Kstovo is a city (since 1957) in Russia, the administrative
center of the Kstovo district of the Nizhny Novgorod region, which
includes an administrative-territorial entity (a city of regional
significance) and a municipal entity of the city of Kstovo with the
status of an urban settlement as its only settlement. The population
is 67 797 people. (2020)
The city of Kstovo is located on the
right bank of the Volga, 15 km from Nizhny Novgorod on the M7 Volga
highway and the Okskaya - Zeletsino railway line. The Kudma River
flows through the city.
The city-forming enterprise is LLC
Lukoil-Nizhegorodnefteorgsintez. Also in the city there is a sports
complex "World SAMBO Academy".
It has been known since the XIV century as the village
of Kstovskaya. A number of versions associate the name of the
village with a cross: "to be baptized", "kstovy" - to be baptized,
cross.
According to folk etymology, the barge haulers pulling
barges from Astrakhan to Nizhny Novgorod, reaching the village of
Bezvodnoye, from where the Nizhny was already visible, crossed,
“kostya”, with the words “Well, thank God, they reached Nizhny.
It is also possible that Mordovian pagans were baptized at this
place.
Another version connects the name with the location of the
village at the crossroads.
According to another version, the name
comes from the Mordovian "ksta" - strawberry. This was reflected on
the flag and coat of arms of the city.
The vicinity of Kstovo
was inhabited by Mordovian and Tatar tribes. The population was
engaged in seething, weaving a metal mesh, seasonal part-time work
(holiday work).
At the beginning of the 15th century, the
village of Kstovskaya with the lands belonging to it was given into
the possession of the Pechersky Monastery by the son of the last
prince of Nizhny Novgorod, Daniil Borisovich. Over the next one
hundred and fifty years, between the Tatar raids, the Kstovo people
were engaged in agriculture, hunting and fishing.
In 1785 a
post station was opened in the village of Kstovo.
In 1818 a
stone church was opened in Kstovo, and from that time it became a
village.
By the middle of the 19th century, Kstovo was a
proprietary village owned by the landowner Pashkov. According to the
"Map Mende of the Nizhny Novgorod province of 1850", the village of
Kstovo occupied the territory of the present May 1st Street and
consisted of 40 households.
After the peasant reform, the
village became the center of the Kstovskaya volost. In 1911, there
were 145 households in the village.
After the revolution, the
Kstovsky village council was created in the village. With the
abolition of the Kstovo volost by the mid-1920s, Kstovo became part
of the suburban Pechersk volost. On June 10, 1929, due to the
abolition of the volosts, the villages of the Pechersk volost became
part of the Pechersk region. On February 1, 1930, the regional
center was moved from the Pechera settlement to Kstovo, and the area
was renamed Kstovsky.
In the 1950s, Kstovo became an oil
refining center - the Novogorkovsky (Kstovsky) oil refinery, a
thermal power station and other enterprises were built here.
On May 25, 1954, the village received the status of a workers'
settlement, and the Kstovo village council was abolished. On
September 12, 1957, the settlement received the status of a city in
regional subordination.
In the early 1960s, factories for
mineral wool products, for the complex processing and repair of
tires, and a dairy were built in Kstovo.
On May 12, 1962,
Kstovo received the status of a city of regional subordination. In
addition, nearby rural settlements were included in its line:
Bolshiye Vishenki, Malye Vishenki, Lukerino and Sosnovka from
Novolikeevsky village council and Stolbishchi from Bolsheelninsky
village council. In October 1969, the Yuzhny settlement was annexed
to the city.
According to the Law of the Nizhny Novgorod
Region dated June 15, 2004 No. 60-З "On endowing municipalities -
cities, workers' settlements and village councils of the Nizhny
Novgorod region with the status of an urban, rural settlement",
Kstovo received the status of a city of regional significance and
formed an urban settlement of the city of Kstovo as part of the
Kstovo district ...
There is a river port in
the city of Kstovo, there is a railway freight road service,
pipelines supplying oil and gas to the region.
Good
intraregional transport links have been organized. The total length
of departmental and private highways is 533 kilometers, including
512 kilometers with hard surface. The total length of bus
intraregional lines passing through the territory of the district is
292 kilometers.