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Kasimov (tat. Khankirman, until 1376 - City Meshchersky, until 1471 - Novy Nizovoy - New Low Base Town) - a city in Russia, the administrative center of Kasimov district of the Ryazan region, which forms part of the municipal formation of the district of the city Kasimov. Kasimov is located on the left bank of the Oka River. Population - 30 696 people. (2017).
In Kasimov, a number of remarkable monuments of
secular and cult (both Orthodox and Muslim) architecture,
organically inscribed in the buildings that had been formed in the
19th century, have been preserved.
The Uspensky ravine
divides the historical center of Kasimov, located on the high right
bank of the Oka, into two parts - the “Russian” (north-western) and
the “Tatar” (south-eastern). The first of them is bounded from the
northwest by another ravine, Nikolsky. The main part of the
architectural monuments of this part of the city is located on
Cathedral Square. The architectural ensemble of the square includes
six architectural monuments of federal significance: the Church of
the Annunciation (1740), the Assumption Church (1775), the Nastavins
House (1813, the shooting of the film “Incognito from St.
Petersburg” in Gogol's Auditor) and three buildings of Trading rows
(1818-1824 years). In the center of the vast area occupied by the
park, stands the Ascension Cathedral (mid XIX century). In the
extreme southern part of the city, where the Epiphany Church stands
(XVIII century), there was an ancient Gorodets-Meshersky ".
Interest in the city are the monuments of the Khan period: the Khan
mosque (building XVIII — XIX centuries, minaret XV or XVI century),
teky (tombs) of Shah Ali Khan (1555) and Afgan-Mohammed Sultan
(1658), as well as the Epiphany, Nikolskaya, Troitskaya churches
(XVIII century).
In 2015, Kasimov was included in the “Golden Ring of Russia” family of tourist routes.
The first population of this area was a Finnic tribe called the
Meshchyora, later assimilated by Russians and Tatars. The town was
founded in 1152 by the Vladimir-Suzdal ruler Yuri Dolgorukiy as
Grodets, then Gorodets Meschyorsky (Городец Мещёрский). It was
included in the Mishar Yurt division of the Golden Horde, but then
was sold to Muscovy.
In 1376, the town was destroyed by the
Mongol invaders, but was soon rebuilt as Novy Nizovoy (Новый
Низовой). After the Battle of Suzdal in 1445 (in which Grand Duke
Vasily II was taken prisoner), the Meschyora lands were given to
Oluğ Möxämmäd, Khan of Kazan Khanate as a ransom for the sovereign's
life.
In 1452, Great Duke Vasily II of the Grand Duchy of
Moscow gave this town to Kazan prince Qasim Khan, who served as
tribute inspector of the Great Horde, but then came to Russian
service. By other accounts, Qasim and his brother Yosif fled from
Kazan after losing their bid for the throne against their brother
Mäxmüd. After 1471, the town was known as Qasím city. It remained
the capital of Qasim Khanate until 1681 when the khanate was
re-absorbed into Russia.
A group of Tatars settled there in
15th century and are now known as Qasim Tatars. They speak the
Mishar dialect, mixed with the Middle Tatar dialect of the Tatar
language. In the 19th century, it became known for its waiters, who
staffed many of the St Petersburg hotels.
In 1722, going on the Oka in the Persian campaign, Peter the
First visited Kasimov for the second time. In the retinue of Peter
the Great, there was a jester and wit, Ivan Balakirev, who came from
an old noble family. He learned that the title of the ruler of the
city was not occupied and asked the king for permission to be called
Khan Kasimovski. The king agreed to this as a joke, so a “khan”
reappeared in Kasimov. Initially, this title was formal, but after
the death of Peter the Great, by decree of Catherine I, Balakirev
received the right to own the former estates of the Kasimov kings,
the rank of lieutenant of the Life Guards and the title of “Tsar
Kasimov”. Ivan Balakirev died in Kasimov. His grave is located
behind the altar of St. George (Epiphany) Church.
In September
1812, hospitals for the wounded and sick participants of the Battle
of Borodino and the Patriotic War of 1812 were set up in the cities
of Kasimov, Elatme, Melenki and in the surrounding villages.
Especially large hospitals were deployed in Kasimov and Ryazan. The
management of the hospitals was entrusted to a physician doctor, Dr.
H. Loder. The wounded in carts were brought to Kolomna on ships and
sent along the Oka River. According to H. Loder, for the period from
September 14, 1812 to May 25, 1813, 30,126 patients and wounded were
admitted to hospitals located in Kasimov, Elatmé and Melenki. During
this time, 23,413 people returned to service; 2896 people were
discharged for non-combatant service; 543 persons were recognized as
disabled; 199 officers sent to home leave until perfect cure; 2095
people died
There are 8 local bus routes:
No. 1 st. Oktyabrskaya - Central
Regional Hospital (Kasimov Central District Hospital)
No. 1a
October - Prioksky
No. 1b October - Cheryomushki
No. 2 Lesok -
Okruzhnaya
No. 2a Vostochnya - CRB
№ 3 Lesok - Prioksky
№ 4 50
years of the USSR - CRB
№ 5 50 years of the USSR - Prioksky
In
the village of Kasimov, located on the right bank of the Oka River,
about 7 km from the center of the city of Kasimov, the railway
station Kasimov is the final station of a single-track
non-electrified branch of the Moscow Railway. Here commuter trains
run to Shilovo. The station can be reached by commuter buses to
Lashma, Krutoyarsky, Telebukino and Erhatur. The city has a pier on
the Oka, where cruise ships stop. Kasimov - part of the popular
Moscow river cruise.