Kotelnich is a city in the Kirov region of Russia. The administrative center of the Kotelnichsky district (which is not part of) and the municipality of the same name with the status of an urban district.
Nikolskaya Church (1903)
Memorial (2010)
Vyatka
Paleontological Museum (1994)
Dinopark "Dinosaurs on Vyatka"
(2012)
Interesting Facts
Near the city there is a unique
location of the fauna of the Permian period, which gives fossils of
unique preservation, a very wide species composition. Every year,
new species of fossil animals are discovered at the Kotelnichsky
locality: dicynodonts, Pareiasauridae, animal lizardmen, etc. The
only similar locality in the world is located on the Karoo plateau
in South Africa, but the preservation of South African fossils is an
order of magnitude lower.
The Kotelnichskoe location was studied
by scientists from Germany, Australia, and the USA. Employees of the
Vyatka Paleontological Museum work there every year.
There is a
branch of the Vyatka Paleontological Museum in Kotelnich.
On
January 5, 2014, Kotelnich was represented by Valery Gundyrev and
Ekaterina Shchepina at the Sochi 2014 Olympic Torch Relay in Kirov.
The city of Kotelnich of the Kirov region belongs to
the small historical cities of Russia (see Historical cities of the
Kirov region). It is located in the middle reaches of the Vyatka
River on the right high (40-50 m), steep bank cut from north to
south by a huge ravine - a depression, below the confluence of the
Moloma River. Height above sea level - 127 m.
The town of
Kotelnich is a water and railway junction connecting the Northern
and Gorky railways. The most important road routes are the highways
to Kirov, Sovetsk, Yaransk and Darovskaya. Located at the
intersection of federal highways R-176 "Vyatka" and R-243
"Kostroma-Sharya-Kirov-Perm". It is located in the south-west of the
regional center of Kirov - by rail - at a distance of 87 km, along a
highway - 124 km.
Population - 22,882 people. (2020)
XII-XIII centuries
The
history of the city of Kotelnich begins in the 12th century: "The
Tale of the Vyatka Country" (a literary monument of the late 17th -
early 18th centuries) reports that the city was founded in 1181 by
Novgorodians on the site of the captured Mari town of Koksharova.
The materials of the conducted archaeological excavations confirm
only a Russian settlement, and the existence of the city is
associated with the nearby Kovrov settlement, which at the turn of
the XIII-XIV centuries. is the residence of the head of the
Kotelnich community - voivode Gregory.
XIV century
In the
XIV century, for security reasons, the city from the Kovrov
settlement was transferred five kilometers downstream of the Vyatka
River, to the site of the original Slavic settlement and became the
center of a rural volost. The Kremlin is under construction. Soon
the inhabitants of Kotelnich and Nikulitsyn laid the foundation of
the capital of the free Vyatka land, the city of Khlynov.
XV-XVI centuries
In 1459, in connection with the campaign of the
army of the Grand Duke of Moscow Vasily II against Vyatka, Kotelnich
was first mentioned in Russian chronicles as a captured town. In
1489, Kotelnich, Orlov and Khlynov were again taken by the Moscow
army and finally became part of the Russian state.
B 15-16
centuries. kotelnitsky are involved in the struggle against the
Kazan Khanate. The city covers the northern Russian lands from the
constant and devastating raids of the Tatars for the population. So,
in 1542 near Kotelnich, a 4-thousand-strong detachment of Tatars was
defeated, returning from a raid on Veliky Ustyug.
XVII-XVIII
centuries
With the fall of the Tatar threat, the mention of
Kotelnich disappears from the sources and reappears in the Time of
Troubles. In 1605, an uprising broke out in the city in support of
the movement of Ivan Bolotnikov, and in 1609 - the impostor False
Dmitry II.
The Alekseevskaya fair, which appeared in 1647,
played a large role in interregional trade. With the development of
trade, the city grows. In 1659 it had 940 inhabitants. There are few
noblemen among them, and the positions of merchants, especially the
Kardakov and Zyrin dynasties, are strong (until 1917). Stone Trinity
(1705), Nikolaev (1741), Forerunner (1807) churches are under
construction. The Moscow highway was laid, connecting Vyatka with
Moscow.
Since 1780, Kotelnich has been a district town in the
Vyatka province. Its coat of arms, approved by Empress Catherine II,
contains a golden cauldron in a green field.
19th century
In the 19th century, due to its favorable geographical position,
Kotelnich became one of the centers of trade in the north-east of
the Russian Empire. In favorable years, up to 23 thousand tons of
various agricultural products were sent from the Kotelnicheskaya
pier to the cities of the Volga region and the North of Russia. By
the decree of the Senate of September 9, 1843, the Alekseevskaya
fair was officially legalized. The turnover of the fair for three
weeks of trading reached 2 million rubles in silver and, according
to the Ministry of Internal Affairs, in different years, the fair
took places from 7 to 22 among all similar enterprises in Russia.
In 1862 a public bank was opened. Rye flour, flax, meat, eggs
are sent to Arkhangelsk, Rybinsk, Veliky Ustyug, St. Petersburg,
Moscow. There are many mills in the city and its surroundings. Small
enterprises, mainly tanneries, appeared.
XX century
In the
first quarter of the 20th century, Kotelnich became an important
transport hub. B 1903-1905 a bridge was built across the Vyatka
River of the Vyatka - St. Petersburg railway; in 1927, work on the
construction of the Kotelnich - Nizhny Novgorod railway was
completed. It was by rail that the Soviet power came to the city,
established in December 1917 by a detachment of Baltic sailors from
Petrograd.
Old Kotelnich is destroyed by a terrible fire in
May 1926. The fire destroyed 2/3 of the city, 80 large stone
buildings. Only 7 people died, but many were forced to relocate: as
a result, the population decreased from 11 to 7 thousand people.
Despite the scale of the destruction, it was decided to restore the
city in its original place. By 1940, its population reached 18.5
thousand people.
During the Great Patriotic War, a school of aircraft mechanics
and 4 hospitals were located in Kotelnich for the simultaneous
treatment of 3,500 wounded. More than 2 thousand children were
evacuated from Leningrad. 52 thousand residents of the city and
region were called to the front, of which 10 812 people died and
went missing. For the exploits of 12 soldiers and officers were
awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
In the
post-war period, industry is developing in the city, housing is
being built, secondary specialized educational institutions are
opening, woodworking, agricultural processing, light industry,
mechanical engineering, and the production of plumbing from plastics
are developing.
In the vicinity of Kotelnich there are
archeological monuments: Kovrovskoe settlement of the 2nd millennium
BC BC, XII-XVII centuries AD; Skornyakovskoe settlement of the
X-XIII centuries AD e., a unique location of fossil vertebrates of
the Permian period of the Paleozoic era (255 million years ago), the
study of which continues (included in the list of natural monuments
of federal significance, in the global preliminary list of
geological areas compiled by a special international working group
under the auspices of UNESCO)
Local history and
paleontological museums, Vyatka center of Russian culture are open
in the city. Management is carried out for an elected term of 5
years from the city duma deputies by the head of the city.
Unlike other cities, no city-forming enterprise was built in
Kotelnich during the Soviet period. The existing industrial
enterprises were hard to find their niche in the market economy.
Some of them failed to do this. Under the new conditions, Vympel-M
LLC (production of plastic products), Tekskom LLC (knitwear),
Mechanical Plant OJSC (machines and drying equipment), Metalloprom
LLC (canning lid), LLC "Gemakon" (confectionery products), OJSC
"Yantar" (cheese and dairy products), OJSC "Kotelnichsky mast
impregnation plant" (supports for power lines). Woodworking got its
second birth. In 2007, the plant for the production of glued beams,
Mospromstroymaterialy-Vyatka LLC, was put into operation. Lestandart
LLC and Velon LLC are increasing the volume of production of lumber
and houses from rounded logs.
The railway lines connecting
the eastern regions of Russia with Moscow and St. Petersburg pass
through Kotelnich. Distance to the regional center (Kirov) by rail -
87 km, by road - 124 km.
Since the 19th century, the
tradition of conferring the title of "Honorary Citizen of the City"
has been preserved, among which is the famous Soviet writer Leonid
Rakhmanov, the author of the book of memoirs about Kotelnich "People
are an interesting people", Marshal of the Soviet Union, Minister of
Defense of the USSR Sergei Leonidovich Sokolov, designer of missile
technology Boris Vasilievich Chernyadyev.
1143 - a Mari town is mentioned in the chronicles
under the name Koksharov.
1181 - Koksharov was renamed to the
city of Kotelnich.
1686 - Kotelnich burned down with all the
churches. The fires were repeated in 1721, 1805, 1892, 1905, 1926
and 1992.
1705 - laying of the stone Trinity Cathedral. The first
stone building in Kotelnich.
1780 - Vyatka province was formed by
the decree of Catherine II; Kotelnich became the center of the
Kotelnichsky district.
1781 - the emblem of the city was
established.
1784 - the beginning of the planned development of
the city.
1789 - a postal expedition is opened.
1790 - a small
public school was opened in Kotelnich.
1792 - the city council is
allowed to open in Kotelnich.
1812 - A militia detachment of
2,500 is formed to participate in the war against Napoleon.
1831
- the county hospital with 10 beds was opened.
1843 - by the
decree of the government senate the Alekseevskaya fair was
legalized, which appeared much earlier.
1852 - a public garden
was opened, now a city park.
1854 - the first enterprise appeared
- the Kurshakov tannery.
1856 - Gostiny Dvor was built.
1859 -
a female school of the 1st category was opened, transformed into a
progymnasium, then into a gymnasium.
1871 - a vocational school
was opened.
1895 - the city public library was founded, in 1937
it was named after A.S. Pushkin.
1905 - through railway traffic
began on the Moscow - Perm line.
1907 - A. L. Tupitsyn's
practical accounting courses were opened.
1912 - laying of a
water supply system in Kotelnich.
1917 - the establishment of
Soviet power; the VRK was created.
1917 - the county museum began
to work.
1925 - Freight trains began to run on the Nizhny
Novgorod - Kotelnich line. Railway station Kotelnich-2 was built.
1926 - significant fire, 2/3 of the city burned down.
1927 -
regular passenger train traffic on the new Nizhny Novgorod line was
opened.
1929 - Kotelnich became the administrative center of the
Kotelnichesky District of the Nizhny Novgorod Territory. It includes
14 districts.
1930 - a multidisciplinary polyclinic was put into
operation.
1930 - the administrative system of division into
districts was abolished; Kotelnich became a center that united 47
village councils.
1930 - the operating city power plant and bathhouse were put into
operation.
1930 - the first issue of the regional newspaper
"Udarnik" was published.
1932 - Construction of the Dynamo
stadium began.
1936 - the construction of school No. 2 was
completed.
1937 - a maternity hospital and a baby house were
built.
1937 - a children's music school was opened.
1941 -
during the war, 4 evacuation hospitals worked in Kotelnich.
1953
- Construction of the elevator began.
1956 - bus traffic in the
city was opened, since 1957 buses have gone through the district.
1959 - The Rodina cinema and the district house of culture are
opened.
1963 - The city is connected to the state power grid.
1966 - A confectionery factory was opened.
1967 - The first
electric trains started on the Kotelnich - Kirov section.
1968 -
Commissioning of the plant for the production of plastic products
"Micrometer".
1973 - A new children's hospital is opened.
1976
- A new bus station was commissioned.
1978 - The Kirov
Agricultural College was opened.
1978 - A dental clinic was
opened.
1990 - The building of the RK KPSS was built on the Upper
Square, now the city children's cultural center.
1991 - The first
issue of the literary and regional studies almanac "Countryside" was
published.
1991 - The new therapeutic building of the hospital
celebrated housewarming.
1991 - The labor exchange began to work.
1991 - The city expanded its borders by including the villages of
Rusinovy, Khitrina, Pakhomyaty in its line.
1991 - The regional
newspaper came out with a new heading "Kotelnichsky Vestnik", ceased
to be the organ of the district committee of the CPSU and district
city councils.
1992 - The last and only windmill in the region
burned down.
1992 - Sergey Anatolyevich Minin, a deputy of the
Kotelnichsky city and Kirov regional Councils of People's Deputies,
was appointed Mayor of the city.
1993 - A new bank was opened,
which became a branch of the joint-stock bank "Kirovsotsbank".
1993 - The local history collection “Kotelnich. Years and People ”.
1994 - The foundation stone of the new railway station was laid.
1995 - Illumination of St. Nicholas Church took place.
1996 - The
first bricks of the future Sberbank were laid.
1996 - The City
Duma adopted the Charter of the city of Kotelnich, Kirov region.
1997 - By the decision of the Kotelnichsky City Council, the anthem
of the city of Kotelnich was adopted.
1998 - The city of
Kotelnich celebrated the 855th anniversary of its foundation.
1999 - A branch of compulsory health insurance was opened.
2000 -
75th anniversary of the station at the station Kotelnich-2.
2000
- The book by E. I. Kozlov "On the seven winds" was published.
2001 - Internet access appeared.
2002 - The city beauty contest
was held for the first time.
2002 - A memorial plaque was
installed in honor of the Hero of the Soviet Union A. A. Shestakov.
2002 - A digital automatic telephone exchange, 2 cellular towers MTS
appeared.
2002 - The book by G. A. Kotelnikov "With love for my
homeland" was published.
2002 - Reconstruction of the former
dormitory of the precast concrete plant began.
2003 - The BT-152
anti-mine combat minesweeper of the Northern Navy was given the
honorary name "Kotelnich".
2003 - Kotelnich's website was created
on the Internet kotelnich.info
2004 - The local history yearbook
"Chronicle" was published. Book 1.
2005 - An Orthodox church was
consecrated on the territory of the educational colony.
2005 -
Kotelnich's website kotelnich.info became the winner in the
All-Russian competition “Golden site of LSG” in the nomination “Best
site of a small town”.
2005 - The local history yearbook
"Chronicle" was published. Book 2.
2005 - A new railway station
was opened.
2005 - New diagnostic equipment appeared in the
Central District Hospital.
2005 - Completion of the
reconstruction of the central library.
2006 - A new bus station
was opened.
2007 - The Alekseevskaya Fair in Kotelnich celebrated
its 360th anniversary.
2007 - A new woodworking plant,
Mospromstroymaterialy-Vyatka LLC, was opened.
2007 - Work began
on the construction of a water conduit to the city from the village
of Shaleevshchina, Kotelnichsky district.
2008 - The new building
of the Kotelnichsky District ROVD was solemnly opened on the street.
Prudnaya, 55.
2008 - The name of L. N. Rakhmanov was assigned to
the central city library.
2008 - A subsidy center was launched.
2008 - Plasma center opened.
2008 - By the decision of the city
council st. Zyryata was renamed in honor of the hero-paratrooper
D.I.Belykh.
2009 - Kotelnich celebrates the 550th anniversary of
the first mention in Russian annals.
2009 - the city council
established the badge of honor "For services to the city".
2009 -
the regional government made a decision to locate a health and
fitness center in the town of Kotelnich and began its construction.
2010 - a sports and recreation complex was built and put into
operation.
2012 - November 12, the dinopark "Dinosaurs on Vyatka"
was opened in Kotelnich. In the center of the city, in the bed of
the Balakirevitsa river, there are 18 dinosaur figures. The largest
one is Apatosaurus 25 meters long and 5 meters high.