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Mariinsky Posad (outdated. Sundyr, Chuvash. Sĕntĕrvărri) is a city in the Chuvash Republic. The administrative center of the Mariinsko-Posad region, forms the Mariinsko-Posad urban settlement.
Sovereign Mountain.
Holy Trinity Cathedral
Church of the Kazan
Mother of God
City embankment
Marposad Wind Power Plant
Arboretum
Museum of History and Local Lore.
School Museum of Empress Maria
Alexandrovna
Museum "Firefighting"
Art Gallery named after Yu.A.
Zaitsev
Space Museum
By plane
By plane to Cheboksary airport (CSY), then 50 km by car
or bus
By train
There is no railway connection to Mariinsky
Posad, you need to get to Cheboksary, then
take a taxi or bus
By car
Along the M-7 highway, then along
local roads.
On the ship
In summer, river buses run along the
Volga to Mariinsky Posad from
Nizhny Novgorod
and Kazan
Public transport includes buses and taxis
Mariinsky Posad stands on the right bank of
the Volga River in central Russia between Cheboksary and Kazan.
Previously, the settlement was part of the "Akazin hundred" of the
Mari prince Akaz. According to the chronicle, after the conquest of
the Kazan Khanate by Ivan the Terrible in the middle of the 16th
century, Russians began to settle here. This settlement is one of
the oldest in Chuvashia and it was then called Sundyr.
The
first mention of Sundyr dates back to 1620. The village got its name
from the name of the Sundyrka River, on the banks of which it arose.
In Chuvash, Mariinsky Posad is still called Sӗntӗrvӑrri, which means
“the mouth of the Sundyr”. The word "Sӗntur" comes from the miner.
Shyndyr (river Sundyr), which consists of the words - "shyn" -
"river, water source"; "dyr" / "tyr" - "edge, shore".
NI
Zolotnitskiy believes that the reason for the emergence of this name
was the Sundyr Mountain (Mar. Alamner, Arali kuryk) with an ancient
Mari settlement, at the foot of which there was a village.
Another pre-revolutionary researcher, S. M. Mikhailov, ascribes to
the name “Sundyr” a Mari origin from the word “shuder” or “shidyr” -
a spindle. This interpretation is associated with the spread of
small "spindle" mills in the old days on the Sundyrka River.
This large village of Sundyr since 1646, overgrown with settlements
and repairs Konovalovo, Denisovo, Voroshilovo, Novy Pochinok,
Molyakovo, Chekursky settlement, was given in 1694 to the patrimony
of Krutitsky Metropolitan Sylvester, who collected a cash collection
from the lands given to him.
In 1717, a distillery was
founded in the city by the Cheboksary merchant L. Pichugin (since
1933 - the Marposad distillery).
Peasant War led by Pugachev
Emelyan Pugachev's detachments marched below the village of Sundyr,
near the village of Neryadovo in the summer of 1774. This steep
slope on the banks of the Volga is located 3-5 km below the
Mariinsky Posad and is called "Pugachevsky Vzvoz". "... In the
morning in Sundyr, the Pugachevites hanged about 10 people, during
the day they plundered and set fire to the church in the village,
executed the priest Ivan Petrov, smashed the drinking house and,
destroying the supply of wine and seizing the state money, set off
towards Tsivilsk". The next day, Emelyan Pugachev addressed the
population with a manifesto, in which he proclaimed the emancipation
of the peasants from serfdom forever and urged them to mercilessly
destroy landowners, nobles and priests.
Catherine the Great
Sovereign Gora (in the eastern part of the Mariinsky Posad) was
named in honor of the visit by Catherine the Great, fascinated by
the beautiful views of the Volga landscapes. This happened in 1763,
when the Empress visited Sundyr on her way to Kazan. In her honor,
the local nobility arranged a dinner on the mountain, which was
later named the Sovereign. There are many springs at its foot. This
is one of the main attractions of the city and a favorite vacation
spot for the townspeople. In 1768, the Catherine oak grove was laid,
which has survived to this day.
A.S. Pushkin at one time passed through the Mariinsko-Posadsky district (near the village of Oktyabrskoye) and in the missed chapter of "The Captain's Daughter" described a terrible picture of the reprisals against the peasants: "Suddenly the moon came out from behind a cloud and illuminated a terrible spectacle ... the gallows was floating on the raft, three bodies were hanging on the crossbar ... The bright moon lit up the disfigured faces of the unfortunate. One of them was an old Chuvash, the other was a Russian peasant, strong and healthy for 20 years ... a black plaque was nailed above them, on which it was written in large white letters: "Thieves and rioters ..." The raft was sailing down the river. The gibbet blackened for a long time in the darkness. " But soon the village of Sundyr and the neighboring six villages: Konovalovo, Denisovo, Voroshilovo, Novy Pochinok, Molyakovo, Chekursky settlement recovered and began trading in timber, bread, fish and crafts.
In 1844, several merchants, traders and timber producers, who
were peasants, wanted to transfer to the estate of townspeople for
their industrial affairs. To obtain a merchant's guild, referring to
the lack of land (since when there was a lack of land, they hired
arable land from neighboring landowners' peasants), they made a
petition to the tsarist government, asking permission to “name the
city or posad Mariinsky in honor of the name of the imperial majesty
Empress Maria Alexandrovna and build at the expense of of those
applying for the almshouse is also named after her ... ”. This
petition was signed by 2106 people. On May 23, 1856, the issue of
forming a new city was discussed at a meeting of the State Council
of the Russian Empire, which decided to rename the village of Sundyr
and the adjacent villages Denisovo, Voroshilovo and Konovalovo into
an urban settlement - posad. And on June 18, 1856, Emperor Alexander
II "deigned to approve and ordered to fulfill" the opinion of the
State Council on renaming the village of Sundyr in Kazan province
and nearby villages into posad and the name of the posad Mariinsky.
On June 21, 1856, the Minister of Internal Affairs submitted a
corresponding report to the Governing Senate, which in turn issued a
decree on July 6, 1856 “on renaming the village of Sundyr and nearby
villages into posad and the name of the Mariinsky posad”.
before 1917
At the beginning of the 20th century, Mariinsky
Posad, thanks to the activities of the merchants and the favorable
economic and geographical location, the proximity of shopping
centers (Nizhny Novgorod and Kazan), surpassed the city of
Cheboksary. In the city they traded in handicrafts, cooperage,
blacksmithing, transport (carts, sledges) business, wicker weaving
were developed, a shipyard worked, where barges, fishing boats, and
ships were made.
The city merchants not only worked, but also
lived in their own city. Thanks to merchants, the old central part
of the city is a monument of urban planning and architecture of the
17th-19th centuries. Mariinsky Posad is a classic provincial
merchant town, almost untouched by the twentieth century.
XVIII-XIX centuries
In 1726 the Trinity Cathedral was built.
In 1761, the Church of the Kazan Mother of God was erected).
In
1882, a fire and rescue service was formed in the city (since 1957 -
a fire department, which in 1988 moved to a new 4-storey building in
the southern outskirts of the city; previously it was located in the
northern part of the city near Naberezhnaya street).
In 1892, a
hospital (for 10 beds) was opened in the city, the request for the
construction of which was written back in 1875 by the doctor of the
Marposad medical district Grossheim; in 1895 a private pharmacy was
opened (pharmacist Adlivankin)
XX century
in 1918 the
Mariinsko-Posad City Council was formed.
in 1918, a drama club
was founded in the People's House (later in the RDK as the People's
Theater "Mariinsky")
On July 9, 1919, Nadezhda Konstantinovna
Krupskaya (wife of V.I. ".
1921 - Marinsky Posad became the
center of the Cheboksary district (from March 26, 1921 to October 1,
1927).
1927 - in connection with the formation of the
Mariinsko-Posad district, the city became its administrative center.
The population of the district was then 42343 people. The former
deputy commissar of education of the Chuvash ASSR, IS Stepanov
(1897-1945), became the first chairman of the district executive
committee.
1927 - the beginning of the industrial development of
the city. On December 3, the Mariinsko-Posad shipyard began work
(since 1963 - a plant of agricultural equipment; since 1966 - an
experimental plant "Prommekhanizatsiya"; since 1992 - JSC
"Prommekhanizatsiya"; actually ceased to exist in 2010-2011,
completely demolished in 2012- 2013).
1928 - the beginning of the
work of the local radio center.
1932 - the Mariinsko-Posad
printing house began to work and the district newspaper Udarnik was
published (from 1953 - Leninskoe Znamya, from 1994 - Nashe Slovo).
1938 - MTS was organized (later - the regional association
"Selkhoztekhnika"; since 1994 - OJSC "Marposadskaya agricultural
machinery").
In October 1941, the Chuvash State Pedagogical
Institute was transferred to Mariinsky Posad (the pedagogical
institute was there until August 1945).
Second half of the
20th century
1954 - Vocational school No. 28 was founded (first
as a school of agricultural mechanization No. 15; from 1964 - SPTU
No. 6; from 1984 - SPTU No. 28).
1956 - The Novinsky Russian Folk
Choir is organized.
1958 - the Mariinsko-Posad Music School with
the departments of piano, violin, button accordion was opened
(Leninskaya St., 2; since 1975 - Leninskaya St., 3).
1963 - the
Mariinsko-Posad Museum of Local Lore was opened
1967 - The Seagull Cinema for 300 spectators was opened (on the
site of the destroyed Assumption Church).
1973 - the Automobile
Repair Plant (later - JSC ARZ "Marposadsky") began its work.
1973
- VIA "Shuzm" was founded at the RDK (organizers - Nikolai Savelyev
and Nikolai Gorbunov; took 1st place among rural VIAs at republican
festivals).
1987 - in December, the Mariinsko-Posad cable plant
(originally as the Marposad branch of the Cheboksary Chuvashkabel
plant) began operations.
XXI Century
2002 - The Lada
trading house, the first supermarket in the city, was opened in the
residential residential area of Konovalovo.
2008 - a new
hospital building with a total capacity of 78 round-the-clock and 12
day beds was put into operation.
2010 - a new sports and
recreation complex of FGC Mariinsky was opened (June 21, 2010).
2011 - in April 2011 the Museum of Heraldry was opened - the
creative workshop of the artist-heraldist V. A. Shipunov (Konovalovo
microdistrict, Lomonosov St.).
2012 - Mariinsky Posad took 1st
place in the Republican review-competition for the best landscaping
and improvement of the settlement of the Chuvash Republic in 2012.
On August 9, 2013, a monument to Empress Maria Alexandrovna was
unveiled on Naberezhnaya Street in the presence of the Head of
Chuvashia Mikhail Ignatiev.
2013 - Mariinsko-Posad urban
settlement took first place in the republican competition "The most
comfortable urban (rural) settlement of the Chuvash Republic".
In
September 2016, representatives of Gavrilov Posad, Sergiev Posad and
Mariinsky Posad took part in the I interregional Festival of Posads
"Keeping history and traditions", which took place in the
Mariinsko-Posad region of Chuvashia.
On December 22, 2016, a new
cinema, equipped with modern equipment, opened in the RDK building.
A. Ya. Eshpaya