Iskitim is a city (since 1938) in the Novosibirsk region of Russia. It is part of the Novosibirsk agglomeration. It is the administrative center of the Iskitim district (not included in it). The city of regional significance, forms the municipal formation of the city of Iskitim with the status of an urban district as the only settlement in its composition. Population - 56,033 people. (2020).
According to one of the numerous etymological versions, the name "Iskitim" is considered to be derived from the ethnonym "Askishtim (Ashkitim, Azkeshtim)" - an ancient tribal group of Teleuts of the steppe Turks living in the area, and translated from Turkic means "pit" or "bowl". Indeed, the city is actually located in a basin. This nomadic people came to southern Siberia (and, in particular, to the Ob region) in the 15th-17th centuries. within the boundaries of the Oirat Khanate (Turkic-speaking peoples). At the same time, they ousted the Finno-Ugric peoples who previously lived here. The population density in Western Siberia in the Middle Ages was extremely small and the total number of Teleuts by the 17th century in the Upper Ob region and in the foothills of Altai was only a few thousand people. In the next two centuries, the Russian Cossacks and the Russian peasantry became the dominant population.
The city is located on the Berd
River (the right tributary of the Ob), 26 km south of Novosibirsk.
Iskitim Train Station is 57 km from Novosibirsk-Glavny Train
Station.
Iskitim area according to data for 2008 - 29.9 km².
A continental climate prevails. Winters are harsh and long. Summers are hot and short. The average annual rainfall is 450 mm.
MSK + 4
Iskitim is in the time zone Moscow
+ 4. The time offset from UTC is +7: 00.
In 1604,
a large Tomsk prison was built, from which the Cossacks built a
chain of new defensive (from the Dzungars and Kyrgyz tribes) forts,
one of which was located in the area of modern Berdsk. The jails
were surrounded by Cossack notices and settlements.
By the
census of 1717, on the site of modern Iskitim, there were already
the villages of Shipunovo, Koinovo, Chernodyrovo (after the name of
the Chernodyrikha river, which was renamed Chernaya in Soviet times)
and Vylkovo.
From 1886 to 1917, the territory of the environs
of the future Iskitim belonged to the Koinovo volost of the Barnaul
district of the Tomsk province, after the Civil War, from 1920 to
1922 - to the Novo-Nikolaevsky district.
Two factors
contributed to the economic development of settlements in
Koinovskaya volost in the 19th century:
the Barnaul tract passed
through the territory (the road from Tomsk to the royal Altai
factories);
the discovery at the end of the 19th century of a
limestone deposit, which was mastered in small volumes by local
merchants.
In 1912, the construction of the Altai railway
began, linking Barnaul and Transsib at the site of the
Novonikolaevsk station, which was completed in 1916. Not far from
the railway, junction No. 5 was built, later renamed Iskitim
station. In the early 1920s, 2 trailers were installed at the
station, which replaced the station. In the 1930s, the first wooden
building of the Iskitim railway siding station was built. In the
second half of the 1920s, the administrative center of district
rural settlements, the Iskitim village council, was formed here.
At the beginning of the 20th century (including the period of
the Civil War), the territory was assigned sequentially:
to
the Koinovskaya volost of the Barnaul district, first to Tomsk, and
from the summer of 1917 - to the Altai province. In the fall of
1918, the Kolchak power of the whites abolished the Koinovo volost,
including the territories of modern Iskitim and its modern environs
to the Berdsk volost of the Tomsk province.
In January 1920,
Sibrevkom restored (or rather, did not recognize Kolchak's decision
to abolish) the Koinovskaya volost. The volost belongs to the
Novo-Nikolaevsky district of the Tomsk province.
in 1922,
Sibrevkom again abolished the Koinovskaya volost, including its
territory in the Berdsk volost of the Novo-Nikolaevsky district of
the newly created Novo-Nikolaevskaya province (1922-1925);
to the
Berdsk district of the Novosibirsk district (1925-1933), first the
Siberian Territory (1925-1930), then the West Siberian Territory (in
1930-1933);
to the Cherepanovsky District of the West Siberian
Territory (in 1933-1935).
During the establishment of Soviet
power in 1917, Afanasy Skorokhodov, a sailor of the Baltic Fleet
(crew of the military cruiser Zhemchug), who returned to his
homeland in 1916 and who had lost his legs in the war, was elected
chairman of the volost council of soldiers, workers and peasants'
deputies. After the fall of Soviet power in the summer of 1918, A.
Skorokhodov was arrested. When the Kolchakites were selecting
Bolshevik political prisoners for execution, Skorokhodov managed to
hide in a column of criminals sent to the Nikolsko-Ussuriysk prison
fortress. There, the Bolshevik sailors from the Zhemchug learned
about him, who in the spring of 1917 found themselves in the Far
East and organized an escape. In 1920, A. Skorokhodov returned to
the village of Koinovo occupied by the Red Army. I got married a
second time. He again became the head of the Koynovsky Selrevkom and
the Volost Executive Committee. He did not live long after that. On
January 21, 1924, Skorokhodov died without working for only 8 days,
although he was ill for a very long time, just for the last 8 days
he literally went to bed. It was decided to preserve the Bolshevik's
endurance in the memory of generations, the first of the Executive
Committee was erected in Koinovo, a monument that is still a
monument of the Civil War era in Iskitim.
Cultural institutions of Iskitim: houses of culture - Molodist
(Industrial microdistrict), Cementnik (Northern microdistrict),
Oktyabr (in Lozhok microdistrict), RDK im. Leninsky Komsomol
(Central microdistrict), as well as the palace of culture "Russia"
(Southern microdistrict).
Park of culture and recreation
named after I.V. Koroteev and a monument to I.V.Koroteev.
City History and Art Museum
The Iskitim City History and Art
Museum was opened to visitors on November 4, 1977. The museum was
originally formed in two directions and is complex, consists of two
sections: historical and artistic. The museum keeps 24 collections,
more than 19 thousand exhibits. The most ancient are the exhibits of
the paleontological and archaeological collections. The most modern
- materials testifying to the participation of Iskitim in the
Chechen wars.
Storage units: 19 839, of which items of the
main fund: 17 648, including: ethnographic collection - 1759 units,
icon collection - 200 units, numismatics collection - 3898 units,
natural history collection - 563 units, photos and documents from
the collection “V. M. Shukshin. Life and Creativity "- 250 units.
Museum of Memory of Victims of Political Repression
The
museum was opened on May 3, 2019 in the Lozhok microdistrict in the
basement of the church in honor of the New Martyrs and Confessors of
the Russian Church, built on the site where in the Soviet years,
from 1929 to 1956, the Special Camp No. 4 Siblag was located.
According to various estimates, about 30 thousand people were killed
in this camp, whose corpses were buried in common pits, burned in
industrial zone furnaces or simply thrown into the forest. In five
museum halls, documents and personal belongings of Siblag prisoners,
miraculously preserved photographs, prisoners' tools are displayed.
In one of the rooms of the museum, the isolation cell was
reconstructed.