Novosibirsk region is a subject of the Russian Federation. It is part of the Siberian Federal District. The administrative center is the city of Novosibirsk.
1 Novosibirsk reservoir (Ob Sea).
2 Karakansky forest.
3 Lake Chany.
4 Lake Karachi.
5 Nature reserve “Kirzinsky”.
6 Bugotaksky hills.
7 Berd rocks. Picturesque rocky outcrops on the
Berd River, which are part of the Salair Ridge, are a completely
atypical landscape for the Novosibirsk region, rather typical of the
Altai foothills. There are several rocky areas on the river, but the
most famous and visited place by tourists is the Zveroboy rock, from the
top of which there is a wonderful view of the winding Berd. The
surrounding area is covered with mixed forest with clean air, and in the
spring you can see the flowering of many different plants. There are
many wild birds and animals. You can get there by car from Novosibirsk
as follows: take the P256 highway south to Linevo, where you turn left
to the east. You can turn before reaching Linevo (the first left turn
after Evsino) - this way you will find yourself on a much lower-quality
technological road, where you can see how anthracite is transported from
the Urgunsky and Gorlovsky coal mines. Further through Guselnikovo,
Legostaevo and Malinovka you should drive to the village of
Novososedovo. In Novososedovo you need to cross the Ik River, which can
be a problem in the spring - the river overflows and floods the road
bridge (which is simply several large pipes along the river flow,
covered with crushed stone on top). However, the path can be continued
on foot across the pedestrian bridge, from which it remains about 3
kilometers to St. John’s Wort. Having almost passed the village, there
will be a right turn onto a dirt road, where there will be a wooden arch
“St. John’s Wort Ecological Trail”. It should be noted that the rocks
are located in the Legostaevsky reserve, where there are restrictions on
the passage of vehicles, making fires, organizing overnight stays,
fishing, etc. Compliance with them is sometimes monitored, but
information about the restrictions and boundaries of the reserve is not
provided.
8 Chingis village.
9 Belovsky waterfall.
10 Barsukovskaya cave.
11 Holy spring at Lozhok station (Iskitim).
12 Iskitim marble quarry.
13 Zavolokinskaya village (Novy Sharap
village, near the bridge over the Sharap river). Every two years in the
summer, 100 km from Novosibirsk along the Ordynskaya highway, the music
festival “Play, Harmony!” is held. named after Gennady Zavolokin,
harmonica player and founder of the famous TV show, who died in this
place in a car accident in 2001. Here in 2005 a chapel “In the name of
St. Gennady of Athos” was erected, and there is also a museum and a
monument to Gennady Zavolokin.
Only Russian. A traveler who doesn’t know even a little Russian will have a hard time finding someone who can speak English (especially outside Novosibirsk).
By plane
Novosibirsk is a large and important air transport hub,
where the Novosibirsk International Airport (IATA:OVB) Tolmachevo is
located.
By train
The main railway line passing through the
region is the Trans-Siberian Railway (Transsib). There are two stations:
Barabinsk and Novosibirsk. You can get to Novosibirsk from Moscow from
Yaroslavsky or Kazansky railway stations by trains traveling along the
Trans-Siberian Railway, or by branded train No. 026N Moscow-Novosibirsk
“Sibiryak” departing every other day. Travel time is less than two days,
the distance is about 3,300 kilometers.
The second main highway is
the Altai Railway, running from Novosibirsk to the south, towards
Barnaul and further to Kazakhstan.
By car
Three federal
highways pass through the region - “Baikal”: M51 and M53, “Chuysky
Tract” M52. Entry into the region is possible along the M51 highway from
Omsk, and along the M53 highway from Tomsk and Kemerovo. The Chuisky
tract connects the Novosibirsk region with Altai, and then with
Mongolia.
Maslyakha village. A village of fishermen on the border of the Novosibirsk region and the Altai region. The entire route passing through the village is lined with shopping centers where they sell fish caught in the Ob Reservoir - smoked, fresh, frozen. An excellent place to try and take with you on the road pike perch, burbot, pike, bream, or some other type of fish. In addition, the village is located in a very picturesque place on the route - a pine forest, steppe and the reservoir itself with many islands connect here.
The Novosibirsk region is located in the center and east of the
southern part of the West Siberian Plain and belongs to the Siberian
Federal District. The area of the region is 177.76 thousand km². The
length of the region from west to east is 642 km, from north to south –
444 km.
In the north it borders with the Tomsk region, in the
southwest - with Kazakhstan, in the west - with the Omsk region, in the
south - with the Altai Territory, in the east - with the Kemerovo
region.
The main rivers of the region are the Ob and Om. The dam of the Novosibirsk hydroelectric power station formed the Novosibirsk reservoir (the so-called “Ob Sea”). Also in the region there are about 3 thousand freshwater, salt and bitter-salt lakes (Chany, Ubinskoye, Sartlan, etc.). The north and north-west of the region is occupied by the southern part of the world's largest Vasyugan swamp. Swamp soils account for 22.5% of the region's area, ~40 thousand km².
The climate is continental, the average January temperature ranges
from −16 in the south to −20 °C in the northern regions. The average
temperature in July is +16…+20 °C. The average annual air temperature is
0.2 °C. The absolute maximum is +45.1 °C, the minimum is −52 °C.
Frosts on the soil begin at the end of September and end at the end of
May. The duration of the cold period is 178, the warm period is 188, and
the frost-free period is 120 days.
Annual precipitation is ≈ 425
mm, of which 20% falls in May-June, in particular, from April to October
(on average) 330 mm of precipitation falls, and from November to March -
95 mm.
There are 86 cloudless days a year, 67 with continuous
clouds.
The region is located in the steppe, forest-steppe and taiga zones.
The forest fund is 6.49 million hectares, 4.67 million hectares and
46.7 thousand km² are covered with forest, or more than 1/5 of the
region’s territory. The highest percentage of forest cover is in the
southern taiga subzone (35%), where conifers (fir, spruce, pine, cedar)
dominate with an admixture of birch, aspen and rarely larch. Both the
Salair region (34%) and the region of the Ob pine forests (24%) are
characterized by increased forest cover. In the Barabinskaya Lowland
(11% forest cover) birch-aspen “splitting trees” predominate. Meadows
and pastures are mainly in the Barabinskaya lowland and along the
valleys of large rivers.
The fauna of the region is diverse. In the north, forest areas are inhabited by: bear, reindeer, elk, lynx, roe deer, wolverine, otter, and river beaver. The basis of the fur trade is squirrel, weasel, and ermine. Birds include capercaillie and hazel grouse. The forest-steppe zone is inhabited by: wolf, corsac fox, ermine, weasel, jerboa, white hare, brown hare; in the Baraby lakes - muskrat, water vole.
The Novosibirsk region is located in the MSC+4 time zone. The applied
time offset relative to UTC is +7:00.
With the introduction of
standard time in Russia (1919), the territory of the future Novosibirsk
region was divided between the 5th and 6th time zones, the border
running along the Ob River. Only in 1956 was the decision “On the
establishment of new boundaries of time zones on the territory of the
USSR” made, which tied the boundaries of time zones to the boundaries of
regions and territories. Since March 1, 1957, the territory of the
Novosibirsk region was completely assigned to the 6th time zone, with a
difference of +4 hours from Moscow time. On May 23, 1993, the region
moved to the fifth time zone (MSK+3). And on July 24, 2016, the
Novosibirsk region returned to the UTC+7 time zone.
The territory of the Novosibirsk region, due to its location on the border of two natural zones and historical and cultural regions - the Siberian taiga and the Eurasian steppe, for thousands of years played the role of a buffer zone or borderland of different peoples. Since ancient times, there has been a mixture and mutual influence of forest and steppe cultures - the ancient Ugro-Samoyeds and ancient Iranians, then in the Middle Ages the Samoyeds, Turks and Mongols, in the New Age - the Turks and Slavs. Since the 13th century, the territory of the region was part of the sphere of influence of the Mongol Empire, after the collapse of which it was part of the Golden Horde, and then two early feudal state formations of Turkic tribes - the Siberian Khanate and the so-called Teleut land. Since the 18th century, the entire modern territory of the region has been part of the Russian state. In the Russian Empire since the 19th century - part of the Tomsk province. Within its modern borders, the region has existed since 1944, was part of the RSFSR. After Kazakhstan declared its independence, the region again became a border region - its southwestern border is also the state border of the Russian Federation.
In the Novosibirsk region, compared to its immediate surroundings
(for example, with the Altai Mountains, the Kuznetsk Basin), humans
appeared relatively late - at the end of the Paleolithic era. Upper
Paleolithic sites discovered in the Baraba Lowland (Volchya Griva,
Vengerovo) and in the spurs of the Salair Ridge indicate that people
settled in this area in the final Pleistocene (16-12 thousand years
ago). The most ancient traces of human presence in the Novosibirsk
region are the periphery of the settlement near the accumulation of
paleoremains Volchya Griva. In Volchya Griva, a fragment of a mammoth
femur with a man-made niche was found, into which an arctic fox skull
was inserted, aged slightly more than 19 thousand years. The most
typical representatives of the fauna of the West Siberian Plain at that
time were the mammoth, reindeer, bear, bison and woolly rhinoceros. All
these animals were game species for the population of the region, their
meat was used for food, and their skins and bones for economic purposes.
The Paleolithic era in the south of the West Siberian Plain was
replaced by the Mesolithic era in 10-8 thousand BC. The Ice Age ended,
and the climatic conditions became similar to modern ones. Mammoths and
other representatives of the "mammoth fauna" disappeared. A new stage of
economic development of the region began. Man widely used bows and
arrows, with which he hunted fast-moving animals. Deer and elk became
the basis of his prey. The importance of fishing increased. The arrival
of new settlers from the south and west continued.
The Neolithic
of Western Siberia covers the period from the 7th to the beginning of
the 3rd millennium BC. On the territory of the archaeological sites of
Avtodrom-2/4 and Tartas-1, archaeologists have identified the Baraba
culture of the early Neolithic (7th millennium BC).
Analysis of
the materials shows that during the developed Neolithic period, the
tribes of Priobye were part of a single cultural and historical
community with the population of the Southern and Middle Trans-Urals.
They were probably the ancestors of the Samoyedic and Ugric tribes,
bordering in the west with the ancestors of the Finnish tribes of
Eastern Europe, and in the south - with the ancient Indo-European
(Iranian-speaking) tribes of Central Asia, known as the Scythians/Sakas
and Massagetae.
At the end of the Neolithic era, the Ugric
community, which occupied vast areas of Western Siberia, disintegrated
into a number of cultures with unique appearances. In the eastern part
of Baraba and Upper Priobye, the Upper Ob Neolithic culture stands out,
the monuments of which (the most famous of them were discovered near the
village of Zavyalovo) are settlements and burial grounds. During
excavations of burial grounds and settlements, a significant amount of
locally produced stone tools were discovered: knife-shaped plates and
scrapers, axes, drills, augers, etc. Among the materials of this
culture, stone figurines of a bear, fish, and bone figurines of elk are
also known. For people buried in the burial grounds of the Upper Ob
Neolithic culture, as well as for the population of the forest-steppe
zone of the West Siberian Plain in general, a mixed anthropological
composition is characteristic: features of the northern paleomongoloids
and paleo-Europeanoids of the Eurasian steppes can be traced. Eleven
skulls (five male and six female) from two funeral and burial complexes
of the Neolithic burial ground Vengerovo-2A are dated to the second half
of the 6th — first half of the 5th millennium BC. Excavations in the
Ust-Tartas burial ground have shown that cannibalism flourished in the
Neolithic. A Neolithic fish smokehouse was found at the archaeological
site of Tartas-1. Analysis of individual data of craniological series of
the Odinovo culture from the necropolises of Tartas-1 and
Preobrazhenka-6 revealed the presence of single skulls that differ from
the anthropological type of the autochthonous Baraba population and are
similar to skulls from burials in the settlement of Botai, dated to the
end of the 4th — 3rd millennium BC. The burial ground Sopka-2/4a belongs
to the Odinovo culture. Neolithic burials identified as belonging to the
Kuznetsk-Altai culture have also been discovered in the Novosibirsk
Region, for example, a burial ground near the village of Ordynskoye.
The economy of the aforementioned Neolithic cultures was
appropriative. Hunting for elk, deer, hare, fur animals and waterfowl
played a major role. Their bone remains have been found in settlements
on the banks of the Ob and its tributaries. They hunted with bows and
arrows, and possibly with the help of various traps. One of the main
activities was fishing, which was facilitated by the presence of lakes
(including flowing ones), rivers and backwaters, which were very rich in
fish. Fish were caught with nets, "locks" were set, harpoons were well
known. Fish hooks appeared at the end of the Neolithic era. Numerous
finds of flakes on Neolithic sites are evidence that stone tools were
made by local craftsmen. As in the Mesolithic era, they were made of
low-quality quartzite. There are also products made of higher quality
rocks: flint, jasper, crystal, etc. They were obtained from Eastern
Kazakhstan or from the spurs of the Altai. The population of the
Kuznetsk-Altai culture, living in close proximity to the Northern Altai,
could more easily make large tools. There was a further improvement in
stone processing technology, new tools adapted for working with wood
appeared. The first artificial material began to be used - ceramics.
From the 3rd millennium BC in the forest-steppe zone of the West
Siberian Plain began the era of another artificial material - bronze,
which lasted until the first centuries of the 1st millennium BC.
The Ust-Tartas culture of the early bronze (Sopka-2/3, Sopka-2/ZA) dates
back to the 4th - first half of the 3rd millennium BC.
From the
end of the 3rd - beginning of the 2nd millennium BC. the final
transition to a productive system of economy — cattle breeding and
agriculture — takes place. In the closed forest areas of the Ob region,
these processes were slower. In the first third of the 2nd millennium
BC, the Samus culture developed in the south of the taiga zone. The
Samus culture was widespread in the Upper Ob region from the 16th-15th
centuries to the 13th-12th centuries BC. The Krokhalev culture is one of
the bright, distinctive cultures of the Bronze Age with its own unique
ceramic complex.
In the second half of the 2nd millennium BC, the
Caucasoid cattle breeding tribes of the Andronovo cultural and
historical community — presumably speakers of Indo-Iranian languages —
penetrated into Western Siberia from west to east along the steppe and
forest-steppe corridors. They come into contact with the local
forest-steppe tribes of the Krotovskaya culture and gradually assimilate
them, a special cultural phenomenon of the Samus-Seyma metallurgical
province is formed. The burial ground Sopka 2/4B, 4V belongs to the
Krotovskaya culture. In the 10th-8th centuries BC, as a result of the
synthesis of the alien Andronovo and a group of local cultures of the
Bronze Age, a cultural formation was formed, which received the name of
the Irmen culture, the area of which covers the territory from the
Irtysh to the Minusinsk Basin. Anthropological material, according to V.
A. Dremov, allows us to classify the bearers of the Irmen culture as
European. They developed on the Andronovo base, but a population that
had a noticeable Mongoloid admixture took part in their formation.
Cattle breeding played a leading role in the economy of these people.
They bred large and small cattle, horses. A characteristic feature of
the Irmen cattle breeding was the domestic keeping of livestock in
winter. A significant part of the livestock was slaughtered for winter
consumption, leaving the number of individuals necessary for
reproduction. The remaining animals wintered in houses. Keeping animals
under the same roof with people provided additional warmth and saved
energy on preparing fuel. Agriculture was also of great importance in
the Irmen economy. This is evidenced by the imprints of wheat grains and
weeds on the surface of clay vessels, as well as finds of not only
numerous fragments of grain grinders, but also rotating millstones,
which usually appear only at a sufficiently high level of agriculture.
Some scientists even suggest the possibility of the existence of arable
farming. Hunting and fishing were of subsidiary importance. Judging by
the spindle whorls, the Irmen were also engaged in weaving. Bronze
casting was developed, as evidenced by numerous bronze items and traces
of bronze on the walls of vessels. Bronze knives were used to process
bone, wood and horn, making various objects from them.
The
"Tourist-2" monument on the eastern bank of the Ob River in Novosibirsk
contains artifacts of the Krotovskaya and Irmen cultures and Turkic
burials from the Middle Ages.
The transition period from the
Bronze Age to the Iron Age in the Novosibirsk region falls on average at
the end of the 8th - beginning of the 6th century BC. In terms of its
content, this time was a continuation of the Bronze Age for Western
Siberia, but to the south and west of it, the Iron Age had already
begun, and a new Scythian-Siberian world was taking shape. In the West
Siberian archaeological material of this era, imported items of this
world begin to appear: typical "Scythian" bronze arrowheads, fragments
of bronze cauldrons and other artifacts. An important archaeological
monument of this transition period is the Chicha-1 settlement. The
complex of monuments near the village of Staraya Preobrazhenka in the
Chanovsky District consists of five monuments of the Bronze and Iron
Ages.
Monuments of the early Iron Age are represented in the
Novosibirsk region by materials from the forest Kulai, Kizhirov (6th-3rd
centuries BC) and forest-steppe Bolsherechenskaya cultures. The Kulai
culture existed until the 4th century, up until the early Middle Ages,
which is represented by the monuments of the Upper Ob culture of the
5th-9th centuries. It is associated with representatives of the
Ugro-Samoyed populations.
From the 10th century and up until the
Mongol campaigns, the Srostki culture spread across the Ob region, which
developed as a result of the mixing of the autochthonous Ugro-Samoyed
and the alien Turkic-speaking, Kimak-Kipchak population of the Altai
steppes and the Upper Irtysh region. At the final stage of the existence
of the Srostki culture, the influence of the Turkic substrate is even
stronger. Individual traces of the bearers of this cultural association
are found deep in the southern pre-taiga, where they played a role in
the further Turkification of the aborigines of the Ugric and Samoyed
populations, and in the process of the formation of the Siberian Tatars.
Traditionally, in the archaeology of Western Siberia, it is accepted
that the Early Iron Age in this region was followed by the Middle Ages,
so called conditionally, by analogy with European historiography. During
this period, Turkic-speaking peoples played an exceptional role in the
life of the population of the territory of modern Novosibirsk Oblast.
The appearance of Turkic-speaking tribes in the forest-steppe and
southern taiga zones of the West Siberian Plain was a consequence of
complex political collisions that occurred in the early states of
Southern Siberia. The formation of various nomadic empires led by khans
(khagans) - the Turkic and East Turkic, Uyghur, Kyrgyz Khaganates) - was
reflected in the historical destinies of the population of more northern
territories. It is possible to speak of the direct penetration of
significant groups of the Turkic-speaking population into the West
Siberian forest-steppe, apparently, starting from the 8th century. It
was the Turkification of the region, according to ethnographers, that
led to the emergence of those ethnic groups that the Russians
encountered when they appeared on the territory of the Baraba steppe and
the Upper Ob region, namely the Chat and Baraba Tatars.
In the
11th - 12th centuries, ground burials of the Venger culture with
truncated-pyramidal grave structures appeared in the Baraba steppe.
According to the "Secret History of the Mongols", in 1207, Genghis
Khan sent his eldest son Jochi at the head of an army to the lands
located west of Lake Baikal so that he could conquer the tribes living
in those forests. The tribes, without entering into battle, recognized
the dominance of the Mongol khan. As a result, the Mongol power was
recognized by all the Turkic-speaking tribes of Southern Siberia,
including the Tele nomads, who controlled the steppe and forest-steppe
zone north of Mongolia and Altai.
In the 13th-15th centuries, the
lands of the Novosibirsk region were the eastern outskirts of the Golden
Horde, and later, until the end of the 16th century, the Siberian
Khanate. The Baraba Tatars, subjects of the Siberian khans, lived and
currently live in the northwestern regions of the Novosibirsk region,
north of the Lake Chany basin, along the Om, Tartas, and Tara rivers.
Along the Ob, upstream from where the Ina flows into it, there were
lands of the Chat Tatars, an ethnic group now assimilated by the Tatars
and Russians. There are still settlements in which, presumably, the
descendants of the Chat Tatars live - the villages of Yurt-Ora and
Yurt-Akbalyk in the Kolyvan district. In addition, there is information
about the existence of a fortified settlement of the Chat Tatars in the
central part of modern Novosibirsk (Devil's Settlement). The right-bank
territories of modern Novosibirsk Oblast (to the east of the Ob), as
well as the southern ones (belonging to the Kulunda steppe) were at that
time under the rule of tribal associations of warlike Siberian nomads -
the Teleuts (Teleut land).
There are different approaches to
determining the age of currently existing settlements on the territory
of Novosibirsk Oblast. According to the historical information provided
on the official website of the Filoshenkov village council, this
settlement was founded by Tatars under the name of Aryntsass, and only
after the appearance of Russian settlers there did it receive a new name
by the name of the first Russian resident Filokha.
However,
traditional historical science claims that the mention of such early
dates can only be a consequence of the recording of the history of
villages from the words of old-timers. Objective data show that even
after the Battle of Irmen in 1598, when the political history of the
independent Siberian Khanate came to an end, the Baraba and Chat Tatars
continued to suffer from constant raids by the Oirats and Teleuts.
Russian settlements were also under this threat, so the colonists
preferred to settle further north, in the Tomsk region. Thus, despite
the relatively favorable, by Siberian standards, climatic conditions,
the territory of the Novosibirsk region began to be populated by
Russians only by the middle of the 17th century. Around 1644, the
village of Maslyanino was formed on the Berd River. In 1687, the village
of Zudovo was founded. In 1695, the boyar's son Alexei Kruglik founded a
farmstead - later it became the village of Kruglikovo, which still
exists in the Bolotninsky district. Soon after, several more villages
emerged - Pashkova, Krasulina, Gutova, Morozova (in the Berdsk area).
At the end of the 17th century, the first military fortifications
appeared on the territory of the region - forts: Urtamsky and
Umrevinsky, near which settlers from the European part of Russia began
to settle. Russian villages began to appear on the banks of the Oyash,
Chaus and Inya rivers. Around 1710, the village of Krivoshchekovskaya
was founded - the first Russian settlement on the territory of modern
Novosibirsk.
At the beginning of the 18th century, the Chausy and
Berdsk forts were built, ensuring security in the surrounding area. As
the risk of military raids by nomads decreased, the number of settlers
increased, and many migrants did not have official permission to change
their place of residence and were persecuted by the authorities to one
degree or another. In 1722, the Siberian line of fortresses was built
along the Irtysh River. It included the Ust-Tartas, Kainsk and Ubinsk
fortifications. In the first half of the 18th century, the settlement of
the southeastern part of Baraba and the northern part of Kulunda began.
However, the farmsteads and villages that were built were very small
and, as a rule, consisted of only a few households. The main occupations
of the population in the territory of today's Novosibirsk Oblast were
arable farming, fishing, hunting and haulage. At the beginning of the
18th century, the famous Ural industrialist Akinfiy Demidov built two
copper smelters - Kolyvansky and Barnaulsky. Other copper and silver
smelting plants were built on the Kasmala, Nizhny Suzun, Aley, and
Bolshaya Talmova rivers. The largest enterprise, the Suzunsky Copper
Smelter, was founded in 1764-1765, and in 1766 the Suzunsky Mint began
to operate, minting copper coins with an admixture of silver.
In
1893, in connection with the construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway
and the railway bridge across the Ob, the Aleksandrovsky settlement
appeared (since 1895, Novonikolaevsky). Due to its advantageous
geographical location, due to the intersection of the Trans-Siberian
Railway, the navigable Ob River, and transport routes connecting Siberia
with the European part of the Russian Empire, its trade and economic
importance quickly grew. In 1909, Novonikolayevsk received the status of
a city, and in 1925 it was renamed Novosibirsk.
Until 1921, the territory of Novosibirsk Oblast was part of Tomsk
Governorate, from 1921 to 1925 — Novonikolaevsk Governorate, from 1925
to 1930 — Siberian Krai, and from 1930 to 1937 — West Siberian Krai. On
September 28, 1937, by the Resolution of the Central Executive Committee
of the USSR, West Siberian Krai was divided into Novosibirsk Oblast and
Altai Krai. This date is considered the official day of the formation of
the region. On January 15, 1938, the Supreme Soviet of the USSR approved
the creation of Altai Krai and Novosibirsk Oblast.
In 1937, the
region included 36 districts, including the territories of today's Tomsk
and Kemerovo Oblasts. In 1943, Kemerovo Oblast was separated from
Novosibirsk Oblast, and in 1944 — Tomsk Oblast.
During the Great
Patriotic War, due to the reception of a huge number of evacuated
enterprises and population, the Novosibirsk Region became one of the
largest industrial regions of the USSR. In addition, 52 evacuation
hospitals for wounded soldiers of the Red Army were deployed in it - 23
in Novosibirsk, the rest in Mochische, Barabinsk, Bolotnoye, Berdsk,
Iskitim, Karasuk and Chany.
On October 23, 1956, for the
outstanding achievements of the workers of the Novosibirsk Region in
increasing grain production and delivering 100 million poods of grain to
the state in 1956, the Novosibirsk Region was awarded the Order of
Lenin. The region was awarded the second Order of Lenin in 1970.
In the early 1960s, a reform of the administrative-territorial division
took place in the USSR. In accordance with the decree of the Presidium
of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR "On the consolidation of districts
and change of subordination of districts and cities of the Novosibirsk
region" issued on February 1, 1963, instead of 32 rural districts in the
Novosibirsk region there should have been only 19. However, since 1964
the process went in the opposite direction, and after the separation of
the new Moshkovsky districts from the Novosibirsk and Bolotninsky
districts in 1972, it turned out that the changes in 1962-72 were
minimal: the Andreevsky, Veselovsky and Mikhailovsky districts
disappeared, but a new district appeared - Bagansky. On December 28,
1985, the State Commission accepted the Novosibirsk metro into
operation, and on January 7, 1986, the metro officially opened its doors
to passengers.
Order of Lenin (October 23, 1956) — For outstanding achievements of
workers of the Novosibirsk Region in increasing grain production and
delivering 100 million poods of grain to the state in 1956.
Order of
Lenin (January 27, 1970)
According to the State Statistics Committee of Russia, the population
of the region is 2,789,532 people (2024). Population density is 15.69
people/km² (2024). Urban population is 79.36% (2022).
Ethnic
composition of the population
According to the All-Russian Population
Census of 2010 (people):
Russians — 2,365,845
Germans — 30,924
Tatars — 24,158
Ukrainians — 22,098
Uzbeks — 12,655
Kazakhs —
10,705
Tajiks — 10,054
Armenians — 9,508
Azerbaijanis — 8,008
Kyrgyz — 6,506
Belarusians — 5,382
In 2016, the industrial production index amounted to 100.8% compared
to the corresponding level of the previous year, including in mining -
112.3%, in manufacturing - 100.1%, in the production and distribution of
electricity, gas and water - 100 ,1 %.
The average monthly
nominal accrued wages of employees of enterprises and organizations in
January-September 2020 amounted to 29,564 rubles. (In January-December
2016 - 29,133 rubles.)
The cost of living for the fourth quarter
of 2020 per capita was 11,845 rubles.
At the end of 2016, 2.210
million square meters of housing, or 36,901 apartments, were
commissioned in the region. The Novosibirsk region in the Siberian
Federal District remains the undisputed leader in terms of the volume of
completed housing.
The volume of housing commissioned in the
Novosibirsk region in 2020 is 1,944,449 sq. m. m., of which apartment
buildings (MCD) - 1,432,830 sq. m. and individual houses (IZHS) -
511,619 sq. m.
Retail trade turnover in the Novosibirsk region in
2019 amounted to 535.1 billion rubles, with a physical volume index in
comparable prices by 2018 of 102.7% (the average for the Siberian
Federal District is 102.9%). In the first half of 2020, retail trade
turnover amounted to 257.6 billion rubles with a physical volume index
of 98.4% compared to the corresponding period in 2019. In 2016, retail
trade turnover in the Novosibirsk region amounted to 449.4 billion
rubles (95.2% of the corresponding period in 2016) or 163.6 thousand
rubles per resident of the region. Among the regions of the Siberian
Federal District in retail trade, the region ranks second after the
Krasnoyarsk Territory (RUB 497.3 billion).
The trend of the birth
rate exceeding the death rate, registered since 2012 in the regional
registry office, continued in the region in 2016. Over the past year, in
the Novosibirsk region, 2,447 more birth certificates were registered
than death certificates.
At the end of 2019, the volume of
shipped goods of own production, work and services performed in the main
types of economic activities in industry amounted to 679.8 billion
rubles, the index of industrial production in the Novosibirsk region for
main types of activities amounted to 103.6% of the 2018 level.
In
2019, the volume of shipped products in mining operations amounted to
65.0 billion rubles, the industrial production index amounted to 106.3%
compared to 2018; in manufacturing, the volume of shipped products
amounted to 531.7 billion rubles, the industrial production index was
103.5% compared to 2018.
By type of economic activity: “providing
electricity, gas and steam; air conditioning”, the volume of shipped
products amounted to 67.8 billion rubles, “water supply; water disposal,
organization of waste collection and disposal, pollution elimination
activities" - 15.4 billion rubles. Industrial production index - 102.5%
and 95.1%, respectively.
In 2021, the budget was fulfilled -
revenues +237.73 billion rubles, expenses -222.28 billion rubles, the
annual surplus amounted to +~15.5 billion rubles
At the end of
June 2022 rules. The region adopted a national policy strategy until
2035.
The economy of the Novosibirsk Region is atypical for Russia. Since
the mid-2000s, the service sector has accounted for more than 60% of the
gross regional product, with a relatively small share of industry at
20-24%, and agriculture at 6-9%.
The projected total revenue of
the regional budget for 2018 is 131 billion 967.8 million rubles. The
total expenditure of the regional budget is 134 billion 173.8 million
rubles. The deficit of the regional budget is 2.2 billion rubles.
It is expected that in 2019 and 2020 the budget will be deficit-free
- projected revenues and expenditures will amount to 129.5 billion
rubles and 138.6 billion rubles, respectively.
There are more than 520 deposits of various minerals in the region.
The region has explored reserves of such minerals as coal, refractory
clays, peat, and clay. Oil and natural gas deposits have been discovered
in the northwest of the region. Explored reserves of the Gorlovka coal
basin, where high-quality anthracite is mined, amount to 905 million
tons, with forecast reserves of about 5.6 billion tons. Coking coal
reserves at the Zavyalovskoye deposit in Kuzbass amount to more than 50
million tons. Seven oil fields (Verkh-Tarskoye, Maloichskoye,
Vostochno-Tarskoye, Tai-Dasskoye, Rakitinskoye, Vostochnoye, and
Vostochno-Mezhovskoye) and one gas condensate field, Veselovskoye, have
been discovered in the Northern District of the region. The oil is close
in quality to the Brent brand. The average depth of productive strata is
about 2,500 m. The largest is the Verkh-Tarskoye field. Taking into
account the preliminary estimated reserves, it contains about 60% of all
oil reserves in the region. The remaining fields are small.
Verkh-Tarskoye and Maloichskoye - production of about 2 million tons per
year, the rest are mothballed. Explored oil reserves are about 43
million tons, projected - 113 million tons, but oil and gas fields are
gradually being decommissioned.
Peat reserves are estimated at
7.2 billion tons, but due to the high costs of its extraction and
processing, the development of peat deposits is practically not carried
out.
There are 100 sapropel lakes in the Novosibirsk region
(about 90 million tons of sapropel). However, only one deposit is used -
Lake Beloye, located 50 km north of Novosibirsk.
A large deposit
of non-ferrous metal ores has been discovered in the region — titanium
dioxide (≈ 1.7 million tons) and zirconium dioxide (≈ 7.2 million tons).
Industrial gold reserves in the Novosibirsk region are small and are
estimated at 17 tons. One ore and 24 placer deposits have been explored.
Four marble deposits have been discovered with reserves of more than
8.5 million m³, and the marble of two of them is highly decorative,
which is in high demand.
There are five quarries for the
extraction of building stone.
There are significant resources of
underground fresh, thermal and mineral waters. More than half a million
cubic meters of water are extracted daily from 9.5 thousand wells.
The total area of the forest fund of the Novosibirsk region is
about 4,490,000 hectares, including the area of the territory
occupied by coniferous species - 977,300 hectares (21.76%). The total
timber reserve of the main forest-forming species is estimated at
278,800,000 m³.
The industry accounts for 20.9% of the gross regional product of the
region; 19.8% of investments in fixed capital of the economy of the
Novosibirsk Region.
At the end of 2019, the volume of shipped
goods of own production, completed works and services in the main types
of economic activity in industry amounted to 679.8 billion rubles, the
industrial production index in the Novosibirsk Region for the main types
of activity was 103.6% of the 2018 level.
In 2019, the volume of
shipped products in the extraction of minerals amounted to 65.0 billion
rubles, the industrial production index was 106.3% of the 2018 level; in
the manufacturing industry, the volume of shipped products amounted to
531.7 billion rubles, the industrial production index was 103.5% of the
2018 level.
By the type of economic activity "supply of electric
energy, gas and steam; air conditioning", the volume of shipped products
amounted to 67.8 billion rubles, "water supply; water disposal, waste
collection and disposal, pollution control activities" — 15.4 billion
rubles. Industrial production index — 102.5% and 95.1% respectively.
During the USSR, mechanical engineering and food industries
dominated the industry. In the 1990s, due to falling demand and the
financial crisis in the country, these industries were in deep decline.
The industrial production index in the region was negative. In physical
terms, in 1998 the region produced a third of the 1990 output. Most of
the region's enterprises significantly reduced production, the basic
enterprises went bankrupt: Sibtekstilmash, Vega, Kometa, Khimplast.
External management was introduced and cancelled at the Kuzmin
Metallurgical Plant. The Tin Plant went bankrupt. VINAP OJSC and the
Novosibirsk Meat Canning Plant are experiencing significant
difficulties.
Today, the state of the enterprises is not as bad
as in 2000. The volume of production increased from 36.5 in 2000 to
256.4 billion rubles in 2008. Production grew by an average of 9.2%
annually. The 2008-2009 crisis passed without major losses. Since 2005,
the structure of industry has hardly changed.
Production of food products, beverages and tobacco — 26.3%
Production and distribution of electricity, gas and water — 21.3%
Production of electrical equipment, electronic and optical equipment —
8.3%
Metallurgy — 7%
Mining — 6.3%
Production of machinery and
equipment — 3.1%
Production of vehicles and equipment — 3.4%
Chemical production — 3.3%
Other — 21%
The food industry is
currently on the rise; mechanical engineering is being revived, which
provides 20% of the mechanical engineering products of Siberia. The
mechanical engineering complex is dominated by electrical engineering
(generators and turbines, large electric steel-smelting furnaces),
aircraft and instrument making, machine tool and agricultural machinery
production.
Sibelectroterm (NZETO) - in the form of JSC SKB Sibelektroterm
Tyazhstankogidropress - bankrupt
Electrosignal - bankrupt?
Stankosib
Sibselmash
NPO Elsib
Novosibirsk Instrument Plant
There are about 50 enterprises and organizations of the
military-industrial complex in the region. The overwhelming majority of
them are located in Novosibirsk, which is among the ten largest centers
of the military-industrial complex of Russia. The largest defense
enterprise (over 8.5 thousand employees) is OJSC Novosibirsk Aviation
Production Association named after V. P. Chkalov, which produces Su-34
fighter-bombers and also performs repairs and upgrades of Su-24
aircraft.
State Unitary Enterprise PO Novosibirsk Instrument-Making Plant
FSUE Siberian Research Institute of Aviation named after S. A. Chaplygin
AO Katod
FSUE Novosibirsk PO Luch
In the non-ferrous metallurgy
industry, the only tin smelting plant in the country (OAO Novosibirsk
Tin Plant), a refinery (gold smelting), plants for the production of
rare metals and for the production of nuclear fuel - the Novosibirsk
Plant of Chemical Concentrates stand out.
Ferrous metallurgy is
of an auxiliary nature and is represented by a small steel rolling plant
(Novosibirsk Metallurgical Plant).
The leading branch of the
construction materials industry is the production of precast concrete.
Coal predominates in the structure of fuel consumption (60%),
followed by gas and oil products. Novosibirsk Oblast has a developed
system of energy and heat supply, represented mainly by large thermal
power plants operating on coal. The installed capacity of power plants
in Novosibirsk Oblast is 2582 MW, including the Novosibirsk
Hydroelectric Power Station - 455 MW. Own needs for electricity are met
almost completely. According to the data of the unified dispatch control
of the energy systems of Siberia for 2010, the production and
consumption of electricity in the territory of the Novosibirsk Oblast
amounted to 15395.3 million kWh and 14949.2 million kWh, respectively.
In December 2011, the world's largest lithium-ion battery plant
began operating in Novosibirsk Oblast.
As of mid-2021, eight power plants with a total capacity of 3,031.2 MW were operating in the Novosibirsk Region, including one hydroelectric power plant and seven thermal power plants. In 2020, they generated 12,362 million kWh of electricity.
As of 01.01.2020, the rural population of the Novosibirsk Region was
581,815 people.
The Novosibirsk Region accounts for a quarter of
all agricultural land in Western Siberia.
The Baraba Steppe,
located within the Novosibirsk and Omsk Regions, is the most important
region for dairy farming, butter making, and agriculture in all of
Western Siberia. Until 1917, the region was famous for its butter
making. However, now large areas of land are plowed, the yield rarely
exceeds 20 c/ha; reclamation work is underway to drain swamps and
improve meadow lands.
Agrochemical survey of arable lands of six
natural and climatic zones of the Novosibirsk region: forest-steppe -
northern, southern, Priobye, Prisalairye, Baraba, as well as the steppe
revealed generally good and satisfactory content of humus, mobile
phosphorus and exchangeable potassium.
The agro-industrial
complex is the most important component of the economy of the
Novosibirsk region, where vital products for the population are
produced, and huge economic potential is concentrated. Investment policy
in the agro-industrial complex of the region is aimed primarily at
modernizing the livestock industry, which allows improving the
conditions for keeping livestock and poultry in farms in the region.
The branch of livestock specialization is dairy and meat cattle
breeding. The Kulunda districts are distinguished by their
specialization in fine-wool sheep breeding.
As of April 1, 2021,
there were 465.7 thousand (-5.5% compared to April 2020) heads of cattle
in farms of all categories, including 192.3 thousand (-3.0%) dairy cows,
476.9 thousand (+31.9%) pigs, 238.1 thousand (+9.4%) sheep and goats,
8991.5 thousand (-10.7%) poultry.
At the end of 2020, the milk
yield per forage cow was 5337 kg (+117 kg). In terms of gross milk
production, an increase of 41 thousand tons was achieved in 2020: 683
thousand tons of milk were produced in agricultural enterprises. This is
an absolute record for many decades.
The structure of the sown areas of the region is dominated by grain
crops - 65% (1993, wheat accounts for 34% of all crops), industrial
crops make up about 1%, potatoes and vegetables - 2%, forage crops - 40%
(including corn - 10% of all crops). In 2021, the gross harvest of grain
and leguminous crops amounted to 3480.7 thousand tons of grain in bunker
weight (3.1 million tons after processing), with an average yield of
23.3 c / ha, the highest in the entire history of agriculture in the
region. At the same time, 2092.7 thousand tons are wheat, 527.4 thousand
tons - barley, 289.6 thousand tons - oats, 216.8 thousand tons - peas.
The harvest allowed the region to take second place, overtaking
Krasnoyarsk Krai, in terms of gross grain harvest in the Siberian
Federal District.
In 2021, farmers applied the largest volumes of
mineral fertilizers - 131 thousand tons and treated record areas with
plant protection products - 2.5 million hectares. It was possible to
significantly increase the sown area, although not all districts managed
to do this. In 2020, the total sown area increased by 42 thousand
hectares, and in 2021 - by 40 thousand hectares. The total area was 2
million 46 thousand hectares. In 2020, the region's farms purchased more
than 2.1 thousand units of machinery and equipment for 8 billion rubles,
which made it possible to sow at a record pace this year - more than 100
thousand hectares daily. 3.1 million tons is the 2009 figure, but then
there were practically no industrial crops, and at present, another 350
thousand tons of industrial crops can be added to grain. In four
districts, the yield exceeded 30 c/ha, in the Kolyvan district they
reached the indicators of the southern and North Caucasian regions.
Third-class wheat accounted for 46.4% of the total volume, fourth -
38.6%, forage - 15%. In 2020, there was more third-class wheat - 52.7%,
but also more forage - 28.1%, the third class was 19.2%.
In 2020,
the gross harvest of grain and leguminous crops amounted to 2 million
651 thousand tons, with an average yield of 18.7 c/ha. Of these, wheat
is 1 million 712 thousand tons. In total, 1 million 418 thousand
hectares were threshed, which is 95.7% of the harvested area.
Wheat was harvested on 970.0 thousand hectares, 1,787.4 thousand tons
were threshed (+4.4%) with an average yield of 18.4 c/ha (+3.4%). Barley
was harvested from 182.0 thousand hectares, 382.3 thousand tons of this
crop were obtained (-3.0%), the average yield was 21.0 c/ha (-1.4%).
Potatoes were also completely dug up, the harvested area was 2.7
thousand hectares, 51.0 thousand tons were dug up with an average yield
of 187.0 c/ha. Vegetables were collected 28.6 thousand tons from 0.7
thousand hectares. The average yield was 400.8 c/ha (+18.8%).
The
Novosibirsk Region has named the leading varieties for the 2021 harvest.
The main emphasis is on the use of zoned varieties for sowing. Spring
wheat is one of the main cultivated crops in the Novosibirsk Region, the
sowing area in 2021 was 953.38 thousand hectares, or 49.1% of the total
spring sowing area. In 2021, 86.4% of the territory was sown with
domestic varieties (153.22 thousand tons). In the Novosibirsk Region,
peas are preferred among leguminous crops, in 2021 68.3% of seeds were
foreign varieties.
The Omsk Coral spring durum wheat variety from
the Omsk Scientific and Research Center showed the maximum yield of 62.0
c/ha in the Novosibirsk Region. In the Novosibirsk region in 2015, the
yield of buckwheat of the Yashlek variety was 46.4 c/ha, and the high
yield of buckwheat of the Dasha variety is also 26.3 c/ha, the average
for the region.
Hay harvesting amounted to 1.5 million tons, the
area of legumes was ~1.5 million hectares 15 thousand km².
Greenhouse vegetable growing is one of the strongest agricultural industries of the Novosibirsk region. The region reached 100% self-sufficiency in protected ground vegetables back in 2020. According to the results of 2021, thanks to the commissioning of another greenhouse complex, the provision of the Novosibirsk region with greenhouse cucumbers increased to 123.7%, greenhouse tomatoes to 147.4%. In 2021, the plants produced 44.5 thousand tons of products, including 35.7 thousand tons of cucumbers and 7.2 thousand tons of tomatoes. Among the largest producers of protected ground vegetables in the region are the greenhouse plants Novosibirsky, Tolmachevsky, Obskoy, Sady Giganta, as well as Ecoservice-Agro LLC. The total area of greenhouses at these enterprises: over 50 hectares.
A development plan for the region until 2030 has been created; in
2020, revenues exceeded the plan by 13 billion rubles.
With the
implementation of more than 400 events in 2021, about 65% has been
completed.
The volume of investments has exceeded 50 billion
rubles
An increase in GRP and profit is expected according to Max
in 2022 1.64 trillion rubles, in 2023 1.896 trillion rubles, profit in
2022 +262.5 billion rubles, in 2023 +293 billion rubles.
GRP/person by Max in 2022 587.7 thousand rubles/person, in 2023 633
thousand rubles/person
Investments in fixed capital by Max in
2022 +322.7 billion rubles, in 2023 +370 billion rubles
There are 11 airports in the region, Tolmachevo Airport is an
international airport of federal significance. Passenger traffic at
Tolmachevo Airport in 2019 increased by more than 838 thousand people
compared to 2018 and amounted to 6,747,151 passengers (+14.2%).
Passenger traffic on domestic flights increased by 14.5% to 4,903,212
people, on international flights - to 1,843,939 people (+13.3%). In
2019, Tolmachevo Airport handled 33,191 aircraft departures (+13%
compared to 2018), processed 34,142 tons of cargo and mail (+7% compared
to 2018), which is a record cargo flow figure in the entire history of
the airport.
The operational length of public railways (West
Siberian Railway) is 1,530 km. In 2019, the operational cargo turnover
in the region amounted to 96,091.8 million ton-km, net, which is 4.2%
higher than the 2018 level. Along with this, rail transport is of great
importance for providing suburban and interregional passenger
transportation. According to the results of 2019, more than 24.3 million
passengers were transported by rail, which is 3.0% higher than the level
of 2018, the suburban company JSC Express-Prigorod transported more than
22 million passengers.
The total length of highways in the
Novosibirsk Region is 29.8 thousand kilometers. Federal highways M51,
M52, M53, as well as highways P380, P384 pass through the territory of
the region.
The volume of foreign trade of the Novosibirsk Region in 2020 amounted to 5.38 billion dollars, including imports - 2.48 billion USD, exports - 2.9 billion USD. The main exported goods are mineral fuels (mainly coal), equipment and electrical machines. The leading recipients of exports are China, Kazakhstan and Germany. The imports of the Novosibirsk Region are dominated by machinery and equipment, electronics, ferrous metals and vehicles. The main suppliers are China, France and Kazakhstan. About 20% of imports to the Novosibirsk region are classified in official customs statistics.
There are 22 higher education institutions and branches in the
Novosibirsk Region that provide educational activities, training more
than 96,000 people in more than 500 areas and specialties. In total,
20,600 students were admitted to the first year of full-time education
at the region's universities in 2019. The number of teaching staff at
universities is more than 5,700 people, including more than 2,800
candidates of science and 770 doctors of science. Dozens of research
institutes, Novosibirsk State University, the NSU Physics and
Mathematics School, and the Institute for Circulatory Pathology Research
are located in the Novosibirsk Academgorodok. Not far from Novosibirsk,
in the science town of Koltsovo, there is the Vector State Research
Center of Virology and Biotechnology. The Siberian Branch of the Russian
Academy of Agricultural Sciences is located in the village of
Krasnoobsk. The Novosibirsk Region has a powerful complex of scientific
organizations, which is one of its competitive advantages. Thus, out of
117 organizations and 63 collective use centers under the jurisdiction
of FANO and located in the Siberian Federal District, 58 organizations
and 39 collective use centers are concentrated in Novosibirsk Oblast.
There are a large number of libraries in Novosibirsk, the largest of
which are the State Public Scientific and Technical Library of the
Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SPNTB SB RAS) and
the Novosibirsk State Regional Scientific Library (NGONB).
Since
April 1, 2010, Novosibirsk Oblast has been participating in an
experiment on teaching the course "Fundamentals of Religious Cultures
and Secular Ethics" (includes "Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture",
"Fundamentals of Islamic Culture", "Fundamentals of Buddhist Culture",
"Fundamentals of Jewish Culture", "Fundamentals of World Religious
Cultures", and "Fundamentals of Secular Ethics").
One of the cultural attractions of Novosibirsk is the theaters, among
which the most famous is the Opera and Ballet Theater, which has become
a kind of symbol of Novosibirsk.
Delegations from Novosibirsk
have repeatedly won the Youth Delphic Games of Russia, taking first
place in the overall team standings.
Novosibirsk State Academic Opera and Ballet Theater
Novosibirsk
Drama Theater "Stary Dom"
Novosibirsk Academic Youth Theater "Globus"
Novosibirsk State Academic Drama Theater "Krasny Fakel"
Novosibirsk
City Drama Theater under the direction of Sergei Afanasyev
Novosibirsk Theater of Musical Comedy
Novosibirsk Regional Puppet
Theater
Novosibirsk State Philharmonic
Bagansky District Museum of Local History
Barabinsky Museum of
Local History
Berdsky Historical and Art Museum
Bolotninsky
District Museum
Vengerovsky Museum of Local History
Dovolensky
Historical and Local History Museum
Zdvinsky District Museum of
Military and Labor Glory
Iskitim City Historical and Art Museum
Karasuksky Museum of Local History
Kargatsky Historical and Local
History Museum
Kolyvansky Museum of Local History
Kochenyovsky
Museum of Local History
Krasnozersky Art and Local History Museum
Kuibyshevsky Museum of Local History
Kupinsky District Museum and
Memorial Complex
Museum of Clay Toys (Kupino)
Kyshtovsky Museum of
Local History
Maslyaninsky Historical and Local History Museum
Moskovsky Museum of Local History
Novosibirsk Museum of Railway
Equipment
Museum "Siberian Birch Bark"
Museum of N. K. Roerich in
Novosibirsk
Museum of the Sun
Novosibirsk State Museum of Local
History
Novosibirsk State Art Museum
Museum of the City of
Novosibirsk
Ordynsky Historical and Art Museum
Bergulsky
House-Museum named after P.P. Bazhov
Suzunsky Museum of Local History
Historical and Local History Museum named after N. Ya. Savchenko
Toguchinsky Museum of Local History
Local History Museum of the
Ubinsky District
Ust-Tarksky Historical and Local History Museum
Chanovsky Museum of Local History
Chistoozerny Museum of Local
History
Local History Museum of the Chulymsky District
Deposits of thermal and highly thermal iodine-bromine waters have been discovered in many areas of the Novosibirsk Region. Radon waters are found near the village of Kolyvan and in the vicinity of Novosibirsk. The use of sulphide silt muds of Lake Krasnozernoye in Krasnozersky District, Lake Danilovo in Kyshtovsky District, and Lake Karachi in Chanovsky District is promising for the implementation of spa treatment. Mud deposits of Lakes Ostrovnoye and Gorky are included in the cadastre of therapeutic muds of Russia. In various areas of the region, 16 deposits of sapropelic therapeutic muds were discovered during geological exploration work, the largest reserves of which are concentrated in the Kolyvansky District and Bolotninsky District. The following sanatoriums operate in the region: Dovolensky in Dovolensky District, Krasnozersky in Krasnozersky District, Baraba and Karachi in Chanovsky District, Om in Kuibyshev, Berdsky, Rassvet, Parus, Sibiryak, Sosnovka in Berdsk and its environs. There are also a significant number of recreation centers and boarding houses in the region.