Suzun is a working village, the administrative center of the
Suzunsky district of the Novosibirsk region. Suzun is located 150
kilometers south-west of Novosibirsk, 88 kilometers south-west of
the city of Cherepanovo, 113 kilometers north-west of Barnaul, 70
kilometers east of Kamnya-na-Obi.
The population of Suzun is
15,433 people. (2020). Suzun is one of the largest urban-type
settlements in Russia. In 2007, Suzun was in 68th place in terms of
population out of 1,348 settlements in Russia and in 4th place in
the Novosibirsk Region after Linevo, Krasnoobsk and Kochenevo.
Suzun got its name from the Nizhny Suzun river (a
tributary of the Ob) flowing through the village. The word Suzun
comes from the Turkic languages. There are several versions of the
origin of the name.
According to the first version, Suzun
translated from Turkic means “long, stretched river”.
According
to another version, the name of the river comes from the words su
(Turkic - water) and zun (Turkic - forest, green). Literally, forest
water or green water.
Suzun before 1917
Suzun
was founded by the personal decree of the Senate of Catherine II of
November 7, 1763 in connection with the need to start minting coins
in Siberia. Despite the fact that in some sources the date of
foundation is indicated in 1765, the official date is considered to
be January 20, 1764, when the head of the Kolyvano-Voskresensk
factories, A.I. Poroshin, signed an order to determine the location
for the construction of a copper smelter.
The need to build a
plant in Siberia was caused by the fact that the transportation of
copper mined in the vicinity of the city of Kolyvan to the European
part of Russia was very expensive. The construction of the
Nizhne-Suzunsky copper-smelting plant, begun in 1764, progressed
very rapidly. Already in 1765, copper smelting began. In 1768, the
smelting of silver ores began at the plant, and a little later -
also iron. A dam was built on the Nizhny Suzun River for the needs
of the plant.
In 1766, the Suzun Mint began minting coins at
the plant, which operated from 1766 to 1847. Until 1781 he minted
Siberian coins. Until 1830, coins were printed with the designation
"KM", from 1831 to 1847 - with the designation CM.
From the
moment of its foundation until 1828, the settlement bore the name of
Nizhne-Suzunsky Plant, in December 1828 it was renamed into
Plant-Suzun.
Later, a swamp arose on the site of the mint,
due to the most complex system of water channels - it was abandoned
along with the production after the fire of 1847. Excavations in
Suzun made it possible to be convinced of this.
By the end of
the 19th century, the cost of smelting copper at the plant began to
increase due to the depletion of ore reserves in the
Kolyvano-Voskresensky mountain district and deforestation in the
vicinity of Suzun. In 1889, the Altai Mining Council in Barnaul
decided to close the plant. However, the plant continued to function
until the outbreak of the First World War. The last smelting of
copper was done in 1914; in total, 416 poods (6.8 tons) of copper
were produced that year.
At the beginning of the 20th
century, the village housed a wooden church, 2 chapels, a mining and
factory and parish school, a hospital, a bakery store, 3 wholesale
wine warehouses, about 25 retail stores, 662 residential buildings,
of which 370 belonged to peasants, and 292 representatives of other
estates ... A fair with a turnover of over 150 thousand rubles was
held in Suzun, weekly markets were organized. Handicrafts were
developed in Suzun, about 40 blacksmiths worked in the village,
making tools and selling their goods at the fair, in Krutikh and
Barnaul. Suzun was also famous for its sheepskins.
Suzun
after 1917
In the 1930s, the village became known as Suzun. In
some sources, the date of renaming is 1931, but the Resolution of
the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee on
renaming the village dates back to 1933.
Suzun received the
status of an urban-type settlement in February 1934, according to
other sources - on February 7, 1939.
In the 1970s, a timber
industry enterprise, a mechanical repair and butter-cheese
factories, a furniture and garment factories, and a meat processing
plant operated in the village.
Suzun Mint.
Remains and ruins of a copper smelter.
Dam on
the Nizhny Suzun River, built for a copper smelter.
Parish
school.
Ministerial School.
The house where the first
revolutionary committee was.
Church of the Ascension (Kalinin
St., 10). The church was built in the 19th century, closed in the
1930s, and later reopened to parishioners.
Museum of Local
Lore (Lenin St., 15). The museum building is recognized as an
architectural and historical monument; earlier it housed the office
of the managers of the copper smelter. The founders of the museum
are Tsivileva Emilia Andreevna, Zemlyanitsyn Mikhail Efimovich. The
museum was founded on November 19, 1967, and opened to visitors on
June 9, 1979. Exposition and exhibition area - 334.3 m². As of 2002,
it contains 11153 exhibits, of which 4290 belong to the objects of
the main fund. The staff of the museum is 5 people. The museum
contains materials on the history of the Suzunsky region, including
exhibits dedicated to the activities of the copper smelter and the
mint. The museum conducts excursions, exhibitions, an average of
2888 people visit it a year. The museum includes 6 rooms:
"The
nature of the native land",
"Life", represents the interiors of
the peasant and bourgeois huts of the 18th-19th centuries,
"Plant-Suzun",
"Not for the sake of glory, for the sake of life
on earth", the hall of military glory of the region,
“Crafts.
Traditions ", contains materials dedicated to the traditional crafts
and crafts of the Suzun people,
"Russian folk art of icon
painting in Suzun of the late 18th and early 20th centuries."
Among the exhibits of the museum there are 63 icons, including
icons of Suzun writing and imported by settlers, 1780 coins, a
collection of ancient spiritual manuscript books, samples of mineral
resources of the region, a ladle for pouring non-ferrous metals
weighing 16 kilograms, made at the turn of the 18th-19th centuries
at a copper smelter, etc. by-products of the plant, an old book by
Pallas "A Journey to Different Provinces of the Russian Empire", a
ceramic vase for bread, materials about the self-taught inventor
Fyodor Strizhov, church utensils The most unique exhibits include
parts of the first Russian turbine unit made in 1806 by Suzun
inventor P. Zalesov ...
Suzunsky Bor is located near the village.
There is a railway station in Suzun on the Central Siberian Railway. The distance by rail from Novosibirsk to Suzun is 258 kilometers. Suzun also has a regular bus service with Novosibirsk (the length of the path is 171 kilometers, the duration of the journey is 3 hours).