Kumertau is a city in the Republic of Bashkortostan of the Russian Federation. The city of republican significance, forms the municipality of the city of Kumertau with the status of an urban district.
A memorial helicopter Ka-26 was installed on the Square of the
Soviets.
In the city park of culture and recreation. Y. Gagarin
erected a monument in honor of the 40th anniversary of the Victory in
the Great Patriotic War - the MiG-15 fighter aircraft.
In the alley
of single-industry towns "Vzlyotny Park" the Su-24M aircraft is
installed on a pedestal
Bust of Majita Gafuri.
Monument to V. I.
Lenin.
Bust of Shagit Khudaiberdin.
Obelisk "Eternal glory to the
soldiers who fell in the battles for the Motherland 1941-1945."
Stele
"Eternal Glory to the Fallen in the Battles for the Motherland
1941-1945".
Monument of Military and Labor Glory, in honor of the
30th anniversary of the Victory.
Stele "Dedicated to the builders of
winged machines", in honor of the 40th anniversary of the Victory.
Monument to the liquidators of the man-made disaster. The marble stele
depicts a soldier covering a nuclear reactor with his palms. Dedicated
to participants in nuclear weapons testing and elimination of the
consequences of radiation disasters.
The stele “In Memory of the
Youth of Our Fathers” was opened on October 29, 1968, on the occasion of
the 50th anniversary of the Komsomol.
The name of the city comes from the heads. kumer tau - "coal mountain".
Located in the southern part of Bashkortostan. It is located 250 km south of Ufa and 102 km south of Sterlitamak. Railway station of the Kuibyshev railway.
Coal deposits in the south of Bashkortostan, apparently, were known
from the first half of the 18th century. It is known that they were
mentioned in the reports of the Orenburg expedition, which was in charge
of the construction of cities and fortresses on the border with
Kazakhstan, for 1734-1737. Later, information about the coal deposit
appeared in the report of geologists Dmitry Nikolaevich Sokolov and A.
Pochaev, who wrote that an area with signs of coal bearing was marked on
the Yushatyr-bash River near the village of Ermolaevo. There is
information that the landowner and latifundist Ippolit Danilovich
Schott, who owned a manor and a large farm in the village of Ermolaevo,
which included a distillery, used coal to produce alcohol.
After
the October Revolution and the deployment of industrialization, which
required new raw material bases for the growing Soviet industry, the
first purposeful exploration work began in the region, in which Mikhail
Eduardovich Nainsky, Nikolai Pavlovich Gerasimov, Georgy Vasilyevich
Vakhrushev, Alexandra Pavlovna Tyazheva, Viktor Alekseevich Cherdyntsev,
A. V. Martova, A. I. Vodyannikov, V. I. Tikhvinskaya and other Soviet
scientists. In 1926, Vakhrushev pointed out the yield of brown coal and
recommended paying attention to the places of coal mining of the
Kuyurgazinsky deposit by the landowner Schott. In 1933, coal was
explored in the valleys of the Bolshoy Yushatyr and Kuyanysh rivers.
Finally, in 1942, geologist L.F. Sosnitskaya discovered the
Verkhne-Babaevsky coal-bearing area, a detailed study of which was
carried out in the same year by Alexander Timofeevich Ponomarenko, who,
after almost a year of hard work, gave a confident conclusion that the
area of the site is extremely rich in coal deposits. He reported:
"Babaevskoye brown coal deposit is unique, one of the few on earth,
with large coal seams"
On his instructions, the first mechanical
well for coal mining was laid in the depression near the Babai stream.
Following the field, called "Babaevskoye", under the leadership of
Ponomarenko, other deposits of the South Ural brown coal basin were also
explored: the Mikhailovskoye, Surakaiskoye, Voroshilovskoye,
Tugustemirovskoye, Mayachinskoye deposits (October 1945), Mikhelevskoye
(April 1946), Kalinovskoye (May 1949). For exploration of the South Ural
lignite basin A. T. Ponomarenko in 1949 was presented to the Order of
the Red Banner of Labor, and in 1950 to the State Prize of the USSR. By
the decision of the executive committee of the city council of deputies
of Kumertau dated December 2, 1970, the former Shakhterskaya street in
the eastern part of the city was named after the scientist. This name
has been retained by her to the present day.
The future city of Kumertau arose as a working settlement on the
construction site of a brown coal mine in connection with the beginning
of the industrial development of the Verkhne-Babaevsky deposit of the
South Ural brown coal basin, on the basis of the Decree of the Council
of Ministers of the USSR dated June 11, 1948 No. 2040 on the
construction of coal mines (Ermolaevsky and Mayachinsky ) in the
Kuyurgazinsky district of the Bashkir ASSR. The creation of new coal
mining centers in the South Urals using a cheap open method would save
significant funds when organizing the provision of industrial centers of
the Trans-Urals from old coal mining centers, which, for the most part,
were located in Ukraine and were developed using an expensive mine
method.
In 1946, a construction and installation department was
formed in the city of Meleuz, which was entrusted with preparing the
construction of a workers' camp. The design of the village was entrusted
to Ivan Vasilyevich Kosmachev. On September 8, 1947, builders arrived at
the construction site of the first house (now Shakhtostroitelnaya
Street), and on September 9, at a solemn meeting, the laying of the
settlement was officially carried out. The workers who built the first
houses settled in temporary barracks, dugouts, and tents.
On June
22, 1948, the state trust "Bashkiruglerazrezstroy" was formed for the
construction of coal mines at the sites explored in 1942-1949 in the
south of the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. An
experienced mining engineer Leonid Ivanovich Maslov was appointed
manager of the trust, and Leonid Sergeevich Bakhov was appointed head of
industrial construction. In the summer of 1948, they, together with the
first builders of the mine, arrived in the village, where they led the
actively started development of the deposit. At the initial stage, there
was no centralized water supply in the village; the only source of water
was the nearby Babay stream. By the end of 1948, the housing stock of
the village was replenished with a hundred insulated tents, two panel
houses, and more than ten barracks.
In the same year, the Council
of Ministers of the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic decided
to lay the Ishimbay-Yermolaevo railway line, through which equipment and
workers will be delivered to the construction site of the mine, and
subsequently the mined coal will be transported to places of
consumption. Resources for the construction were allocated by the nearby
regions of the republic.
To provide the trust with building
materials in the nearby village of Pyatki (now part of the urban
district of Kumertau), the Pyatkovsky brick factory was built in
1948-1949. In 1950, the construction of a temporary CHP plant for
heating and power supply of the village began. In 1953, a repair and
mechanical plant began work, on the basis of which an aircraft plant
will be formed in 1962.
Until 1949, the official name of the village was the settlement at
the construction site "Bashuglerazrezstroy" or abbreviated -
"residential settlement BURS".
There is a version according to
which the unofficial name was “Babay village” - from the hydronym “Babay
stream, a tributary of the Bolshoy Yushatyr River”, as well as from the
name of the Babaevsky deposit. Previously, a similar name was given to
the Babaevsky village council of deputies of the working people of the
Bashkir ASSR of the Kuyurgazinsky district. But this version does not
find documentary confirmation.
The previously expressed point of
view was that by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the
RSFSR (d. No. 732/54), the settlement at the construction site
"Bashuglerazrezstroy" was named the working settlement of Kumer-Tau
(through a hyphen), and only subsequently was renamed Kumertau, finds no
documentary evidence. In fact, in the text of the mentioned decree, the
assigned name is written in the same form in which it is preserved to
this day: Kumertau. In exactly the same way, the name of the village was
recorded in the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the
RSFSR of February 16, 1953 (d. No. 731/10).
Also, they do not
find documentary confirmation of the conclusion of non-professional
research that the founders of the city were either the Pyatki farm, or
the village of Yegoryevka, or the Zarya farm. The area allocated for the
construction of the working settlement and the cut was separated from
the territory of the Kuyurgazinsky district, and included the lands of
the Zarya and Pyatki farms. The village of Yegoryevka, during its
functioning, never entered the territory of the city.
On October 5, 1949, by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the
RSFSR (house No. 732/54), the settlement at the construction site
"Bashuglerazrezstroy" was classified as a workers' settlement with the
name given to it: the working settlement of Kumer-Tau (coal mountain) of
the Kuyurgazinsky district, later the name transformed into Kumertau.
On February 16, 1953, by the Decree of the Supreme Council of the
RSFSR (paragraph 25 of the minutes of the meeting No. 24), the village
received the status of a city of regional subordination with the
assignment of the name - the city of Kumertau.
In 1954, by Decree
of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR dated December 22,
1954, d.732/49 (paragraph 88 of the minutes of the meeting No. 55), the
settlement of Mayachny suburb of Kumertau was classified as a workers'
settlement of the city of Kumertau.
In 1984, by the Decree of the
Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Bashkir ASSR dated June 28, 1984
(case No. 6-2 / 153), rural settlements were included in the territory
of the city of Kumertau as an administrative-territorial unit: the
village of Ira, the village of Staraya Uralka (now the village of
Staraya Uralka), the village of Alekseevka, formerly part of the
territory of the Kuyurgazinsky district.
In 1992, by the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the Bashkir SSR
of June 23, 1992, No. 194, the village of Nikolaevka was transferred to
the administrative boundaries of the city.
A feature of the
administrative-territorial structure of the city of Kumertau and the
Kumertau region was that in 1965-1990 the authorities of the Kumertau
region were located in the city of Kumertau, while the city itself was
not part of the region and was not the center of the region. Since 1991,
the administrative center of Kumertausky, which regained its original
name - Kuyurgazinsky district, was finally transferred to the village of
Ermolaevo.
In 1996, by Decree of the President of the Republic of
Bashkortostan dated 09.10.1996 No. UP-665S, an economic favored area
"Kumertau" with a preferential taxation regime was established on the
territory of the city of Kumertau, which functioned until 2003.
By Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated July 29,
2014 No. 1398-r “On approval of the list of single-industry towns”, it
is included in the category “Single-profile municipalities of the
Russian Federation (single-industry towns) with the most difficult
socio-economic situation”.
By Decree of the Government of the
Russian Federation No. 1550 dated December 29, 2016, the territory of
advanced socio-economic development "Kumertau" was created in the city.
Tourism
Tourism in Kumertau is one of the main branches of the
region's economy, as well as an important source of income.
Industry
On February 26, 2009, the plant for the extraction of brown
coal of JSC Bashkirugol was liquidated, located at the address: st. K.
Marx, 24. Now here is the Kumertau branch of the Ufa University of
Science and Technology (KF UUNiT). Mechanical engineering was
represented by the factory of industrial (military) robots "Iskra"
(production of roller mills, baking equipment, etc.) - now bankrupt.
Food (fish, etc.) industry. Briquette factory (closed). Kumertau CHPP.
The city-forming enterprise is the Kumertau Aviation Production
Enterprise (KumAPP).
The city is known for the production of
civil and military helicopters of the Kamov Design Bureau, the only
coaxial helicopters in the world that are mass-produced (other coaxial
helicopters are the Sikorsky X2 and Sikorsky S-97 Raider). At present,
the Ka-27, Ka-29, Ka-31, Ka-226 models are being produced.
In the
vicinity of the city, near the village of Kanchura, the
Kanchurinsko-Musinsky underground gas storage complex (UGS) operates. In
1969, the Kanchurinskaya underground gas storage station was
established. In 2004, the Musinskoye UGS facility was created.
Currently, these underground gas storage facilities are combined into
the Kanchurinsko-Musinsky UGS facility. As a result of the
reconstruction, it is planned to increase the volume of active gas in
the UGS complex from 3.4 billion m³ to 5.5 billion m³, that is, more
than one and a half times. In addition, the quality of gas supplied from
the UGS facility to the gas supply system will be improved, the
reliability of gas supply and operation of the UGS facility will be
increased due to higher automation of production processes, and the
environmental situation in the region will be improved. The southern
part of Bashkortostan in the winter months is supplied almost
exclusively with the gas that is withdrawn from the
Kanchurinsko-Musinsky UGS complex. The largest consumers are
Sterlitamak, Ishimbay, Salavat, Meleuz, Kumertau.
Oil and
associated gas are being produced.
Education There are 26 preschool institutions, 19 general education
schools, 1 gymnasium, Republican Bashkir gymnasium-boarding school No.
3, a boarding school for orphans and children left without parental
care, a pre-school orphanage, a republican polytechnic boarding school
and an evening school in Kumertau. .
There are institutions of
additional education: a center for children's creativity, stations for
young technicians and naturalists, a tourist club, a children's youth
sports school, two music schools, an art and choreographic school, a
municipal institution "Agency for the Development of Youth Initiatives"
There are 15 vocational education institutions. Of these, 2 primary
vocational educational institutions (professional lyceum No. 73,
vocational school No. 100) and secondary vocational ones: a mining
college, an aviation technical college, a pedagogical college, the
Bashkir College of Economics and other universities, as well as
universities of the city, including one independent higher education
institution - Kumertau Institute of Economics and Law, the rest are
represented by branches and representative offices, including the Ufa
University of Science and Technology, Orenburg State University, Bashkir
State Pedagogical University.
Healthcare As of the beginning of
2010, 1,466 people were employed in the healthcare sector. The central
city hospital is designed for 425 beds and consists of 16 buildings.