Neryungri (Evenk. Nyirungra, Yakut. Nүөrүҥgүrү) is a city, the center of the Neryungri region of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) of the Russian Federation, forms an urban settlement, the city of Neryungri. The second largest city in Yakutia.
The name comes from the Evenk Nyirungra, which translates as "Grayling River" or "River of a Thousand Graylings".
It is located in the
Far Eastern Federal District at the same latitude as Moscow, on the
right bank of the Chulman River, 70 km from its confluence with the
Timpton River, 820 km along the Lena highway from Yakutsk. Railway
station of the Far Eastern Railway.
Located on the northern
spurs of the Stanovoy Range, with absolute heights of 800-850 m.
Neryungri is surrounded by the South Yakutsk mid-mountain taiga.
The relief of city streets is extremely rugged - the city is built
on the slopes and flat tops of the mountains of the spurs of the
Stanovoy Range. However, some of its parts are in the lowlands. For
example, the Neryungri-passenger railway station is located in the
valley of the Ammunakta river, the old city (industrial area) - in
the valleys of the Chulman, Upper and Lower Neryungri, and Maly
Berkakit rivers. However, the main, central part of the city is
located on the hills.
Average annual temperature -
-6.9 C °
Average annual wind speed - 2.6 m / s
Average annual
air humidity - 73%
Neryungri originally
represented a settlement of tents, beams and panel dormitories,
which gradually grew into a modern city with blocks of multi-storey
buildings with the entire social and cultural complex.
The
history of the emergence of Neryungri is associated with the
development of the wealth of South Yakutia. The first information
about this territory was obtained by Russian explorers Vasily
Poyarkov (1643) and Erofei Khabarov (1667). They went from Yakutsk,
located on the Lena, along the southern Yakut rivers to the Amur and
the Far East. Since the beginning of the 19th century, this region
has been actively explored by expeditions organized by the Russian
Academy of Sciences, the Geographical Society and the Ministry of
Railways. The industrial development of the area began in 1891-1892.
Then, in the upper reaches of the Timpton, Sutam rivers and their
tributaries, there were up to 80 mines, and up to 3.5 thousand
prospectors lived there seasonally. Local residents - Evenki -
worked as guides, were engaged in the transportation of goods. The
name Neryungri is deciphered by means of the Evenk language as
“river of grayling”.
In the 1940s, it was the site of a
geological exploration party. In 1952, the Neryungri exploration
party was created, tents appeared at the mouth of the Neryungri
River, the first housing of the future village of Neryungra. In
September 1963, the first stripping was carried out on the eastern
section of the Powerful seam, and by the end of 1967 the first coal
ladle was raised. The beginning of the construction of the northern
branch of the BAM (BAM Tynda-Berkakit line) and the formation of the
South Yakutsk territorial-production complex in 1975 opened a new
page in the history of Neryungri. On November 5, 1975 it was
transformed into a city.
Neryungri was designed according to
generally accepted standards in the USSR and, nevertheless, has a
bright personality. The mountainous landscape made construction
difficult, but it also suggested original spatial solutions that
distinguish the city from many northern cities, and the facades of
houses, balconies and loggias painted in bright colors, and small
architectural forms give a special flavor. According to the results
of the All-Russian competition for the best landscaping in 1997,
1998, 1999, 2002, 2005, the city of Neryungri was awarded diplomas.
The commissioning of residential buildings in the city began in 1976
and over 30 years 1.3 million square meters were commissioned. m.,
as of January 1, 2005, there were 12 secondary schools, 17
kindergartens.
Neryungri was included in the list of five
Russian cities to receive an early loan from the International Bank
for Reconstruction and Development for the introduction of new
technologies in public utilities.
In November 2007, the
townspeople wrote a "Letter of Love", which is declared in the
Russian Book of Records.
The status and boundaries of an urban settlement are established by the Law of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) dated November 30, 2004 N 173-З N 353-III "On the establishment of boundaries and on granting the status of urban and rural settlements to municipalities of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)".
The first coat of arms of the city was approved in 1984: a coal seam,
a dump truck, a trolley, hitching posts and a gear above them are
depicted on the heraldic shield; on the plate of the coat of arms is the
inscription Neryungri.
There were several projects of the emblem
of the city in the icon version. On one of them: A four-part shield. The
first part depicts a BelAZ dump truck, the second part shows a spruce,
the third part shows a deer, and the fourth part shows a trolley. On the
plate of the draft coat of arms there is an inscription "Neryungri".
The second draft of the Neryungri coat of arms (according to the
badge of the so-called "Yakut series") had the following description: in
an azure field with a black tip against the background of four green
mountains, two silver hitching posts, accompanied at the top by a silver
gear open from below, on the right - a black trolley, on the left -
silver dump truck. In the azure head there is a silver running reindeer,
accompanied on the sides by the same snowflakes.
Neryungri district has a sustainable potential for further socio-economic growth. The federal highway "Lena", the railroad Berkakit - Tommot - Yakutsk pass through the territory of the district. The largest investment project "Integrated Development of South Yakutia" is being implemented on the principles of public-private partnership. In the future, the Neryungri district may become the center of economic activity of the East Siberian region, specializing in coal mining and, in the medium term, manufacturing, as the corresponding capacities develop. The former head of Yakutia, Yegor Borisov, noted that on the territory of the Neryungri district there will be a TOP - a territory of advanced development. New industries will be created here, which means there will be new jobs. South Yakutia rightfully deserves to become the first advanced development area (TDA) in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).
Most of the city's population is employed in the main and auxiliary
industries of the territorial production complex for the extraction of
coking coal. However, the city belongs to the category of
multifunctional.
The city has a coal mine, the Neryungrinskaya
processing plant for the production of coking coal concentrate, the
Inaglinsky and Denisovsky GOKs, Kolmar-OGR, a plant for the repair of
mining equipment and road equipment (RMZ), the Neryungrinskaya poultry
farm, the Neryungri State District Power Plant, and two printing houses.
The house-building plant and the dairy were closed at the beginning of
perestroika.
Transportation near Neryungri is quite good. The city stands on the
Amur-Yakutsk railway line, and the Amur-Yakutsk highway also passes
through it. Railway stations - "Neryungri-Passenger", "Neryungri-cargo"
and "Coal". The city's airport is located near the village of Chulman,
35 km from Neryungri.
Neryungri is included in the country's
railway network. Station Neryungri-passenger is the terminal station of
the Far Eastern Railway (Tynda branch). To the north along the AYAM,
Neryungri is connected by rail with the cities of Aldan and Tommot. From
Neryungri station run:
Train No. 325 Neryungri - Khabarovsk,
passenger, daily;
Train No. 77/78 Neryungri - Novosibirsk, fast,
every other day; additionally VBS to Barnaul and Biysk;
Train No.
657/658 Neryungri - Tynda, working, daily;
Train No. 324/323
Neryungri - Tommot, local, daily;
Train number 75/76 Neryungri -
Moscow, fast, every other day;
Several direct cars to train No. 97/98
Tynda - Kislovodsk, fast, twice a week;
Direct carriage to train No.
81/82 Tynda - Blagoveshchensk (runs from Tommot), fast, every other day;
Train 324Y Neryungri - Nizhny Bestyakh, passenger, every other day.
From Neryungri air flights are carried out in the following directions:
Neryungri - Moscow, Neryungri - Irkutsk, Neryungri - Krasnoyarsk,
Neryungri - Novosibirsk, Neryungri - Khabarovsk, Neryungri - Yakutsk.
Suburban bus service: Iyengra, Berkakit, Khatimi, Chulman,
Serebryany Bor, etc. Previously, there was intercity bus service with
Aldan and even Yakutsk.
In Neryungri there are branches of the Novosibirsk Institute
"Sibgiproshakht", the Institute of Professional Innovations and the
Technical Institute (branch) of the North-Eastern Federal
University[34]. There are vocational schools, a gymnasium, general
education, sports (DYUSSH martial arts "Erel"), music and art schools.
Healthcare institutions - hospitals, clinics, republican
rehabilitation centers that work according to the methods of IVAG and
the Institute of Conductive Pedagogy named after A.I. Pete (Budapest).
There is the A. S. Pushkin Center for Culture and Spirituality, the
House of Pioneers, the Museum of the History of the Construction of the
South Yakut Territorial Production Complex, the Neryungri City Library,
and Orthodox churches.
In Neryungri there is the only Actor and
Puppet Theater in the region of Eastern Siberia and the Far East. There
is a children's musical choir school "Solovushka" - a laureate of
international, regional and republican competitions and festivals, an
ensemble "Severyanochka" - a laureate of festivals in Greece, Brazil,
Portugal and Spain.
On the territory of the city there is one of
the largest indoor stadium "Gornyak" in the Far East, sports complexes
"Shakhter" and "Bogatyr", there is an indoor skating rink, a ski base.
The climate and snow in the city attracts many athletes. In total, there
are 143 sports facilities in the Neryungri district: gyms and swimming
pools, a ski base and an indoor skating rink, a ski slope and tennis
courts, which allow holding top-level competitions in various sports.