Location: Moscow Oblast Map
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Hotels, motels and where to sleep
Kolomna is an old medieval town situated 114 km
(71 miles) from Moscow. It was constructed in 1177 at a strategic
location of confluence of Moskva and Oka rivers. Kolomna, perhaps,
like no other city, combines the most historic and modern looks in a
great way: in addition to fairly large business, shopping, office
and entertainment centers, you can meet the Kremlin, many beautiful
temples and churches. In Russia, cities that are also saturated with
sights and historical and cultural objects, like Kolomna, can be
counted on one hand. A separate tourist attraction is that they are
concentrated in harmonious ensembles. And taking into account the
short travel time from Moscow, a visit to Kolomna is an obligatory
point of the program for studying the cities of Central Russia.
Kolomna is one of the most ancient cities of the Moscow region.
The first mention of the city is found in the Lavtriev Chronicle,
which dates back to 1177. The city stands on three rivers: the Oka,
Moscow and Kolomenka. The area of the city is 65 km ², the
population is 148 430 people (2010).
Kolomna Kremlin
1 Kolomna Kremlin,
st. Lazhechnikova, d. 5. The Kolomna Kremlin is one of the main
attractions not only of Kolomna, but, perhaps, of the entire Moscow
region. It was built in 1525-1531 during the reign of Grand Duke
Vasily III on the site of the Crimean Khan Mehmed I Girey, destroyed
by a detachment. In the 17th century, due to the loss of military
defense status (including due to the fact that the border of the
Moscow state moved away from Kolomna), the maintenance of the
Kremlin became unprofitable, and at that time it began to collapse
and be dismantled by local residents for civilian buildings .
Fortunately, by decree of Nicholas I in 1826, such a process was
stopped, but a significant part of the Kremlin had already been
destroyed. To this day, only one fortress wall with seven towers out
of 17 has survived.
2 Cathedral Square.
3 Assumption
Cathedral. The first temple on this site was founded in 1379 by
Dmitry Donskoy on the occasion of the victory over the Horde troops
in the battle on the Vozha River. The existing church was built in
1672-1682. A separate hipped bell tower was built in 1692 instead of
the former white stone one.
4 Church of the Resurrection of the
Word, st. Lazareva, 18. Founded in the XIV century, and the current
temple was built in 1780-1789.
5 Church of the Tikhvin Icon of
the Mother of God (1776).
6 Novogolutvinsky Monastery, Lazarev
Street, 9 (inside the Kremlin).
7 Assumption Brusensky Monastery,
Sovetsky Lane, 3. An ancient monastery with a pseudo-Gothic fence
from the 1820s. Its oldest building, the tented Assumption Church,
was built in 1552 and restored in its original form in the 1970s.
Now a functioning nunnery.
8 The Church of St. John the
Theologian in the market stalls (1733-1758). The church in the style
of mature classicism catches the eye thanks to the five-tiered bell
tower crowned with a spire.
9 Church of the Exaltation of the
Holy Cross , Lazareva street, 24a. The first stone church was
erected in 1764 on the site of a wooden church. In 1832-1837 it was
heavily rebuilt with only the plan of the first stone building
preserved.
Bobrenev Monastery (Бобренев Монастырь)
10 Monument to the water carrier. A modern monument,
opened in 2012, but popular with tourists. For a long time in Kolomna
there was such a profession necessary for life - a water carrier. He
carried water around the city; until 1902 - the year of the foundation
of the water supply system in Kolomna at the expense of the
philanthropist Maria Shevlyagina. After the construction of the water
supply system, the profession was not in demand.
11 Church of St.
John the Baptist on Gorodische. The church in the former episcopal
village of Gorodishche is the oldest surviving building in the Moscow
region. Its lower part is made of roughly hewn white stone blocks and
dates back to the 14th century. The upper part of the temple in the 16th
century was rebuilt from brick and smooth-hewn white stone. The bell
tower and refectory appeared in 1780. The church acquired its present
appearance after the restoration of the 1960s.
12. Church of St.
Nicholas the Wonderworker on Posada, Posadskaya street, 18. The church
was built in the style of Moscow patterns in 1716-1719 on the site of a
church of the 16th century. The main subject of her pride is brick
carving and 105 kokoshniks crowning the building. Belongs to the Old
Believer Church.
13 “Voevoda” house (the house of the living room
merchant I.I. Ushakov), Posadsky lane, 13. The house was built in 1701,
a late example of Russian civil pre-Petrine architecture with preserved
stone architraves.
14 Staro-Golutvinsky Monastery, st. Golutvinskaya,
11. The monastery was founded at the end of the 14th century at the
confluence of the Oka and the Moscow River. The oldest buildings of the
monastery date back to the 18th century, and the pseudo-Gothic towers of
the fence appeared in the 1830s-1840s.
15 Trinity Church in
Shchurov, Oktyabrskaya Street, 3. A pseudo-Byzantine-style church of the
late 19th century.
1 Museum Pastila Factory, st. Polyanskaya, 4. The 19th
century marshmallow factory has been restored.
2 "Kalacha" Museum,
st. Zaitseva 14.
3 Kolomna Museum of Local Lore, st. Lazhechnikova,
15. ☎ 8 (496) 618-59-50. Wednesday - Sunday from 10:30 to 17:00 (ticket
office until 16:30), except for the last Friday of the month.
4
Museum-Residence Artkommunalka, st. October Revolution, 205.
Lazhechnikov Museum
5 Motor ship line Bachmanovo - Prityka. Transport line
up the Oka. Flight in the evening on Saturday and Sunday, round-trip, 4
hours, and you have time for the penultimate train to Moscow. Motor ship
Moscow operates from the port of Kolomna. Kolomna residents use this
flight as a pleasure one. In Prityk disembarkation for 30-40 minutes.
Speed skating center "Kolomna"
Aerosport (In particular skydiving)
The city of Kolomna was first mentioned under 1177
(6685) in the Laurentian Chronicle, known from the list of 1377, as a
border post of the Ryazan Principality and a trade and craft center.
When, in the second quarter of the 12th century, Kievan Rus finally
disintegrated and independent principalities and lands were formed,
several rival principalities tried to gain a foothold on the territory
of the modern Moscow region. To secure the lower reaches of the Moscow
River and the adjacent course of the Oka, the Ryazan princes built the
cities of Rostislavl (mentioned in 1153) and Kolomna.
1177 is a
conditional date, since the city is mentioned as already existing. The
things found during excavations, which are well dated, help to guess the
exact date of the foundation of the city. It turned out that the most
ancient city finds date back to the middle of the XII century, that is,
the interval between 1140 and 1160. Thus, the city had already existed
for about a quarter of a century before it entered the historical
chronicle.
At the end of the 12th - 13th centuries, Kolomna was
the center of the Kolomna principality as part of the Ryazan
principality, only one Kolomna prince is mentioned in the sources: in
1186, Vsevolod the Big Nest took Kolomna and planted Vsevolod, the
younger brother of the Ryazan prince, as prince there.
In the
first days of January 1238, the brother of the Ryazan prince Roman
Ingvarevich with the Vladimir army of Vsevolod Yurievich gave a fierce
battle to the Mongols, in which Roman, the Vladimir governor Yeremey and
the youngest son of Genghis Khan Kulkan were killed.
Accession to
the Moscow principality
In 1301, Kolomna, which was Ryazan's
inheritance, was captured by the Moscow prince Daniil Alexandrovich, who
successfully intervened in the confrontation between the Ryazan princes.
It was the first territory annexed to Moscow. A few years later, a new
wooden Kremlin was built here, which was not inferior in area to Tver
and the future Moscow Ivan Kalita. As a result, the city underwent a
redevelopment. Already in the second quarter of the century, white-stone
construction began: the Assumption Cathedral appeared (replaced by a new
one in 1379-1382). Soon the Kolomna diocese was founded, an episcopal
residence (the future village of Gorodishchi), Staro-Golutvin and
Bobrenev monasteries were built near the city, which also received
white-stone churches.
In 1340 Ivan Kalita bequeathed Kolomna to
his son Simeon. In 1358 the city passed to Dmitry Ivanovich; during his
reign, Kolomna became a significant trading center. The bishops of
Kolomna enjoyed the favor of the Moscow princes. In 1385, Prince Oleg of
Ryazan unexpectedly captured Kolomna. The city was returned to Moscow
only a few years later, with the assistance of Sergius of Radonezh.
The city experienced many troubles from the Golden
Horde and later Tatar states. Kolomna was repeatedly ruined in the
XIII-XVI centuries. January 1, 1238 - by Batu Khan, in 1293 - by Tudan,
in 1382 - by Tokhtamysh, in 1408 - by Edigei, in 1440 - by the Kazan
Khan Ulu-Mukhammed. Once the city was burned by the Crimean troops in
1571 by Devlet I Gerai. The widespread opinion that in 1521 the city was
burned down by the united Crimean-Kazan army under the command of Mehmed
I Giray is the result of an error in the incorrect translation of
chronicle information back in the 18th century, and then, without
verification, replicated by subsequent researchers and writers. As the
historian and local historian V.Yu. Kirichenko convincingly proved in
his article “From the history of the Kolomna Kremlin: a new version of
the reasons for the construction”, in 1521 the settlement of Kolomna was
burned down. Moreover, this was done by the Kolomna garrison on the
orders of the governor Prince Yuri Andreevich Khokholkov-Rostovsky.
Professor, doctor of historical sciences Mazurov A. B. found
confirmation in little-known chronicles - the wooden fortress of Kolomna
was transferred to Kashira a few years later.
In 1380, Dmitry
Donskoy gathered his army here before the Battle of Kulikovo.
Kolomna - the second capital of the Moscow principality
At the turn
of the 14th and 15th centuries, Kolomna was the richest city in the
Moscow principality after Moscow. “This city has become the true capital
of a great reign, both crowded and noisy,” describes the historian N. M.
Karamzin Kolomna in 1433. At that time, Vasily II, the Grand Duke of
Moscow and Vladimir, lived in it, who received the title of Prince of
Kolomna, exiled from Moscow as a result of the struggle for the Grand
Duke's throne with his uncle, Prince Yury of Zvenigorod. Kolomna served
as the center of the united forces that sympathized with the Grand Duke
in his policy of "gathering Rus'." Many residents left Moscow, refusing
to serve Prince Yuri, and went to Kolomna. The streets of Kolomna were
crowded with carts, the city for some time turned into the capital of
Muscovite Rus' with almost all the administrative, economic and
political staff.
Epidemics and fires
Kolomna suffered not only
from raids - it was devastated by epidemics (the most famous of them -
the "pestilence" (plague) refers to 1363), fires (almost the entire city
burned down in 1437), attacks by guardsmen (1568). Kolomna was a place
of honorable exile. So in 1434, Prince Dmitry Shemyaka was exiled to
Kolomna, subsequently Kolomna was determined as a place of exile for
Novgorodians and Pskovians, which influenced the formation of the
Kolomna merchants.
In 1525-1531, a powerful stone Kremlin was built,
after which the strategic importance of Kolomna increased (before that,
the city had only fragile wooden fortifications). In addition to the
construction of stone walls, walking towers were placed on the territory
of the Kremlin, which were built into the wall in case of its
destruction. After the construction of stone walls, the enemies never
managed to take the Kolomna Kremlin by storm.
In the 16th
century, Ivan the Terrible visited Kolomna more than once. The first
time the young sovereign visited Kolomna, when he was not yet 16 years
old. Having received news of the movement of the Crimean Tatars towards
the Oka, the Grand Duke immediately went to Kolomna in April 1546. On
May 6, he arrived here and settled down with his regiment near the
Golutvin Monastery. These were the main forces of Moscow. When the
Crimean Khan found out about the concentration of Russian troops near
Kolomna, he turned back. But, as the chroniclers noted, Ivan Vasilievich
did not leave Kolomna, he communicated with the peasants, tried to plow
arable land, sow buckwheat. During the amusements, an unpleasant
incident occurred with the young ruler: the Grand Duke refused to listen
to the “complainers” who came to him from the Novgorod archers. In the
conflict between the archers who did not want to leave and the noblemen
who defended the prince, 5-6 people were killed on each side.
In
July 1547, Ivan IV again, surrounded by a large army, moved to Kolomna.
He fortified the city with his troops and began to prepare for a
campaign against Kazan. The first two attempts were unsuccessful. The
third campaign took place in June 1552. But then the Crimeans moved to
Moscow. Turning his troops, the king hastened to return to Kolomna. On
June 16, he was already here and ordered the governors to wait for news
from the Crimea. But the Crimeans were defeated near Tula, and on July
1, Ivan Vasilyevich arranged a military council in Kolomna from the
boyars and the governor. The Council approved the plan for the march on
Kazan. On July 3, 1552, an army of 150,000, headed by Ivan the Terrible,
moved to the banks of the Volga. This time Kazan was taken. In honor of
the victory over Kazan, the Brusensky Monastery was founded in Kolomna,
and in this monastery the Church of the Assumption of the Most Holy
Theotokos was founded.
In 1565, after Tsar Ivan the Terrible
divided the Russian state into oprichnina and zemshchina, the city
became part of the latter.
In 1606, a peasant war broke out under the leadership
of Ivan Bolotnikov. The rebels on their way to Moscow approached
Kolomna. In October 1606, they took the settlement by storm, but the
Kremlin continued to stubbornly resist. Leaving a small part of his
forces in Kolomna, Bolotnikov headed along the Kolomna road to Moscow.
In the village of Troitskoye, Kolomna district, he managed to defeat
government troops. Bolotnikov's army was located in the village of
Kolomenskoye near Moscow. The siege of the capital began. In December
1606, Bolotnikov failed near Moscow and retreated to Kaluga. This served
as a signal for the townspeople of Kolomna to crack down on the
“rabble”. Bolotnikov's uprising was brutally suppressed.
During
the Time of Troubles, Kolomna was repeatedly occupied by supporters of
the impostor: first, Alexander Lisovsky (1608), but the city was
recaptured by Shuisky's tsarist troops, nevertheless, the city soon
passed to the impostor False Dmitry II. In 1611 the city swore
allegiance to Prince Vladislav as the newly elected Russian Tsar
Vladislav Zhigimontovich. In 1612, the city was occupied by the Cossack
ataman Ivan Zarutsky, and the wife of the impostor Marina Mnishek tried
to rule from Kolomna (the city was the last center she controlled).
Based on the spectrum of urban legends about Marina Mnishek (her
appearance varies from a martyr queen to an impostor-adventurer), Boris
Pilnyak composed a legend: Marina Mnishek allegedly turned into a magpie
and flew out of the Marina Tower of the Kolomna Kremlin, where she was
allegedly imprisoned.
After the approval of the Romanovs, the
city lost its political pretensions, turning into a major merchant and
logistics center. This was facilitated not only by the role in the
history of the Time of Troubles, but also by the rejection of the church
reform of Patriarch Nikon in Kolomna. Bishop Pavel of Kolomna (one of
the most revered holy martyrs in the Russian Old Believers) went into
schism, which to some extent legalized the opponents of the reform and
gave them the opportunity to ordain new priests.
From May 13 to May 17, 1722, on his way to Astrakhan, Peter I visited Kolomna. A year later, a theological seminary was founded in the city, and in 1730 the first coat of arms of Kolomna was published. The stay of Catherine II in the city dates back to 1775, and soon (in 1778) the architect M.F. Kazakov was sent to Kolomna to draw up the general plan of the city, which was approved on May 16, 1784. In 1781, Kolomna became a county town of the Moscow province. In 1862 it was connected by rail with Moscow, which was the impetus for the development of industry in Kolomna: 1863 became the year of foundation of the Kolomna locomotive and machine-building plants. The locomotive building plant was formed from workshops intended for the construction of a railway bridge across the Oka. In the same year, Kolomna acquired a zemstvo hospital; in 1864 a bridge across the Oka was opened, thus the railway communication was extended to Ryazan.
In the 17th century, commercial malting was widespread in the cities of the Moscow region, including Kolomna. People grew malt - a sprouted grain of cereals - and then used it in ground form to make kvass, beer or wine. At first, malt was used for household needs, but the situation changed with the advent of sovereign taverns. The premises in which the grain was germinated were called malt houses. Sometimes such malts were called "malts". As the demand for malt increased, so did the demand for bread. Malt producers in Moscow depended on imported bread and often did not receive it, because it was bought up by Kolomna merchants. Malt producers in Moscow even complained about the Kolomna producers and filed petitions in the Galich quarter. There were 25 malted omsha makers in Kolomna. Famous malt makers in Kolomna were Matvey Nasedkin, Ivan Shutin, Zhdan Kurchevsky, Mikhailo Plaksa. In Kolomna, the families of the Antonovs, Bechevins, Volkovs, Dutikovs, Zhitnikovs, Kurchevskys, Nabokovs, Naumovs, Neroslevs, and Shutovs were active in malting. They owned water transport, on which they carried bread, malt, fish, wax, cattle, honey, hemp, wool, and skins to large cities. One of the solodniks, Ivashka Nabokov, as of 1623, owned several trading shops.
The workers of the Kolomna factories took an active
part in the general political strike of 1905. Soviet power in Kolomna
was proclaimed on October 26 (November 8), 1917.
In 1918-1919,
the Bolsheviks in Kolomna began to confiscate church property for
military needs. Monasteries and the Assumption Cathedral were the first
to be seized. In 1924, the first church was closed - All Saints in
Bobrov. It was later demolished.
In 1929 the Assumption Cathedral
was closed. In 1930, the temples of the Staro-Golutvin Monastery were
closed. “So that the former churches do not remind of their original
purpose, they were deprived of the main features of the temple - the
bell tower and domes.” In the 1930s, the bell towers of the churches of
Nikola on Posada, Nikola Gostiny, Nativity of Christ and others were
destroyed. “The mass closure of city churches coincided with the peak of
Stalinist repressions. Therefore, when churches were closed, their
clergy were subject to arrest.”
During the years of Soviet power,
as a result of socialist transformations, Kolomna turned into a major
industrial, scientific and cultural center. In Kolomna, in addition to
the above-mentioned factories, furniture and clothing factories, tire
repair and rubber products factories, building materials and food
industries successfully operated. In Kolomna, there is a diesel
locomotive research institute (at the present time - the All-Russian
Research Design and Technological Institute of Rolling Stock (OAO
VNIKTI), the Institute of Land Reclamation and Irrigation Technology, a
Pedagogical Institute, engineering and agricultural technical schools,
medical and music schools.
“By the beginning of the Great
Patriotic War, only two functioning churches remained in the city - the
Epiphany in Goncharnaya Sloboda and the Peter and Paul Cemetery. The
latter closed in 1943."
In November 1941, there was a threat of
Kolomna being captured by German troops during an attack on Moscow from
the south, but they were stopped two to three dozen kilometers from the
city. A defensive line and 50 kilometers of forest debris were built
around the city, barricades were built in the city and armored caps were
installed. During the Great Patriotic War, Kolomna became the center for
the formation of artillery units and formations. In addition, rifle
formations, 4 detachments of the people's militia (over 2000 people), a
fighter worker battalion (569 people), a special NKVD sabotage group (17
people), 2 partisan detachments of 100 people each were created in the
city and its environs. On the railway network of the Moscow region, 2
Kolomna armored trains were fighting, which were built at the Golutvin
locomotive depot and the machine-building plant and were staffed by
workers from this plant. All enterprises of Kolomna, which had machine
tools, launched the production of defense products: the Shchurovsky
cement plant made concrete slabs for pillboxes and bunkers, behind the
plant. Voroshilov, repair artillery workshops were created, an assembly
shop was built there to assemble Lend-Lease vehicles (about 45,000 units
were assembled), anti-tank guns and radar installations were
manufactured at the Bochman plant, and fuses for shells for various
types were manufactured at the Kolomna Gramophone Plant. guns and air
bombs, small enterprises produced items of military ammunition and parts
for various types of weapons, including Katyushas.
On April 11,
1942, the Special Design Bureau for smooth-bore artillery of the
People's Commissariat of Arms was established by the Decree of the USSR
State Defense Committee. Boris Ivanovich Shavyrin, the creator of a
number of mortar and other types of weapons, was appointed head of the
Special Design Bureau.
More than 21,000 Kolomna residents fought
in the ranks of the Red Army, in the fleets, in aviation, in fighter
battalions and detachments of the people's militia. Many of them
received high awards, and more than 30 soldiers were awarded the title
of Hero of the Soviet Union. In the battles for the honor, freedom and
independence of our Motherland, 11,975 Kolomna residents fell at the
front, died of wounds and died in captivity.
In the restoration
and development of industry, construction and culture. Kolomna has
achieved great success. All industrial enterprises of the city were
restored and resumed their work. In the spring of 1948, the Kolomzavod
park was laid, which was called the Peace Park. Thousands of trees and
shrubs of various species are planted on an area of 30 hectares. The
park is a recreation area for many residents.
On November 5,
1948, the first launch of a tram along the Kolomna-Golutvin line with a
length of 5 km took place. Today, the tram is the main mode of
transport, runs on 10 routes and transports about 100,000 passengers a
day.
In 1953, the first 100 apartments were supplied with gas in
Kolomna, 5 km of an underground gas pipeline were laid. At present, the
city is mainly supplied with gas. In addition to residential buildings,
many industrial and household enterprises have received an
environmentally friendly type of fuel. Kolomna annually consumes about
400 million m³ of gas.
On October 1, 1959, the first electric
train came to Kolomna from Moscow, replacing steam locomotive traction.
Since the 60s of the XX century, Kolomna has become a new building
city. Since 1961, the construction of multi-storey large-panel
residential buildings has begun in the city from the commissioned
Kolomna house-building plant. The step of construction of residential
buildings was 40-50 thousand m² of housing. In addition to housing,
social and cultural facilities were built in the city. A new complex of
buildings for an agricultural technical school, a music school, a palace
of culture and sports with an artificial ice track, cinemas "Vostok",
"Horizont", "Rus" and many other objects appeared.
On July 4,
1977, Kolomna was awarded the Order of the October Revolution -
according to the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the
USSR, for the great successes achieved by the working people of the city
in economic and cultural construction, noting merits in the
revolutionary movement and in connection with the 800th anniversary of
its founding.
Today Kolomna is one of the largest industrial and
scientific centers of the Moscow Region. The most important enterprises
are the Design Bureau of Mechanical Engineering (KBM), the Kolomna
Diesel Locomotive Plant (production of diesel engines, wheel sets, main
diesel locomotives, experimental production of electric locomotives);
There are also factories for heavy machine-tool building and textile
machine building. Cement (owned by the Swiss company HOLCIM), tire
repair, rubber, rope and reinforced concrete plants, aerated concrete
block production plant, house-building plant, clothing factory. In 2002
in the village. Raduzhny, Kolomna urban district, the ADL production
complex was opened, which develops, manufactures and supplies equipment
for engineering systems for the housing and communal services and
construction sectors. Food industry (experimental meat processing plant,
confectionery factory). Printing house.
Education in Kolomna is
represented by the Kolomna Institute (branch) of the Moscow Polytechnic
University, the State Social and Humanitarian University (formerly
MGOSGI), a branch of the Moscow Academy of Economics and Law, the
Institute for Retraining and Advanced Training of Managers and
Specialists of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia, the Theological
Seminary, medical and music schools , engineering and agricultural
colleges, polytechnic college.
In Kolomna there is a diesel
locomotive research institute (JSC VNIKTI), a research institute of
mechanization and irrigation technology.
By plane
Closest to Kolomna is the Moscow
Aviation Hub. There is a direct bus to Domodedovo (a little more
than an hour and a half on the way), Vnukovo and Sheremetyevo are
farther and you need to get from them via Moscow.
By train
From the Kazan station of Moscow on the trains, which run from 5 am
to midnight, about 20 pairs a day, 2-2.5 hours on the way. In
addition, 3 express trains REKS (on the way two hours) and 3 express
trains Moscow - Ryazan (a little more than one and a half hours)
depart to Kolomna per day. Towards Ryazan several pairs a day.
The city has two railway stations:
1 Platform Kolomna. Closer
to the historical center, as well as to Moscow.
2 Station
Golutvin, pl. Uprising. Further from the center, but Ryazan express
trains stop only here, as well as the train Golutvin - Ryazan.
By car
A hundred kilometers from Moscow by the M5 Ural
autorassus From Ryazan - 90 kilometers.
By bus
From Moscow
(7 Kotelniki) to Kolomna is the route number 460. Buses depart on
average every 40 minutes, travel time - 1 hour 40 minutes, cost 250
rubles (2016). The buses themselves on this route are among the most
comfortable in Russia. There is a bus service to Ryazan, Zaraysk,
Yegoryevsk and a number of other cities.
3 Bus station
Golutvin (near the station Golutvin).
4 Bus station "Old
Kolomna". The second bus station for suburban routes.
On the
ship
1-2 times for navigation there are stops at Oksky cruise
ships.
Tram
The main transport of the city.
The most frequent routes - 2 and 4, go eight in opposite directions.
Bicycle
In Kolomna, there is the possibility of renting a
bicycle (or somehow have your own). Given that the historical center
is compact, this opportunity can be used to get around the city.
Kolomenskaya pastila , Posadskaya street, 13A. 10:00-20:00. A place where you can not only try and buy the famous marshmallow, but also there is a museum of the same name.
In the Kremlin and nearby
Cafe Knyazhich.
Cafe "Yar".
1 Cafe
"Pogrebok", st. Lazhechnikova, 18. Mon–Sun 11:00–22:00. Russian cuisine,
reviews are polar.
2 Cafe "Lazhechnikov", st. Lazhechnikova, 13.
Mon–Sun 10:00–20:00. Small cafe with Russian cuisine. The modest menu
highlights breakfast and lunch, and offers coffee to go. Portions are
small, prices are close to Moscow, payment by card is possible.
3 Art-cafe Nameki, st. Lazhechnikova, 5. Mon–Sun 12:00–24:00. An
expensive, but original way to solve the problem of satisfying hunger.
The menu is quite creative and it will take a moderate amount of mental
effort to guess what exactly will be brought to you. However, the
answers to the rebus are given in the same menu. Author's cuisine, good
service.
4 Sofi Restaurant, st. Zaitseva, 54. Mon–Sun 11:00–24:00.
1500-2000 rub. Expensive restaurant with Russian, European and Caucasian
cuisine. There is a business lunch and "coffee to go". Free Wi-Fi,
credit card payment accepted.
5 Cafe "Not just", st. Pushkina, 6.
Wed–Sun 12:00–19:00. Vegetarian menu. Prices are average, reviews are
enthusiastic.
Cheap
6 Dumplings.
Average cost
Cafe
"Sarmat".
Expensive
Coffee houses
Fast food
McDonald's.
Burger King.
KFC.
Cheap
1 Hostel Pastila, Partizan street, 42B. ✉ ☎ +7 (925)
411-35-45. around the clock. from 700 ₽ / 1 night. WiFi.
Average cost
2 Hotel Sovetskaya, Prospekt Kirov, 1. ✉ ☎ +7 (496)
612-12-29, +7 (915) 301-90-66, +7 (925) 346-41-90. around the clock.
from 2 100 ₽ / 1 night. Municipal hotel. WiFi. Public parking in
front of the building.
Expensive
3 Hotel Kolomna,
Sovetskaya Square, 2. ☎ +7 (4966) 12-18-96 6, +7 (4966) 12-34-60.
around the clock. from 3 400 ₽ / 1 night. Wi-Fi, parking.
4 40th
meridian Arbat, Vodovozny lane, 12. ✉ ☎ +7 (495) 225 60 78, +7 (496)
616 52 40, +7 (915) 491 16 61. from 4 000 ₽ / 1 night.
Connection
Branded sales and service salon Megafon, pl.
Vosstaniya, 7 (TC "Kado", 1st floor). Mon-Sun 10:00-20:00.
Kolomna is located in the center of the European part of Russia, in the expanses of the Moskvoretsko-Oka Plain. The city is located at the confluence of the Moscow River with the Oka, approximately halfway between Moscow and Ryazan. The distance from Moscow to Kolomna is 111 km by road and 105 km by rail. The area of the city is 6712 hectares, it coincides with the area of the urban district. Several rivers flow through the city, the largest of which are the Oka, Moscow and Kolomenka.
According to the climatic zoning of Russia, Kolomna is located in the
Atlantic-continental European (forest) region of the temperate climate
zone. Severe frosts and scorching heat are quite rare here. The coldest
month of the year is January (average temperature is -7.1°C), and the
warmest is July (average temperature +19.7°C). During the summer,
thunderstorms are quite frequent. The absolute minimum temperature in
Kolomna for the period of observations since 1960 was observed during
the ultrapolar invasion on December 31, 1978: -40.8 ° C, the absolute
maximum, due to the geographical location in the southeast of the region
and the low altitude of the NLM, is the highest in the Moscow region :
+39.7°C. The duration of the frost-free period is about 140 days. The
absolute annual temperature difference is 80.5 degrees. Kolomna has the
absolute maximum temperature in the Moscow region.
The World
Meteorological Organization has decided that it is necessary to
calculate two climate normals: the climatological standard and the
reference one. The climatological standard normal is updated every ten
years, and the reference normal covers the period from 1961 to 1990.
In Kolomna, there is a movement “No to the Kolomna Dump”, which, by
the standards of the city, gathers a huge number of participants. It
began with the increase and expansion of the landfill in Volovichi (a
landfill near the village of the same name, adjacent to the city). The
movement was created to eliminate the landfill that began to fill the
city since the summer of 2017. The population was extremely dissatisfied
and on February 11, 2018, they went to the rally. The participants of
this movement are collecting signatures for a petition, where they
demand that the authorities solve their landfill problem, otherwise they
will use maximum efforts to change the governor's power. Nevertheless,
members of the movement are summoned to the police, and the homes of at
least eight members are searched by the FSB. Movement member Ivan
Zhuravlev and public figure Dmitry Gudkov believe that the searches are
being carried out in connection with a case filed against Vyacheslav
Yegorov, the organizer of protests against a landfill in the village of
Volovichi, presumably under an article on repeated violation of the
rules for holding rallies (“Dadinskaya” article 212.1 of the Criminal
Code) . Yegorov himself spent 48 hours in the isolation ward of the
Kolomna police department.
After the events in Volokolamsk, the
governor of the Moscow region decided to increase the landfill in
Volovichi by about 5 times.
Coat of arms
The heraldic description of the coat of arms of
Kolomna reads: “In an azure field on a green hill, thinly bordered with
gold, there is a silver column crowned with a golden crown, accompanied
on the sides by two golden six-ray stars (two rays up).”
Flag
The flag of Kolomna was approved by the decision of the Council of
Deputies of the city of Kolomna dated 07.08.2002 No. 31/9. The flag is a
rectangular panel with a ratio of width to length of 2:3, red with a
double-sided image in the upper corner closest to the flagpole of the
main elements of the coat of arms of the city of Kolomna - a column
crowned with a golden crown, with two golden six-ray stars on the sides
in an azure field.
The city of Kolomna, like the entire Moscow region, is located in the time zone, designated by the international standard as the Moscow Time Zone (MSK). The offset from UTC is +3:00.
The origin of the name has several scientific and folk etymological
versions:
Scientific versions:
From the Slavic word "koloma",
meaning - wheel (related - rattletrap, wheeled cart). There are also
cities, towns and villages with similar names - Kolomyia, Koloma,
Kolomye and so on. Presumably, it was originally the place of residence
of wheel makers, possibly wheels for a water mill (an outdated
expression is mill stakes, wooden wheels that set the mill mechanism in
motion).
Kolomna - near me (near me - trading place, market). This
version is supported by the fact that in the Russian Empire there were
about 17 Kolomena, in different parts of the country. Some Kolomnas have
survived to this day, such as Kolomna in St. Petersburg.
V. A.
Nikonov, the author of the Brief Toponymic Dictionary, expressed the
opinion that the name of the city came from the Finno-Ugric word kalma,
meaning grave, cemetery.
Initially, the name of the river (marked as
a hydronym in a number of other regions of Rus') is related to the
Ukrainian Kolomyia and Polsk. kołomyje ‛deep ruts; potholes filled with
water. The final part - I am explained as a hypercorrect transformation
* Kolomya > * Kolomya > * Kolomya.
The prevalence of the hydronym in
the western regions allows for a Baltic origin. V. N. Toporov cites a
number of Baltic parallels that make it possible to compare the basis of
the name with lit. kalmas "calamus", kalmyne "thickets of calamus",
Prussian. kalmus "stick, cane". The etymology of the name Kolomna "river
with calamus thickets" is quite realistic and is confirmed by a number
of other hydronyms of the Moscow region, formed from the names of
aquatic vegetation.
E. M. Murzaev reports on a version that suggests
the Polovtsian origin of the name - from “kolloma” (protection), since
Kolomna, located at the confluence of the Moscow River with the Oka,
being a fortress city, blocked the road to Russian lands in the north.
Dal V. I. derived the name from the Ryazan words kolomen, kolomenye,
meaning outskirts, neighborhood, neighborhood, “why the name of the city
of Kolomna is the outskirts of Moscow.” According to M. Vasmer, from
dial. column "neighborhood" (from kolo; cf. Polish okolica -
neighborhood).
The historian and local historian V. Yu. Kirichenko,
on the basis of the Slavonic Russian Lexicon written in the Commonwealth
of Pamva Berynda, edition of 1653, deduced the origin from the South
Slavic word "kolmi". On page 65 of the Lexicon, it is interpreted as
"far away," that is, very far from something. Kolomna in 1177 was the
farthest fortress to the north-north-west of Ryazan. And the borders of
the Chernigov Principality reached the banks of the Oka and Moscow
rivers. Hence the name Kolomna is translated as "distant city".
Local government
On November 3, 2016, at a meeting of the Council
of Deputies of Kolomna, Lebedev Denis Yuryevich was elected the head of
the city district, and the former head of the city, Valery Ivanovich
Shuvalov, left his post.
Kolomna is a large industrial center of the Moscow region. More than
2200 enterprises and organizations of various forms of ownership are
registered in the city. Over 53,000 people work in the economic sector,
or approximately 36% of the total population of the city (according to
the State Statistics Committee of Russia for 2003). The enterprises of
the city produce diesel engines, main diesel locomotives TEP70
(Kolomensky Diesel Locomotive Plant named after V.V. Kuibyshev),
metal-cutting and woodworking machines, prefabricated reinforced
concrete structures and parts (Kolomensky Heavy Machine Tool Plant (ZAO
KZTS), cement (Shchurovsky Cement Plant, now owned by HOLCIM), EL-BLOCK
aerated concrete blocks (Elgad-ZSI LLC), ropes (Kanat OJSC), facade
paints (Kolomenskiye Kraski LLC, Polifan-L LLC), agricultural machinery
(Kolnag LLC) , production of flux-cored wire for metallurgy (LLC
"Affival Vostok"), Design Bureau of Mechanical Engineering. "Design
Bureau of Mechanical Engineering", created in 1942 to develop mortar
weapons, since 1956 switched to the production of missile systems.
The needs of the city's population in food and industrial goods are
satisfied by Kolomnakhlebprom OJSC, Kolomensky Khladokombinat OJSC,
Kolomchanochka OJSC (pasta and confectionery products), Kolomensky
Beekeeping Plant CJSC, confectionery production of the Moscow Krasny
Oktyabr factory, and also JSC "Mebelshchik" (cabinet furniture) and the
garment factory of the company "Valeriya".
The volume of shipped
goods of own production, performed works and services on its own in
manufacturing in 2010 - 16.4 billion rubles.
4.7 thousand people
are employed in the consumer market, there are more than 500 trading
enterprises (trading networks: CJSC Prodtovary, Dixy, etc.), more than
60 public catering enterprises, and more than 600 small retail chains
and 5 markets.
The banking system of Kolomna includes several
representative offices of banks. The most extensive network has the
Central Russian Bank of the Savings Bank of Russia. In addition, the
Bank of Moscow, VTB 24, Vozrozhdenie, Rossiysky Kapital and others have
their representative offices and branches in Kolomna.
In recent
years, active construction of modern commercial real estate objects has
been observed in Kolomna. In particular, the Rio shopping center, the
Kado shopping center, the 40th Meridian Arbat floating hotel, the
Admiralsky business center and other facilities were recently built in
the city.
Kolomna is one of the largest scientific and technical centers of the Moscow region. In Kolomna, there is a research diesel locomotive institute, an institute for melioration and irrigation technology, and military-industrial complex enterprises operate. There are more than thirty general education and special schools, engineering and agricultural technical schools, medical and music schools in the city. Higher education in the city is provided at the Moscow State Regional Social and Humanitarian Institute, the Kolomna Institute (branch) of the Moscow Polytechnic University, a branch of the Moscow Academy of Economics and Law, etc.
Representatives of several confessions (Orthodoxy, Islam and others)
live in Kolomna. First of all, the city is known for its Orthodox
history. The Muslim community is the second largest in the city. The
rest of the denominations are few in number.
Orthodoxy
In the
middle of the XIV century, the Kolomna diocese was established, which
existed until 1799, when a significant part of the diocese was
transferred to Tula. At present, the Kolomna deanery is one of the
largest in the Moscow diocese.
In Kolomna there is one of the two
cathedrals (Assumption Cathedral of Kolomna) of the Metropolitan of
Krutitsy and Kolomna, who, by virtue of his position, is a permanent
member of the Holy Synod and, according to the Charter of the Russian
Orthodox Church, as a patriarchal governor, helps the Patriarch of
Moscow and All Rus' in managing the Moscow diocese in the rights of a
diocesan bishop.
Church of St. Nicholas in Posada in the early
1990s was transferred to the community of the Russian Orthodox Old
Believer Church.
Islam
The Muslim community of Kolomna has
about three thousand people. The head of the Muslim community is Ravil
Gaynutdin. A mosque was built in the city on October Revolution Street.
There are many sports facilities in the city:
stadiums "Avangard",
"Trud", "Start" and "Cementnik";
skating center of the Moscow region
"Kolomna";
rowing channel and much more.
The most famous
athletes of Kolomna are skaters Valery Muratov, Dmitry Dorofeev,
Ekaterina Lobysheva, and judoka Evgeny Pechurov.
Pupils of
Kolomna sports schools have achieved success in many sports: speed
skating, football, rowing, chess, volleyball, hockey, judo and sambo,
boxing and many others.
Football
The football school in
Kolomna is one of the oldest in Russia. Currently, football Kolomna is
represented by the only club FC Kolomna, which plays in the Second
Division of the Russian Football Championship. The football club was
established on March 5, 1997 by merging two city teams Avangard (founded
in 1906) and FC Oka (founded in 1923). Of the well-known students of
Kolomna football, the goalkeeper of FC Tom (Tomsk) Alexei Botviniev can
be noted. Kolomna has a football freestyle team TFF AIRpro and Freestyle
Sport.
On May 1, 2011, a new football club, STARS, was presented
in Kolomna, at the presentation of which there were guests of honor:
football players of PFC CSKA and the Russian national team Igor
Akinfeev, Vasily and Alexei Berezutsky. Already in the debut season in
the history of the club, FC STARS achieved serious sporting success: the
team took second place in the championship of the Moscow region, won the
zonal tournament of cosmonaut A. A. Volkov, and in the winter tournament
in memory of V. I. Gulyaev, confidently taking first place in qualifying
group, won the right to play in the ¼ finals of the prestigious
tournament.
Skating
The Kolomna skating school is one of the
oldest in Russia, which has brought up many winners of competitions at
various levels - from city championships to multiple Olympic champions.
In 2006, the reconstruction of the Kolomna skating center was completed,
as a result of which the largest skating complex in Russia appeared in
the city, which hosted the European Championship in 2008. In 2007, 2009
and 2012 the World Cup was held in the center. In 2020, the Russian
Speed Skating Championship was held.
Rowing
The city has an
Olympic reserve school for rowing. Classes are held on the rowing canal
on the Oka River. Rowing and sailing competitions are regularly held.
Chess school
The Kolomna chess school opened in 1906 and is one
of the oldest in Russia. More than a dozen FIDE Masters and Candidates
for FIDE Masters are students of the club. Every year the club
participates in more than 50 competitions, where representatives of the
Kolomna Chess Club regularly win prizes.
Boxing
In Kolomna
there is a specialized children's and youth sports school of the Olympic
reserve "Avangard", which is already over 50 years old. The boxing
department of this school traces its history from the sports section of
boxing. Athletes-boxers regularly participate in local and all-Russian
competitions, take prizes in them.
Basketball
In recent years,
this dynamic and modern sport has become popular again. In many sports
schools of the city, departments of men's basketball were opened. And in
the children's sports school of the Olympic reserve "Avangard" since
2004, women's basketball has been revived. In addition, it was on its
basis that the city's men's basketball team (BC Kolomna) was formed.