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Naberezhnye Chelny (Tat. Yar Chaly, from November 19, 1982 to January 6, 1988 - Brezhnev) is a city in the Republic of Tatarstan of Russia. The city is located in the north-east of the republic on the left bank of the Kama River and the Nizhnekamsk reservoir.
Orthodox churches
Holy Ascension Cathedral
Church of the Holy
Unmercenaries Cosmas and Damian
Church of St. Tikhon, Patriarch of
Moscow
Church of St. Seraphim of Sarov
Mosques
Jamig - the
largest and highest cathedral mosque under construction
Abuzar
Ak
Mosque
Bilal
Ikhlas
Ramadan
Tauba
Tufan
Chishme
Keusar
Protestant congregations
Church of Evangelical
Christians "Renaissance"
Church of Evangelical Christians "House of
the Gospel"
Evangelical Christian Church, part of the United Church
of Evangelical Christians
Seventh Day Adventist Church
Theaters
Russian Drama Theater "Craftsmen"
Naberezhnye Chelny
State Tatar Drama Theater
Puppet Theatre
Youth theater-studio
"Key"
City School of Theater Arts
New Drama Theater "Liberta"
Cinemas
Cinema complex "Illusion" - 3 halls.
Multi-complex
"Cinema Park" - 8 halls.
Cinema Center "Cinema 5" - 5 halls.
Cinema "Madagascar" - 5 halls
Museums and galleries
State
Museum of the History of the City and Construction of KAMAZ
Art
Gallery
Museum of the history of the city of Naberezhnye Chelny
Museum of History and Military Glory of Automobile Troops
Museum of
Ecology and Nature Conservation
E. V. Fedorov Art Gallery
Museum
of memory of V. Vysotsky (hydroelectric power station)
Cultural and
educational platform "Metro"
Palaces, Houses of culture, Concert
halls
City Palace of Creativity for Children and Youth
House of
Friendship of Peoples "Rodnik"
DK "Kamaz"
DC "Energetik"
Organ
Hall
Palace of Celebrations
Monuments
One of the largest
and original monuments to V. S. Vysotsky in the country in the form of a
guitar on the square named after him.
Several other monuments,
including those executed in the style of modern art, for example, to
heroes in the form of a flying woman, to soldiers-internationalists on a
stele on a green hill, to a guardian angel in the form of a bird.
Business Center 2/18
Main Hotel Building: A 24-story cylindrical
tower in the center of the New City, visible from almost anywhere in the
city. Built since the 1980s. Construction was suspended due to financial
difficulties during the reform years. Since the mid-1990s, in
There
were various projects to complete the building - in the form of a hotel,
an office center or even the world's largest advertisement for a beer
can. The President of Tatarstan offered to sell the building "for a
ruble" to a local businesswoman on the condition of an early completion
and commissioning. However, due to the lack of demand in the city for a
large number of hotel or office rooms and the corresponding investments,
the building remained “long-term construction” until 2006, when, with
the involvement of British investors, work began on its completion and
restyling in the “hi-tech” style as City Center Hotel. In 2008 the
object was put into operation.
Naberezhnye Chelny Dolphinarium
The Naberezhnye Chelny Art Gallery was established in 1980 as a branch
of the State Museum of Fine Arts of the Republic of Tatarstan and is a
state repository of art treasures, works of fine, decorative, applied
and folk art. The main fund includes authentic monuments belonging to
the Museum of the Pushkin Museum of the Republic of Tatarstan, and since
2006 the gallery has been forming its own funds. On the basis of its
collections, the art gallery carries out research and cultural and
educational activities, the main forms of which are: exposition and
exhibition; excursion service; organization of one-time lectures,
lecture cycles, talks on fine arts; excursions to the sculptural
monuments of the city; organization of traveling exhibitions; a cycle of
literary and musical evenings; publishing activity; meetings with
artists; master classes; children's art studio.
Other
On the
Day of the Republic, August 30, a flower festival is traditionally held
on Azatlyk Square.
Sabantuy is celebrated on a grand scale every
year.
The city has cemeteries with unusual names for such places
- the Student Cemetery and the Youth Cemetery. This, however, does not
mean that the city has an increased mortality among students and young
people. The student cemetery, which is now inactive, is located near the
bus stop of the same name, named after one of the first higher
educational institutions in the city. The name of the Youth cemetery,
the only one operating in the city, comes from the temporary settlement
of builders Molodyozhny, which was previously located nearby.
Intercity transport
Naberezhnye Chelny is a major
railway, road and aviation hub, a well-known river port on Kama.
The city has a structural subdivision of the Kuibyshev railway of JSC
Russian Railways - the Kama branch of the KBSH ZhD, which provides
operational management of transportation in the Kama region
(Agryz-Akbash railway). Directly the city of Naberezhnye Chelny is
served by two railway stations.
Firstly, this is the Krugloye Pole
station with 28 station tracks for receiving and departing trains, a
freight yard for loading and unloading wagons, and a marshalling yard
for forming and disbanding trains.
Secondly, this is the
cargo-passenger station Naberezhnye Chelny. Here, the loading and
unloading of wagons delivered along the access roads to wholesale depots
and processing enterprises is carried out. On the territory of the
station, a modern combined railway and bus station was built with a
simultaneous reception of 1,500 passengers. From Naberezhnye Chelny
station, long-distance trains run directly to Moscow, Kazan, Ulyanovsk,
Izhevsk, Bugulma, Adler, Perm, Volgograd, Saratov, Krasnodar. Local
railway communication is represented by two daily flights on the route
Izhevsk - Nizhnekamsk.
In addition, the city has departmental
railway facilities owned by PJSC KAMAZ and Perm LLC Railway
Administration, capable of handling up to 1,200 wagons per day.
The railroad is not electrified. Electrification of the section Agryz -
Biklyan was carried out until 1991, was subsequently suspended and
abandoned, then, by order of the Government of the Russian Federation of
June 17, 2008 No. 877-r, it was completely canceled.
The river
port of Naberezhnye Chelny allows handling dry-cargo and passenger
vessels of the river-sea mixed navigation type. There is a berth for
processing, storage of packaged cargo and containers. Its length is 217
linear meters, design capabilities for the transportation of goods up to
112 thousand tons per navigation. The port also has a passenger river
station, where four ships can moor at the same time. The infrastructure
of the station allows serving up to 200,000 passengers per navigation.
Begishevo International Airport serves the cities and districts of the
Nizhnekamsk agglomeration and the Nizhnekamsk TPK.
Urban transport
City transport is represented by 14 tram routes
and 21 taxi routes.
In the late 1980s and early 1990s, there was
a project to organize trolleybus traffic in the city, which was
eventually rejected due to the inappropriate dispersion of resources in
the presence of a large tram system.
The Naberezhnye Chelny tram,
one of the last new tram systems in the USSR and Russia, close to the
high-speed tram, was created to provide large passenger flows between
residential areas of the city and the vast production complex of KAMAZ
and other large enterprises.
It is one of the very few tram
systems in post-Soviet Russia that increased in the 1990s and 2000s and
has plans for further development, including both the construction of
new sections in the city and the creation of an intercity high-speed
tram line to Yelabuga, the project of which was developed back in the
Soviet period. The system is serviced by LLC "Electrotransport". In
2014, a new 6-kilometer section of the tram line was put into operation
in the city, connecting the Old part of the city with the New one by the
shortest route.
By the end of the 2000s, private fixed-route
taxis practically replaced municipal buses, and in 2020 they completely
replaced them. JSC "PATP" was officially declared bankrupt in 2008.
Since 2009, a reform of the city bus service has been launched, with the
aim of replacing mini-buses of especially small and small capacity and
restoring the fleet and route network of buses. However, until now
(07/15/2012), municipal buses run only along route No. 207A. In total,
in 2012, more than 700 buses operated on city routes, most of which were
buses of medium and small capacity.
The name of the city probably goes back to an incorrect translation by the first Russian settlers of the local Tatar (Bulgar) name - Yar Chaly, which means “red” or “roan” (like a red color of a horse) shore. With the correct translation of the word "Yar", the word "chaly" was perceived as "chelny", because the main part of the settlement (now the so-called Krasnye Chelny) was then really located on a reddish clay promontory that protruded into the Kama River, resembling the bow of a boat. This is how the name "Naberezhnye Chelny" arose (according to the encyclopedic dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron, p. 116, St. Petersburg, 1898 - "Berezhnye Chelny"). The plural form serves as a means of forming a toponym (for example, Luzhniki, Gorki). The city was formed from two villages, standing side by side, but separated by the Melekesk River: Mysye Chelny and Berezhnye Chelny. In 1982 the city was renamed Brezhnev in memory of the Soviet party and state leader Leonid I. Brezhnev, but already in 1988 the original name of Naberezhnye Chelny was returned to it.
The climate
is temperate, transitional from moderately continental to
continental; rather large annual temperature amplitudes are
characteristic. The winter is long and harsh, lasting almost 5
months, the average daily temperature with a stable temperature
below 0 ° is established from the beginning of November to the end
of March. The coldest month is January. Summer is warm, the whole
calendar summer lasts from the beginning of June to the end of
August, when the average daily temperature is steadily above + 15 °,
the hottest month is July. The distribution of precipitation
throughout the year is even, with a slight increase in the summer
and autumn months. The humidity of the city is strongly influenced
by the Nizhnekamsk reservoir, due to this, the city is never too
dry. Average annual precipitation is 652 mm.
Average annual
temperature - +4.0 ° C
Average annual wind speed - 4.6 m / s
Average annual air humidity - 79%
The first settlements, as archeological excavations show, in the area
of modern Naberezhnye Chelny were founded by the tribes of the Srubnaya
culture as early as the middle of the 3rd millennium BC, in the Bronze
Age.
In modern times, the first settlement on the site of the
city was founded by Russian peasants from the nearby city of Yelabuga in
1626, Chalninsky repair (later the village of Mysovye Chelny, and since
1930 - Krasnye Chelny). The city itself grew out of the neighboring
village of Berezhny Chelny founded a little later.
By the end of
the 19th century, the village became a major center for the grain trade.
In 1914, the government of the Russian Empire began the construction of
a grain elevator, which at that time became the third largest in Russia.
On August 10, 1930, by a decree of the All-Russian Central Executive
Committee of the USSR, the village of Naberezhnye Chelny was given the
status of a city. Naberezhnye Chelny has experienced rapid growth since
the early 1970s in connection with the construction of the gigantic Kama
Automobile Plant (KAMAZ) and new housing estates for plant workers.
Every year, tens of thousands of people from all over the Soviet Union
went to the construction of the plant. The city of 35,000 previously
reached half a million in 20 years of rapid growth, with a planned
population of 350,000. The territory covered by large-scale housing
construction, which began in connection with the construction of KamAZ,
was called the New City.
In parallel with the rapid growth of
Naberezhnye Chelny and neighboring Nizhnekamsk (a petrochemical and tire
complexes were built there in 1961-1973), the Begishevo airport
(1970-1971), the Nizhnekamsk hydroelectric power station (1963-1979),
the Nizhnekamsk reservoir (1978-1979), the railway Agryz - Round Field
(1976-1982), the Tatar Nuclear Power Plant was built (1980-1990, not
completed), the Kama Tractor Plant in Yelabuga (1984-1990s).
In
1982-1988 the city was called Brezhnev (named after the former head of
the USSR L. I. Brezhnev, during whose reign the city was actually built
from scratch), after which the historical name was returned to the city.
In the post-Soviet period in the 1990s, the single-industry city
experienced stagnation due to the general decline of industry for the
country, as well as a major fire and the complete destruction of the
1993 KAMAZ engine plant. This was accompanied by rampant crime (the
level of which was quite high already in the 80s) and the rise of Tatar
nationalism.
Naberezhnye Chelny is an experiment in city building, a combination
of a linear city and microdistrict development. During the construction
of the city and KAMAZ, priority was given to the plant, the social
infrastructure of the city was supposed to be built in the future.
However, the economic instability of the 1990s and the traditional
shortcomings of micro-district development predetermined the poor
development and spontaneous development of the city by 2020.
The
combination of the city's underdevelopment and the economic problems of
the single-industry city in the 90s caused a surge of youth criminal
groups in the 90s, the manifestation of religious movements in the city,
including radical terrorist cells. The city experienced a surge in youth
crime back in the 1980s.
As of 2020, the city is a residential
area and an industrial area. The industrial zone, due to the KamgesZYAB
plant, partially separates the residential zone. There is no public
center in the city, there is a monotonous building, undeveloped
microdistricts and the priority of the development of automobile
infrastructure.
For the further development of the city, experts
consider it necessary to address the following issues:
Development of the city as the center of the Kama agglomeration
(educational center, leaving the status of a single-industry town)
Arrangement of green corridors and transformation of Kamskaya embankment
as a public part of the city
Formation of urban community centers
Transformation of large microdistricts
Changing the paradigm of "car
city" to "pedestrian city" (pedestrian communications, convenient ground
crossings, public transport)
Formation of a unique identity of the
city.
The KAMAZ football club is a factory football team founded on
November 11, 1981 at the KAMAZ Press and Frame Plant. In the 1990s, the
team played in the Major League of the Russian Championship for five
seasons. As of 2022, it participates in the FNL First Division
2021/2022.
Football club "Saturn" - a club that existed from 2001 to
2006 and took part in the championships of the city, the Republic of
Tatarstan, the championship of the MFS "Privolzhye", in the second
division of the Russian Championship.
Football club "KamAZavtotsentr"
- a club that existed from 1992 to 1995. He took part in the
championship of the Republic of Tatarstan and in the second division of
the Russian Championship. The best achievement in the championship of
Russia - 5th place in the 6th zone of the second league in 1993.
Hockey club "Chelny" - the club was founded on August 8, 2004. In 2004 -
2011, the team played in the Russian championship among the teams of the
First League of the Volga zone. Since 2012, HC Chelny has been a member
of the Major Hockey League Championship in Group B.
Volleyball club
"Dynamo" - for several years played in the Major League B - the Russian
Championship in volleyball among men's teams. Since 2012, due to
financial difficulties, the club was forced to continue playing in the
First League of the Russian Championship.
Motorcycle club "Saturn" is
the only motorcycle club in Tatarstan. Existed from the late 1970s to
the mid-2000s. In 1989 he became the champion of the first league of the
union championship, in 1996 - the champion of Russia.
KAMAZ-Master is
a rally team associated with the KAMAZ automobile plant. KAMAZ-Master
crews won the Dakar Rally (formerly Paris-Dakar) 19 times. During the
last decade of the 20th century, the KAMAZ-Master team won 42 first
places, 12 second places and 7 third places. During this period,
athletes took part in the Russian Championships, the Russian Cup and the
World Cup.
Athletic facilities
Stadium "KAMAZ"
Stadium
"Builder"
Ice Sports Palace
Ice Palace "KAMAZ"
Sports and
recreation complex "United Russia"
Sports complex "Olympic"
Sports
complex "Yar Chally"
Sports complex "Vityaz"
Sports complex
"Avtozavodets"
Sports complex "Komsomolets"
Pool "Dolphin"
Pool
"Dulkyn"
Swimming pool "Albatross"
Pool "Jubilee"
Ski base
"Snezhok"
Ski complex "Fedotovo"
Oleg Kukharenko karting track
Motordrome in ZYAB village
Hippodrome
Extreme Park in the park
"Grenada"
The Central Chess and Checkers Club "KAMAZ" is the first
sports facility in the country built according to the project of a chess
club. (Recognized as the best club in the country (1988, 1989, 1990 and
1997), was awarded the third chess club in the world (2007).)
Major sports competitions
XIV European Traditional Fudokan Karate-do
Championship 2007
1st USSR Championship among chess clubs (1988)
International Matches "EURO-ASIA - TATARSTAN" (2007, 2008, 2009, 2010)
International football tournament for the Cup of the President of the
Republic of Tatarstan (1995)
R. K. Belyaev Memorial (International
tournament with the norm of an international grandmaster) 16 tournaments
were held (1996-2014)
Memorial of N. I. Mukhamedzyanov (International
tournament with the norm of the international master) 7 tournaments were
held (2003-2010)
International Children's Chess Tournament
"Avtodorstroy" 10 tournaments were held (2001-2010)
Master class of
the 12th world chess champion Anatoly Evgenyevich Karpov (August 2-3,
2010)
World championship match Daniel Hadorn (Switzerland) - Sergey
Salov (USSR, Naberezhnye Chelny) among IKSK (1991)
International
Dancesport Tournament "AKIBANK Cup" (2011)
European Chess
Championship among school teams under the auspices of ISCU (August 1-10,
2012)
Chess princesses in Naberezhnye Chelny-Tournament of world
champions among girls under 14 (2013, 2014)
Stage of the Russian
Chess Cup among women with the participation of the strongest chess
players of the country (August 2-10, 2017)
Based on the results of the implementation of all projects, as of
December 2019, over 5,000 jobs were created in Naberezhnye Chelny, and
14.9 billion rubles were attracted. investment. The total amount of
funds from the Monocities Development Fund for the city of Naberezhnye
Chelny amounted to 2.3 billion rubles.
Naberezhnye Chelny is a
large industrial center on the Kama. The main industries are mechanical
engineering, electric power industry, construction industry, food and
processing industry. The key (town-forming) enterprise of the city is
the Kama Automobile Plant, which accounts for almost three-quarters of
the industrial output produced in Chelny. Naberezhnye Chelny is a
single-industry city and is included in the list of cities with a
difficult socio-economic situation.
Naberezhnye Chelny Cardboard
and Paper Mill is the only paper manufacturer in Tatarstan. Naberezhnye
Chelny is historically one of the largest centers of the food industry.
The Naberezhnye Chelny Meat Processing Plant and the Naberezhnye Chelny
Dairy Plant are located in the industrial zone of the city, and the
products of the Tukaevskaya poultry farm and the cold storage plant are
exported outside the city and the republic.
The energy industry
is represented by the Naberezhnye Chelny Thermal Power Plant and the
Nizhnekamsk Hydroelectric Power Plant, as well as organizations
servicing thermal, electrical and engineering communications. The volume
of shipped goods of own production in 2010 was 14.6 billion rubles.
On January 28, 2016, by decree of the Prime Minister of Russia
Dmitry Medvedev, the city was assigned the status of TASED.