Kirov (until 1457 and from 1780 to 1934 - Vyatka,
from 1457 to 1780 - Khlynov) - a city in Russia, the administrative
center of the Kirov region and the eponymous municipal formation
with the status of a city district. Located on the Vyatka River, 896
km northeast of Moscow. Population - 507 155 people. (2018), the
population of the urban district - 533 231 people. (2018), the
population of the Kirov agglomeration is estimated at 750 thousand
people.
Historical, cultural, industrial and scientific
center of the Urals. It is the most eastern city, founded in the
times of ancient Russia.
Unfortunately, the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral,
designed by A.L. Witberg. Most of the surviving religious buildings are
architectural monuments of regional or federal significance. Of the
currently operating, the following temples are available for visiting:
Ensemble of the Holy Dormition Trifonov Monastery
Spaso-Preobrazhensky convent (1696-1883) with the Church of the
Transfiguration (1696) (Dinamovskiy proezd)
Spassky Cathedral (1769,
restored) (Kazanskaya street)
Cathedral of Seraphim of Sarov (1904)
(Orlovskaya street)
Church of John the Baptist (1717) (Pyatnitskaya
St.)
Chapel of the Archangel Michael (1868, restored) (Kazanskaya
street)
Znamenskaya (Tsarevo-Konstantinovskaya) church with a bell
tower (1699-1778, restored) (Svoboda street)
Feodorovskaya
Church Wikidata item, emb. Grina, 7. A new wooden church built in 2007
on the site of a neo-Russian church from 1915.
Church of Faith, Hope,
Love and their mother Sophia (Lomonosova st.)
Church of the Holy
Prophet Elijah
Church of the Holy Great Martyr Panteleimon the Healer
(Vorovsky St.)
Alexander Catholic Church (1903) (Derendyaev St.)
Armenian Apostolic Church of Christ the Savior (Studenchesky proezd)
Vyatka Cathedral Mosque (1909) (Truda Street)
Old Believer Prayer
House (Lenin St.)
Church of the Holy Great Martyr Catherine
(Moskovskaya st.)
The old part of the city with the remains of a rampart
and traces of a radial planning is a monument of Russian urban planning,
but at present there is little left of it. Buildings of historical value
are represented mainly by residential buildings and public buildings of
the 18th - early 19th century. XX centuries (street Spasskaya, Moscow,
Lenin, Preobrazhenskaya, Kazanskaya, Karl Marx, MOPR). Among the most
interesting are the following buildings:
Alexander Garden
(1825-1835) with two coastal rotundas, architectural monuments
(1838-1840)
Corps of provincial offices (1797) by Dina
Command hut
(beginning of the 18th century)
Houses of servants of the Cathedral
(1804) and Spassky Cathedrals (1828, 1859, 1842, 1853)
The mansion of
the merchant T.F. Bulycheva (1908), designed by architect I.A. Charushin
in neo-gothic style. Now the building houses the FSB department for the
Kirov region
House of the provincial doctor A.I. Levitsky (1911)
(Karl Marx street)
House of A. Perminov (1755) (Spasskaya St.), the
oldest residential stone building in the city
Nagovitskoe settlement,
Chizhevskoe settlement, the remains of the earthen rampart of the city
of Khlynov (XV century).
The already mentioned Alexander Garden and the
embankment of the river. Vyatka
Park them. CM. Kirov near the museum
"Diorama" and the city circus (October Avenue), with two ponds and an
amusement park
Apollo Children's Park (Volodarsky St.) with the
remains of the Khlynov earthen rampart
Victory Park (Lepse and
Lomonosov St.)
Park them. Yu.A. Gagarin at the City Philharmonic
(Lenin St.)
Square them. 60th anniversary of the USSR (between Karl
Marx and Volodarsky streets)
Zarechny park
Botanical Garden of the
Vyatka State University for the Humanities (Karl Marx St.)
Arboretum
of the Botanical Garden (Novovyatsky district of the city).
Vyatka Art Museum. Vasnetsovs (a rich collection of
works of culture and history, folklore of the Vyatka region)
Vyatka
Kunstkamera (exposition on the history of the Vyatka region, changing
exhibitions)
Museum and Exhibition Center "Diorama" (permanent
exhibitions "The establishment of Soviet power in the city of Vyatka"
and "From the history of Khlynov-Vyatka", changing exhibitions)
Two
exhibition halls (Vorovsky St., Karl Liebknecht)
Permanent exhibition
"Folk crafts and crafts and lands of Vyatka"
House-museums of
Saltykov-Shchedrin, Vasnetsov brothers, N.N. Khokhryakova
Planetarium
(in the building of school No. 27, Volkova St., 6)
Kirov Regional
Museum of Local Lore (permanent exhibition on the history of Kirov and
the Kirov Region)
Vyatka Paleontological Museum
Museum of the
History of Khlynov, Kirov, st. Herzen, 15th century ☎ 71-19-61. 10.00 -
19.00. from 100 rub. The exposition of the museum is dedicated to the
history of the ancient city of Khlynov, the predecessor of Vyatka and
Kirov. An interesting exposition, reconstructed and real exhibits and
modern technical means allow you to immerse yourself in the atmosphere
of medieval life.
By plane
Pobedilovo Airport (IATA:KVX) receives
flights from Moscow (Vnukovo), St. Petersburg, Sochi, Anapa, Simferopol,
Usinsk and Naryan-Mar.
By train
Kirov is located on the
Trans-Siberian Railway, while it is a common station for both the
northern passage through Yaroslavl and the new passage through Nizhny
Novgorod.
By car
Not far from the city passes the P176
"Vyatka" motorway, which connects Cheboksary and Syktyvkar. From Nizhny
Novgorod, you can get to the city along the P159 highway.
From
Moscow, both regional roads can be reached through the M7 Volga federal
highway.
The transport infrastructure of the city is typical for a half-million city in Russia and is represented by bus and trolleybus routes, as well as fixed-route taxis. The network of public transport lines is quite developed and allows you to get to most points of the city. Payment for travel in public transport is made in cash or non-cash (Visa, MasterCard, Mir cards), as well as by an electronic card purchased at Sberbank branches. In the first case, the cost of one trip is 30 rubles. (since February 1, 2022), in the second, depending on the travel limit during the month - 17-18 rubles.
Products can be purchased at the shops of the local
chain "Globus" scattered around the city. In addition to them, there are
chain stores "Magnit", "Grocery Store", etc. To buy manufactured goods,
you can use the "Central Department Store" and numerous shopping
centers.
Dairy products of the Vozhgaly company. 9:00–22:00.
Produced by the local Vozhgalsky Butter and Cheese Plant, it has branded
packaging and differs from the products of other manufacturers in its
diverse range and good quality, which also affects the price: Vozhgaly
products are slightly more expensive than similar products from other
local producers.
Souvenir shop "Matryoshka" , Herzen street, 5
(Public transport stop "Trifon Monastery"). ☎ 8(8332) 32-26-50.
10.00-19.00 hours Good place to buy traditional souvenirs and gifts.
Author's paintings and decorations, products made of kapokorn, birch
bark, kukar lace, linen products. There is a separate hall of Dymkovo
toys, where not only single toys are sold, but also entire compositions.
Meat products of the company "Doronichi" (firm store "Myasobaza
Doronichi"), Kirov, Komsomolskaya st. 40a (near the railway station).
08-20.00, s., v.8.00-19.00. cost depending on the product. Meat products
of the company "Doronichi" are produced in Kirov. Products have branded
packaging and differ from products of other manufacturers. Attracts the
attention of a diverse range of goods, excellent quality, affordable
prices. Products are always fresh, you can buy meat delicacies, various
sausages, stew, and other meat products. Prices in the company store are
lower than the same products are in other stores in the city. Every day
there are promotions for certain types of products.
Cheese "Slices of
the sun". Processed cheese with various fillings and smoked sausages
produced by Slices of the Sun are produced in the city of Kotelnich,
Kirov Region.
Cheap
1 Hotel "Inns", Gertsen St., 15.
Average cost
2
Hotel "Old Yard" on Mopra, st. MOPR, 52. ☎ +7 (8332) 22-00-12. 1950 rub.
21 rooms of various categories. The hotel is located in the historical
part of the city, on a quiet street. Closed parking under video
surveillance. Cafe with home cooking. Summer terrace and bike rental.
3 Hotel "Old Yard" on Orlovskaya, st. Orlovskaya, 48. ☎ +7 (8332)
22-00-45. 3100 rub. 31 rooms, different categories. Center of the city
of Kirov. Near parks and shopping centers. Closed parking under video
surveillance. Cafe with home cooking. Summer terrace and bike rental.
MTS, Beeline, Megafon, Tele2, Yota
Rural churches in the Vyatka Baroque style
In the immediate
vicinity of Kirov there are a number of rural churches built in the 18th
century. in the Vyatka Baroque style. Churches are characterized by rich
external decoration and, as a rule, have either been restored or are in
the process of restoration. Almost all of the churches listed below can
be reached by public transport, but visiting them all in one day in this
way is unrealistic. By car, half a day is enough to visit all five.
1 Trinity Church in Makarye, settlement Makarye (on the
Kirov-Slobodskaya highway, 5 km east of the center of Kirov. Numerous
city, suburban and intercity buses pass through Makarye every few
minutes.). The church was built in the 1770s. Now it has been completely
restored and is part of the ensemble of the Trinity Alexander Nevsky
Monastery. The most "smart" and easily accessible of the suburban
churches.
2 Trinity Church in Kstinino, the village of Kstinino,
Kirovo-Chepetsky district (on the Kirov-Urzhum highway. Numerous
southern intercity buses pass through the village: to Urzhum, Malmyzh,
Kumeny, Vyatskiye Polyany, etc.). The church was built at the end of the
17th century and rebuilt in the 18th century. The main building is in
the process of restoration. Of greatest interest is the monumental
Empire bell tower of the 19th century.
3 Znamenskaya Church in
Pasegovo, the village of Pasegovo, Kirovo-Chepetsky district (15 km
south-west of Kirov (along the highway to Sovetsk, after Chirkov, turn
right). Bus number 115 from Kirov runs every 30 minutes.). Richly
decorated 18th century church. The main building and the bell tower have
been restored, the refectory is still in the process.
4 Spasskaya
Church in Vyaz, Vyaz village, Kirovo-Chepetsky district (25 km
south-west of Kirov (along the highway to Sovetsk, turn right after
Isupovskaya). There is no public transport.). Built in the 1770s. One of
the most "smart" churches in the vicinity of Kirov. Is in the process of
restoration.
5 Trinity Church in Bystritsa, village of Bystritsa,
Orichesky district (40 km south-west of Kirov (along the highway to
Orichi, turn right in Strizhi). Bus number 127 from Kirov runs about
once an hour.). Impressive in size, but modest in external decor, the
church of the late 18th century. Unlike many other churches, it has
preserved its historical interior - frescoes and iconostasis.
Other objects
6 Yurkin park , Talitsa street, 50 (v. Talitsa). 🕑
Tue-Sun 10.00-20.00. entrance ticket - 250r, complex 500-1000r. A large
open-air entertainment complex-park with an exposition of moving
dinosaurs, attractions, recreation areas, swimming pools, restaurants
and shops.
Local historians believe that the original name of the city is
derived from the hydronym Vyatka. After a fortress called Khlynov was
built at the mouth of the Khlynovitsa River (presumably from the Russian
“pour”), the whole city began to be called Khlynov, although the name
Vyatka continued to be used along with this. In 1780 Khlynov was
officially renamed Vyatka. In 1934, after the assassination of Soviet
party leader S. M. Kirov, a native of the Vyatka province, Vyatka was
renamed Kirov. For more information about the names of the city, see the
article History of Kirov.
The city is located in an area with a
small representation of national minorities, but names in other
languages have historically been assigned to it. In Mari, it is called
Ilna or Ilna-Ola (Mar. ola - "city"). In the Udmurt language, it is
called Vatka and Kylno. In Tatar, the name of Kirov sounds like Kolyn.
All these names are obsolete and are practically not used in modern
speech.
Claims that the city has existed since the 12th century do not
have a reliable basis. As is commonly believed, the city with the
name Vyatka was founded on the steep left bank of the river of the
same name (near the Zasora ravine) in 1374 by ushkuyns returning to
Novgorod from a campaign against Bulgar; It is with this campaign
that the first mention of the city in the annals is connected. In
1391, Khan Tokhtamysh sent a detachment of Tsarevich Bektut to
destroy Vyatka.
Under Vasily the Dark, at the mouth of the
Khlynovitsa River, a wooden Khlynovskiy Kremlin was built. The
settlement was transferred under the protection of the ramparts and
was probably renamed Khlynov at the same time. Vyatka land became
part of the centralized Russian state in 1489. Khlynov became an
important fortress on the eastern border of the state.
In the
17th century, the military significance of Khlynov was replaced by a
commercial one: merchants from Siberia, the Urals, Pomorye and other
regions came here to the Semyonov Fair. In 1657, the Vyatka diocese
was formed. It was here that the Vyatka chronicles were created. The
Kremlin was completely rebuilt during the reign of Alexei
Mikhailovich. Under his son Peter, manufactory production was
established.
During the city and provincial reforms of
Catherine II (1780), the name Vyatka was assigned to the city. It
was declared the center of the Vyatka governorate, in 1796 renamed
the Vyatka province. The city served as one of the places of
political exile: it was A. I. Herzen, A. L. Vitberg, F. F. Pavlenkov
who turned out to be exiles here.
After the murder in 1934 of
S. M. Kirov (a native of Urzhum, Vyatka province), the city of
Vyatka was renamed in his honor. In 1989, the city of Novovyatsk was
annexed to Kirov.
A wide celebration of the 650th anniversary
of the founding of Kirov is planned for 2024. A campaign has been
developed for the reconstruction of infrastructure facilities, the
organization of cultural events, educational and publishing
activities, and the holding of exhibitions and festivals.
Kirov is located in the valley of the Vyatka River, in its middle
course, in the north-east of the European part of Russia, on the Russian
Plain, in the zone of taiga forests, in the belt of woodlands and
opolies.
Included in the Volga Federal District.
Distance
to the nearest large cities: Kazan - 409 km, Perm - 471 km, Nizhny
Novgorod - 563 km, Ufa - 734 km, Samara - 770 km.
Kirov is
located in the time zone MSK (Moscow time). The offset of the applicable
time from UTC is +3:00. In accordance with the applied time and
geographic longitude, the average solar noon in Kirov occurs at 11:41.
The city is located at the intersection of the Verkhnekamsk Upland with the valley of the Vyatka River. The main part of the urban area is located on the left steep bank of the Vyatka, in the Srednevyatskaya (Kirovskaya) lowland, on seven large hills. The riverside part is located on the right gently sloping bank, in the northern part of the Vyatsky Uval.
The main water artery of the city is the Vyatka River. It divides the
city into the main and beyond the river parts in the interval from the
southern border of the Novovyatsky district to the Fileyskaya mountain,
then it serves as the northeastern and northern border of the urban
district. In Kirov, the Vyatka flows from the southeast to the
northwest.
The largest tributaries of the Vyatka flowing in Kirov
are the rivers Bystritsa, Chakhlovitsa, Khlynovka. Bystrica forms the
western border of the city district, Chachlovitsa divides it into
western and eastern halves. Khlynovka flows in the city limits of Kirov,
crosses Novovyatsky, Leninsky, Pervomaisky districts of the city from
south to north.
The territory of Kirov is included in the Kama-Pechora-West Ural
subprovince of the Ural-West Siberian province of the European taiga
coniferous forest region. The central part of the Kirov region,
including the territory of the city of Kirov itself, is located in the
southern taiga subzone.
Fir-spruce and pine forests, previously
common on the territory of the modern city, have now been greatly
reduced due to economic activity. A significant part of the territory is
occupied by agricultural land.
On the territory of the city there
are specially protected natural areas: the Botanical Garden, Zarechny
Park and Arboretum of Foresters. Also, the entire green zone of Kirov is
included in the number of specially protected natural areas.
The territory of Kirov belongs to the continental climate of the temperate zone, with a predominance of air masses of the continental climate of temperate latitudes. Due to the proximity to the Arctic Ocean and the absence of barriers to the penetration of polar air masses, cold air intrusions are possible, causing severe frosts in winter and frosts, sharp cooling in summer. Due to the large number of industrial enterprises and residential buildings, the temperature in the city is on average 1-3 ° C higher than the surrounding area.