Novomoskovsk (until 1933 - Bobriki, from 1933 to 1961 -
Stalinogorsk) is a city in the Tula region of Russia, the center of
the Novomoskovsk district and the corresponding municipality, the
city of Novomoskovsk.
Population - 122 306 people. (2020).
The area of the city without adjacent rural areas is 74.7 km².
The city was founded in 1930 in connection with the beginning of
the construction of the largest chemical plant in the USSR. Located
in the northern part of the Central Russian Upland. It is a large
economic and industrial center of the Tula region, one of the cores
of the polycentric Tula-Novomoskovsk agglomeration.
In the central part of the city there is a park area called "Children's Park", which includes a cascade of artificial swimming pools. On its territory there is the Novomoskovsk children's railway - one of two on the Moscow railway, as well as the architectural complex "Istok Dona".
The source of the Don is located in the northern part of the Central Russian Upland, at an altitude of about 180 m above sea level within the city of Novomoskovsk. It is officially accepted that the source of the Don is a stream in the children's park, where the architectural complex “Source of the Don” was installed, which symbolizes the confluence of the Don and Shat rivers.
A square of military glory with three memorial complexes: the Great
Patriotic War, the memory of those who fell in the line of duty in hot
spots, the Walk of Fame for the feat of the liquidators of the Chernobyl
accident.
Holy Dormition Monastery, where the relics of the Holy
Matrona of Moscow are kept.
Rotunda on Komsomolskaya street.
Near
the city there is the largest and deepest reservoir in the Tula region,
the Pronsky reservoir and the Gremyachevsky karst caves.
In August
1997, the Klinsky Spring environmental protection zone was created. Many
people consider Klin spring water to be holy and healing. The Klin
spring flows into the Don.
The central part of the city is characterized by a strict arrangement
of streets running relative to each other at right angles according to
the original development plan. The city center is Sovetskaya Square.
Facing the square is the building of the Moscow Region Coal Research
Institute. Next to it is a large four-story building with columns, which
houses the municipal assembly and the administration of the city and
district. The main street of the city, Komsomolskaya, runs through the
square. A little to the east it is crossed by Moskovskaya Street, the
widest in the city. Together, these two streets set the direction from
the center and are a kind of “face” of the city.
The central area
combines pre-war, post-war and modern architecture. Among the pre-war
buildings, houses with arches, buildings in the constructivist style,
for example, the building of the Pobeda cinema on the central square of
the city, or a high-rise building with a colonnade on the street, stand
out. Moscow. Famous architects, the Vesnin brothers, took part in the
implementation of the construction plan.
During the Great
Patriotic War the city was severely destroyed. German prisoners of war
took part in the restoration of the city. Post-war buildings, in
particular, include the building of the drama theater, the building of
the city committee (now the city administration), two-story residential
buildings built in the post-war years.
The streets are decorated
with many green spaces.
By car
Near the city there are highways M4 E115 "Don", P132 Kaluga
- Tula - Mikhailov - Ryazan, P140 Tula - Novomoskovsk
By bus
From Moscow - from the Krasnogrvardeyskaya bus station. - from
Domodedovo station.
City public transport is represented by city electric trains, buses and minibuses.
The shops
Hypermarket "Line"
Hypermarket "Magnit"
Shopping centers
Passage
First
Markets
Central Market
Urvansky market
Novomoskovsk is not a tourist city, so it has only two hotels.
Hotel "October"
Hotel "Russia"
Novomoskovsk arose as the estate of
the noble family of illegitimate descendants of Count Orlov and
Empress Catherine II Bobrinsky - Bobrika. In 1765, the village of
Bobriki, together with the village of Bogoroditsky (now the city of
Bogoroditsk), formed Catherine II's own volost. Administratively,
Bobriki were part of the Epifan district of the Tula province.
The city was founded in 1930 as the city of Bobriki, Uzlovsky
district, Moscow region. It owes its appearance to the construction
of the chemical giant NPO Azot (now NAK Azot), as well as the
development of a coal basin near Moscow. A little later,
Stalinogorsk became the center of the territorial region Mosbass as
part of the Moscow region.
Since December 27, 1933, the city
was called Stalinogorsk (in honor of the secretary of the Central
Committee of the CPSU (b) I.V. Stalin).
In 1930-1935, the
number of settlements in Stalinogorsk and its environs increased
tenfold - people came from all over the country to build the city.
In 1935, a palace of culture for chemists was opened and a
medical school (now the Novomoskovsk Medical School) began to
operate. In 1938, the Stalinogorsk Drama Theater was opened and the
construction of the city stadium began.
The city was badly
damaged during the Great Patriotic War, although it was occupied for
only 17 days (from November 25 to December 12, 1941). During the
period of temporary occupation, an underground organization "Death
to Fascism!" Was created in Stalinogorsk; small partisan groups
operated in the city and region. The main role in the liberation of
Stalinogorsk was played by the 1st Guards Cavalry Corps (Lieutenant
General P. A. Belov). Together with the corps, the 112th Tank and
31st Mixed Aviation Divisions, the 9th Tank Brigade, the 15th Guards
Rocket Mortar Regiment, the 1313th Infantry Regiment of the 173rd
Militia Division and other units took part in the offensive. During
the years of the Great Patriotic War, 7668 Stalinogorsk citizens
were killed.
In 1957, the entire Mosbass, including its
center, went to the Tula region.
In 1958, the city became the
center of the Stalinogorsk region, formed from the territory
subordinated to the Stalinogorsk city council, and the abolished
Gremyachevsky region.
In 1961, the city received its modern
name Novomoskovsk. Development in the second half of the 20th
century is associated primarily with the opening of new industries
(primarily chemical), the construction of new microdistricts:
Zalesny, Urvansky, Zapadny. Actually, the city got its modern name
precisely because of the grandiose volumes of construction,
comparable at that time only with those in Moscow.
In 1971
the city was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor.
On
January 22, 1977, riots take place in the city - a crowd of 500
people gathered near the bullpen. It became known that the police
officers used assault and other rough actions against the detained
minors. Outraged residents nearly destroyed the bullpen. Six of them
were prosecuted.
In 2007, Novomoskovsk won the Golden Ruble
competition as the most economically developed among large cities.
On June 29, 2008, a referendum was held in Novomoskovsk and the
region to change the status to an urban district. More than 60% of
residents of the city and surrounding settlements took part in the
voting, more than 90% voted for the unification of the district into
the city. By the decision of the Tula Regional Duma of July 8, 2008,
the urban settlement of the city of Novomoskovsk was separated from
the Novomoskovsk municipal district and transformed into the
municipal formation of the city of Novomoskovsk (urban district).
After the elections on October 12, 2008, the remaining 3 rural
settlements of the abolished Novomoskovsk district were added to the
newly formed urban district: Gremyachevskoe, Riga-Vasilievskoe and
Spasskoe. The city of Sokolniki was annexed to the city of
Novomoskovsk as a microdistrict by the decision of the Tula Regional
Duma of October 24, 2008.
On April 2, 2009, a scandal erupted
in the city connected with the arrest of the head of the city N. N.
Minakov and the head of the city administration I. M. Potapov. Both
are suspected of committing an offense under Article 286, Part 2
(abuse of office). The new head of the city was elected chief
physician of the Novomoskovsk maternity hospital E.A.Kozina. The
duties of the head of the city administration are performed by
V.A.Zherzdev.
In 2009, rural settlements of the settlement of
Mirny, Shakhty No. 35 and Shakhty No. 38 from the part of
Novomoskovsk were formed and transferred to the subordination of the
Novomoskovsk district.
On June 27, 2013, the Tula Regional
Duma granted the petition for awarding Novomoskovsk the honorary
title "City of Labor Glory". In the fall of 2013, Anatoly
Evgenievich Prorokov was elected the head of the city.
Novomoskovsk has its own symbols: coat of arms (since 1999), flag
(since 2002) and anthem (words by V.V.Kireev, music by S.A.
Igolnitsyn). The exact description of the coat of arms reads: “In
the worms at the top there is a golden hammer on top of two silver
pickaxes in a cross, below - gold amphorae lying on three green
hills indirectly overturned towards each other, from which silver
streams pour out crosswise. The shield may be surrounded by a ribbon
of the Order of the Red Banner of Labor ”.
The ribbon of the
Order of the Red Banner of Labor on the coat of arms is connected
with the fact that in 1971 the city was awarded this award.
According to the idea of the author of the coat of arms, Honored
Artist of the Russian Federation M.K.Shelkovenko, the hammer
symbolizes a developed industry, picks - the mining industry, three
green hills - the Central Russian Upland, and amphoras - the Don and
Shat rivers.
It is interesting that the working projects of
the coat of arms contained an image of a beaver, which is associated
with the former name of the city - Bobriki and the noble surname of
the Bobrinsky.
City Day is celebrated on the last Saturday of May, the day before Chemist's Day. Traditionally, the celebration includes sports events, a festive parade of the city's collectives and an evening concert at the Khimik stadium, ending with fireworks.
The city was founded in 1930 on the site of the village of Bobriki in connection with the start of construction of the largest chemical plant in the USSR. The name of the village is based on its location on the Bobrik stream, and the hydronym is based on the habitat of the beaver animal in this stream. In December 1933, the city was renamed Stalinogorsk, and in 1961 - Novomoskovsk; the latter name is associated with the city’s position in the Moscow region coal basin.
The city is located at an altitude of 236 meters above sea level,
between the Don and Shat rivers, 220 kilometers south of Moscow and 60
kilometers southeast of the regional center of Tula. Within the
boundaries of Novomoskovsk is the source of the Don River. In close
proximity to Novomoskovsk there are the cities of Donskoy (in the south
and southeast) and Uzlovaya (in the southwest).
The area of the
city without adjacent rural areas is 76 km². The urban district covers
an area of 888 km². On the territory of the urban district there are two
large reservoirs - Shatskoye and Pronskoye, which were built to supply
water to large enterprises, as well as Lyubovskoye - a cooling reservoir
for the Novomoskovskaya State District Power Plant, which is used for
fishing needs.
The city of Novomoskovsk, like the entire Tula region, is located in a time zone designated by international standard as the Moscow Time Zone (MSK). The offset relative to UTC is +3:00.
The climate is moderate continental. Summer is quite warm, the average temperature in July is about +18 °C. Winter is moderately cold, the average temperature in January is between −9…−10 °C. The annual precipitation is about 600 mm, of which 36% falls in summer, 26% in autumn, 20% in winter, and 18% in spring. The main wind directions are southern, western and southwestern.
The relief of the Central Russian Upland, on which Novomoskovsk is located, is erosive in nature - ravine-beam-valley, with a density of dissection up to 1.3-1.7 m per 1 km² and a depth of 50 m to 100-150 m, in some places karst is developed. Forest-steppe and steppe predominate. The territory of the region is heavily plowed under agricultural land.
The forest fund of the Novomoskovsky district makes up only 5% of the
total area of the territory, and is represented by separate tracts
remaining from the once powerful tracts - Kryukovsky forest, Urvansky
forest, etc., where broad-leaved tree species grow: maple, linden, ash,
occasionally oak, as well as aspen, birch. All forest plantations are
artificial. Larch trees are also planted in the parks located in the
central part of the city - Birch Grove and Children's Park. Poplars were
used for landscaping streets and courtyards. In 2005, the poplars were
cut down. Also on the territory of Novomoskovsk there is a so-called
“Adult Park” in which mainly deciduous trees are planted.
Each
resident has up to 300 m² of green space, which significantly exceeds
this urban planning requirement.
The soils of the urban district
are predominantly represented by medium-deep chernozems.
Novomoskovsk traditionally has an acute environmental situation due
to emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere by the city's
chemical industry enterprises.
In 1986, the territory of the city
and district, like a number of other territories of the Tula region
(mainly in the strip south of Tula from west to east of the region),
suffered serious radioactive contamination as a result of the disaster
at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. The city belongs to territories
with preferential socio-economic status.