located in the south of
Bashkortostan, 160 km from the city of Ufa, on the coast of the
Belaya River and at the mouth of the Tayruk River.
The city
was founded in 1932 with the commissioning of the first oil field in
the Volga region and the Urals. In 1934, the oil field named after.
Kirov received the status of a workers' settlement, in 1940 - a city
of republican subordination.
Population - 64 386 people.
(2020), area - 103.47 km². Along with Salavat and Sterlitamak, it
forms the South Bashkortostan polycentric agglomeration-conurbation
with a population of about 700 thousand people. Ishimbay is the
eighth largest city in the region and the seventh largest city in
the region. Go to the section "#Population".
A city with a
ramified infrastructure, one of the large industrial centers in the
south of Bashkortostan, the first flagship of the oil-extracting and
refining industry of the region, the capital of the Second Baku, the
founder of the city of Salavat.
The emergence and economic development of Ishimbay is associated
with the discovery of oil fields - the formation of the Second Baku.
The city is named in honor of Ishimbay Akberdin, who founded the
village of Ishimbaevo in 1815.
Background
In 1770, in
order to fulfill the program for studying the Russian state
developed by the scientist M.V. Lomonosov, an expedition of the
Geographical Department of the Russian Academy of Sciences headed by
the famous traveler, scientist I.I. Lepyokhin visited the territory
of the future city. The expedition lodged in the village of
Kusyapkulovo, where they discovered an oil release near the
confluence of the Tayruk River into the Belaya River. In 1880,
geologist V.I.Miller made the first geological study of the future
Ishimbay oil region, giving a negative answer to the question of the
presence of oil. On July 30, 1900, the St. Petersburg newspaper
Nedelya reported on the discovery of large oil shows on the banks of
the Belaya River near the villages of Nizhneburanchino and
Kusyapkulovo. In 1905, on behalf of the chief chief of the Ural
factories, geologist F.I.Kandykin, having drilled a 4 sazhen (9.5 m)
well on the island (in the area of the modern bridge over the
Belaya River), the first geologist gave a positive answer to the
question of the presence of oil in this place. In the summer of
1915, the territory of the future city was visited by the geologist
Andersen, a representative of the company of Baku oil
industrialists, the Nobel brothers, who gave a positive opinion
about the prospects of oil exploration. He offered the local
residents to sell some of the oil-bearing lands, but was refused.
Foundation of the city and the first years of development
In
May 1929, Bashsovnarkhoz appealed to the State Oil Research
Institute and the Geological Committee with a request to organize
oil exploration in Bashkiria. In the summer, on the initiative of
Academician I.M.Gubkin, the Petroleum Institute sent three
geological parties to the region, one of them, under the leadership
of geologist A.A. Blokhin, worked in the future Ishimbay. Alexey
Alexandrovich suggested the presence of large deposits of oil in the
area of the modern city.
In June 1930, the government of
the BASSR raised the issue of accelerating the start of deep
drilling before the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive
Committee and the USSR Council of People's Commissars. On October
28, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR was issued,
obliging the Supreme Council of the National Economy of the USSR "to
ensure in the plans of Soyuzneft for 1931 deep drilling of oil
fields in the BASSR." Measures were taken to strengthen the material
and technical base of oil exploration. In the fall, upon completion
of geological studies, AA Blokhin identified four points of well No.
701-704 for deep well drilling, including on the territory of the
modern memorial complex "Vyshka-Babushka".
On May 16, 1932,
at 11:30 am from a depth of 680.15 meters, well No. 702 threw out
the first 36-meter fountain of industrial oil - about 50 tons of oil
in 4 hours. This date is the foundation of Ishimbay and the
beginning of the formation of the oil industry in Bashkiria. The
first oil field in the Volga region and the Urals was organized. The
new oil center of the USSR was named Ishimbaevsky in honor of the
village of Ishimbaevo. The oil field, scattered over a dozen
kilometers, united the villages of Ishimbaevo, Kusyapkulovo,
Buranchino, later setting the boundaries of the city. In the same
year, films began to be shown in the village, in 1933 the first club
named after. S. M. Kirov. In 1933 F.P. Pokhlebaev built a small
distillation plant on the left bank of the Belaya River. In the
early days, she gave 750 liters of gasoline, and soon - up to 15
tons of gasoline per day. In the same year, the Peregonny
microdistrict was formed in the Buranchin area, where the
construction of an oil refinery began later. In 1933, the Bashkir
regional committee of the CPSU (b) decided to build the
Ufa-Ishimbaevo railway. In the fall of 1934, the Dyoma - Sterlitamak
- Ishimbaevo railway line was put into operation.
In 1934, the
oil field was named after S. M. Kirov. During these years, the
construction of workshops for drillers and oil producers began,
which grew into modern machine-building plants, a sawmill and a
carpentry workshop were erected, which provided industrial, cultural
and household facilities with material.
On March 29, 1934, a decree of the Presidium of the Central
Executive Committee of the BASSR "On the organization of the working
village of the Ishimbaevsk oil fields" was issued, and on June 10 of
the same year, the working settlement of Ishimbai was formed by the
minutes of the meeting of the Presidium of the All-Russian Executive
Committee of Soviets. The new settlement included the villages of
Irek, Ishimbaevo, Kyzyl Aul and Yurmaty, and he himself became
subordinate to the Sterlitamak district. The village developed at a
rapid pace, residential buildings spontaneously appeared in it.
In 1935, the Bashneft trust was organized in Ishimbay (in 1940
it was renamed the Ishimbayneft trust). In 1936, the first oil
refinery in Bashkiria and in the east of the country was built at
Peregonnoye, later known as the State Union Plant No. 433, the
construction of which began a year earlier.
By the resolution
of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee "On the formation of
new regions in the Bashkir ASSR" dated March 20, 1937, the working
settlement of Ishimbay became the center of the Ishimbay region. It
includes the lands of the Makarovsky District (Kusyapkulovsky
Village Council and Baiguzinsky Village Council), Naumovsky Village
Council, separated from the Sterlitamak District. At the end of
1937, the Ishimbaevo-Ufa oil pipeline was commissioned. On August
22, 1939, a meeting of the presidium of the district executive
committee of the district councils took place, which “decided to ask
the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the BASSR to satisfy the
petition of oil workers to rename the settlement into a city; to
assign a name to the city of Neftegrad. "
City of Labor Valor
In 1941 the Great Patriotic War began. Military operations in
Ishimbay did not take place, but the city provided serious rear
support to the front. The residents of the city made a worthy
contribution to the formation of the Defense Fund. At a meeting of
the Ishimbay oil refiners on August 7, 1941, it was decided to
contribute one-day's earnings to the Fund every month, until the end
of the war, and to work out two Sundays for it every month. In
September 1941, Ishimbays contributed 400 thousand rubles to the
Defense Fund
Ishimbay drillers drilled 275 thousand meters of
wells, which is 40 thousand times more than in the pre-war period.
During the war years, oil workers produced about 4.5 million tons of
oil for the country. This meant that every fifth tank and aircraft
on the fronts was fueled with fuel made from Ishimbay oil.
The formation of the machine-building industry began. From Baku to
Ishimbay the mechanical plant named after I. Stalin. Since 1943, the
State Union Machine-Building Plant named after Stalin. The
enterprise produced ammunition, fishing tools, chisels, and turned
out guide sleeves for Katyushas.
In 1942, with the aim of
increasing the production of fuels and lubricants and special
products for the fronts in the left-bank part of Ishimbay,
construction began on pyrolysis plant No. 89, which later became the
State Union Plant No. 411. During this period, a gasoline plant
began to operate for processing oil gas and producing gasoline.
During the war years, brick and carbide factories were also
commissioned.
On October 6, 1942, the founder of the city and the
discoverer of Bashkir oil, engineer-geologist A.A. Blokhin, died in
Ishimbay. The head of the city, M.S. Platonov, decided to bury him
in the city square on Geological Street. Later, a white marble
obelisk in the form of an oil rig, designed by I.M.Pavlov, was
installed on the grave.
In Ishimbay, a patriotic movement was
formed to raise funds for the creation of tank columns and
squadrons. All residents of the city took part in this, contributed
more than 1 million rubles to the Defense Fund. As a token of
gratitude, JV Stalin sent a telegram to the Executive Committee of
the City Council and the City Committee of the Party: “Give the
workers of the city of Ishimbay, who have collected 1,165,000
rubles. for the construction of a squadron of fighters "Bashkir
Oilman", my brotherly greetings and gratitude to the Red Army! "
Post-war period and further development
In the post-war
years, an economic recovery began in Ishimbay. In 1947-1948, on the
basis of the pyrolysis State Union Plant No. 411, the State Union
Plant No. 433, the State Union Commodity and Oil Pipeline Office,
and the gasoline plant, the Ishimbay Oil Refinery was formed.
In 1948, in the area of the village of Bolshoy Allaguvat,
Sterlitamak district, seven kilometers from Ishimbay, it was decided
to build a petrochemical plant No. 18. Construction management and
responsibility for commissioning the main facilities of the plant
was entrusted to the Ishimbay city party organization. A settlement
was formed next to the plant as part of the city, which was named
after Salavat Yulaev on July 7, 1949. The numbering of the schools
being built in the village continued after the Ishimbay schools. The
Novo-Ishimbay oil refinery was built on the territory of the plant.
The settlement of Salavat remained subordinate to the Ishimbay City
Council until 1954, when it became an independent city of republican
subordination. It was Ishimbay who laid the foundation for both the
plant and the city, significantly helped in their development,
sheltered its first builders.
In the early 1950s, the Central
Committee of the CPSU and the USSR Council of Ministers provided
great assistance in the development of the city. In 1950, a new club
was opened on Geological Street. S. M. Kirov. In 1952, I. V. Stalin
approved the project for the development of the city of Ishimbay. In
1952-1953 the city was part of the Sterlitamak region of the Bashkir
ASSR. In 1956, a hosiery factory was opened.
In 1959, the city's
first cinema "Sputnik" (Novostroyka microdistrict) and a builders'
club (Sovetskaya Street) were opened, at the same time a new club of
oil refiners appeared (Peregonny microdistrict). In 1961, the
opening of the Palace of Culture of Oilmen named after I. S. M.
Kirov. In 1962 a dispensary was opened, later named "The Seagull".
In 1964, on the basis of school No. 5, the opening of the first
local history museum took place; the cinema "Yondoz" was opened (Old
Ishimbay microdistrict). In 1966, a second light industry
enterprise, a knitwear factory, appeared. In 1969 the Zarya Hotel
was opened.
In 1972 the title of "Honorary Citizen of the
city of Ishimbay" was approved; the club of the state farm "Oilman"
was opened. During these years, there was a restructuring of the
national economy from oil production to mechanical engineering. In
1973 the Ishimbay experimental mechanical plant was put into
operation. In 1975 the Pioner children's cinema was opened. In 1977,
a transport engineering plant and an oilfield equipment plant were
built. It was planned to create one of the largest machine-building
associations of the all-Union scale, by including the Ishimbay
machine-building plant, an oilfield equipment plant and the
construction of a new plant of modular installations, which was not
put into operation.
In the 1980s, the liquidation of the Ishimbay
oil refinery took place in stages. Shop No. 2, located at
Peregonnoye, was liquidated and transferred to the production
association Glavbashavtotrans, as a result of which oil refining
remained only at the left-bank oil refinery. In 1985, construction
of the Ishimbay Specialized Chemical Catalyst Plant (ISKhZK) began
on the refinery area. On July 27, 1988, the first two-hall cinema
"Ikar" was opened. In 1990, the Ishimbay oil refinery was
liquidated, and its area was completely occupied by the ISKhZK.
In the late 1980s, it was planned to radically transform
Ishimbay. It was planned to build a timber industry complex, which
was supposed to produce parquet flooring, furniture blanks,
chipboards. In the area of the experimental mechanical plant, it
was planned to launch the construction of an artistic ceramics
factory. It was also planned to build a new bakery, a semi-finished
product factory, a vegetable store and a pickling station. A brick
factory was under construction in the vicinity of Neftyanik, the
construction of which was never completed. This was due to
restructuring, which halted numerous large projects to improve
industrial potential.
Post-Soviet period
In 1990, a mosque
was opened on Mira Street. In 1992, a unique for Russia plant for
the production of loader cranes INMAN was put into operation. In
1998, on the site of the abandoned construction of the plant of
block installations, the roofing materials plant "Krovlestom" was
built. In 1997 the Ishimbay Museum of History and Local Lore was
opened, created thanks to V.L. Ignatiev.
On January 18, 2000,
in accordance with the decree of the President of the Republic of
Bashkortostan "On the formation of the administration of the city of
Ishimbay and the Ishimbay region of the Republic of Bashkortostan",
the administration of the city of Ishimbay and the Ishimbay region
was formed by merging the administration of the city of Ishimbay and
the administration of the Ishimbay region.
In 2000, a museum
of public education was opened, created by the efforts of V.V.
Babushkin. In 2001, as a result of the bankruptcy of the oilfield
equipment plant, its former foundry was transformed into OJSC
Ishimbay Foundry Neftemash. In 2004, the opening of the Orthodox
Holy Trinity Church took place.
2005 had the most serious impact on the economy of Ishimbay. The
Neftemash foundry was liquidated, resulting in the demolition of its
workshops, which is about half of the former oilfield equipment
plant. The same fate befell IZTM, which significantly reduced its
areas, on one of which a new enterprise, the Ishimbay Machine-Tool
Repair Plant, appeared. Due to bankruptcy, the Special Chemical
Plant of Catalysts reduced its territory, providing it to
Agidel-nefteproduktservice LLC. The new enterprise, which emerged on
the site of the former oil refinery, in the near future planned to
re-organize oil refining in the city.
On January 1, 2006, in
the course of the municipal reform, the city of Ishimbay became part
of the municipal formation "Urban Settlement City of Ishimbay" of
the territorial unit of the municipal formation "Municipal District
of Ishimbay District".
In 2010, the Ishimbay public
ethnographic museum "Yurmaty" was opened. On January 15, 2013, the
only cinema complex in the city “Ikar” was closed.
In 2013,
Ishimbay residents turned to RZ Khamitov with a request to confer
the title of "City of Labor Glory" on Ishimbay. Since 2015, the
regional government has been considering this initiative. In 2016,
the city of Ishimbay was awarded the honorary title "City of Labor
Valor and Glory" by the resolution of the Presidium of the
Interstate Union of Hero Cities. The city was awarded this title for
its great contribution to the victory in the Great Patriotic War and
for massive labor heroism in peacetime.