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Noyabrsk is the largest city in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia, located in the center of the West Siberian oil fields, on the Tyumen-Novy Urengoy railway, about 300 kilometers north of Surgut. Population: 110 620 people.
Mosquito Monument.
Monument to polar
bears (near the railway station Noyabrsk-2).
By plane
Arrival in Noyabrsk is possible by air. UTair airline
flies from Moscow to Noyabrsk. On average 2 flights per day. The airport
is located near the city. A taxi ride from the airport to the center
costs around 250 rubles. as of July 2014.
Noyabrsk Airport.
By train
There are two railway stations in the city. Noyabrsk-1
and Noyabrsk-2. It is most convenient to depart from Noyabrsk-2,
adjacent to the residential area. Quite a lot of trains passing north
and south.
The name of the city comes from the name of the month of November, since the first landing of railway builders arrived at the site of the future city in early November 1976, shortly before the anniversary of the October Revolution. They also wanted to name the settlement by one of the nearby lakes - Khanto, however, "socialist thinking" still prevailed.
Noyabrsk is located in the zone of moderate continental climate
(according to Alisov's classification) or in the Dfc zone according
to Köppen. The number of sunny days in Noyabrsk ranges from 230-250
days, and the total amount of precipitation does not exceed 650 mm
per year.
Winters are long frosty with cold winds, usually
from mid-October to mid-April. The coldest month is January.
February is the driest month, but snowstorms are typical for it.
Spring is cold and short, usually from mid-April to early June.
Summers are warm and short, often in June and July the air can
warm up to +30 ° C. The warmest month is July. Rainy weather is
typical for August. Summer, as a rule, lasts until the end of
August, but often in the first days of September there is an "Indian
summer".
Autumn is cold and fleeting. Leaf fall usually ends
by the end of September, and by mid-October snow cover is
established and freeze-up is observed.
The
flora of the city and surrounding areas is characterized by pines,
spruce, larch, birch, aspen, willow, taiga herbs, berries.
Noyabrsk is quite well landscaped. The city has a Children's Park,
the forest of which stands out strongly from the surrounding urban
landscape.
The fauna of the city is
characterized by squirrels (common and chipmunks) living in the
Children's Park, birds: sparrows, woodpeckers (sharp-winged and
variegated), ravens, gray crows, magpies, walnuts, nuthatches,
pigeons, small rodents (gray, red and red-gray voles). You can often
find tits, waxwings, bullfinches, in summer you can often see
chaleys, herring gulls, white wagtails, and owls. Sometimes you can
see snowy and short-eared owls, polar sparrows, cuckoos, partridges.
Near the city, people often meet with brown bears, foxes,
wolves, arctic foxes, deer, elks, vipers.
The
ecological situation in the city itself is acceptable, but the state
of Lake Hanto is of serious concern.
The ecological state of
the surrounding territories is constantly changing: household waste
accumulates in the forests, oil and gas enterprises affect the state
of the atmosphere and forests, but efforts are being made to improve
the ecological situation.
The emergence of the
village
The emergence of the settlement is associated with the
development of oil and gas fields in the south of the Yamalo-Nenets
Autonomous Okrug and the north of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous
Okrug. Exploration drilling in the November region began back in
1968, when the Vyngapurovskoye and Vyngayakhinskoye fields were
discovered. In 1973, the Kholmogorskoye field was explored, however,
due to the lack of access roads until the end of 1975, drilling on
it was temporarily stopped. In 1975, the Karamovskoye and
Sutorminskoye fields were discovered, and in 1976 - the New Year. In
March 1975, the first helicopter assault landed on the ice of the
Ituyakha River to begin industrial development of the Kholmogorskoye
field, and on November 5, 1975, at a temperature of -52 ° C degrees,
a gush of waterless oil was obtained at the first production well
No. 403, this day is considered the date foundation of the future
city.
In January 1976, the settlement of Noyabrsky was marked
on the maps of the designers, and in November of the same year, a
labor force of the mechanized column No. 15 of the
Uralstroymekhanizatsiya trust arrived at the site of the future
settlement from Ult-Yagun. The construction of the Noyabrskaya
railway station, located on the 204th km of the projected
Surgut-Urengoy line, an airfield and a station settlement, was
launched. The station settlement Noyabrsky and the Noyabrsky village
council were registered by the Tyumen regional executive committee
on October 26, 1977. In the same year, the formation of the village
infrastructure began: the Council of People's Deputies was formed,
the first school was opened. In August 1977, the population of the
village was 1523 people. At the beginning of 1978, there were eight
streets in Noyabrskoye, a post office, a first-aid post, and two
shops worked. On May 20, 1978, the first train from Kogalym arrived
at the Noyabrskaya station. At the end of 1978, the operation of the
Vyngapurovsky gas field began and the runway near the station
settlement was put into operation. Air traffic connected Noyabrsky
with Surgut and Tarko-Sale. However, on August 30, 1978, the Tyumen
Regional Executive Committee decided to postpone the construction of
the future city to the Hanto junction area on the 213 km of the
Surgut-Urengoy railway. In 1979, traffic was opened on the Surgut -
Pelei section.
In 1979, Noyabrsky was renamed Noyabrsk in connection with
obtaining the status of a working village, in the same year the
first outpatient clinic and the first music school began to work.
Improvement of the village and infrastructure development continued.
At the beginning of 1981, the first major five-story residential
building was built, at the base of the foundation of which was laid
a capsule with a message to the Komsomol of the XXI century, by the
end of the year there were already more than 40 thousand square
meters of housing in the village, including 5 capital five-storey
residential buildings. The population of the village at the end of
1981 was more than 23 thousand people.
Formation of the city
On April 28, 1982, by a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme
Soviet of the RSFSR, the working village of Noyabrsk, Purovsky
district, was transformed into the city of Noyabrsk of district
subordination, in the same year the city department of public
education was formed and the first cultural center "Dnepr" was
opened. On January 1, 1983, the first issue of the city newspaper
"Severnaya Vakhta" was published. On November 3, 1983, the An-24
aircraft from Surgut made its first passenger flight to the new
airport of Noyabrsk. On January 6, 1984, the first issue of the
newspaper "Slovo neftynika" was published, and on April 24, the
Museum of Labor Glory was opened. The population by the end of the
year was more than 55 thousand people. On May 9, 1985, a memorial to
the Great Patriotic War was opened in a solemn atmosphere, in the
same year the first greenhouse was built and a wedding salon was
opened. In 1985, oil production in the November region amounted to
15 942 thousand tons. In 1986, gas workers in November produced a
billion blue fuel. In April 1987, on the occasion of the fifth
anniversary of Noyabrsk's city status, the City Day was celebrated
for the first time. In 1988, a second music school was opened in the
city. On January 31, 1989, the first private enterprise was
established - the Agoy brewery, and on March 22 the first coat of
arms of the city was approved. In 1989, Noyabrskneftegaz produced a
record 41,170 thousand tons of oil. In January 1990, the Ozerny
sanatorium-preventorium was opened on the bank of the Khanto, and on
September 5, the November Oil Technical School was organized. In the
spring of 1991, a site was chosen for the construction of the Temple
of the Archangel of God Michael, and on August 6-7 of the same year,
President of the RSFSR Boris N. Yeltsin visited Noyabrsk.
Modernity
On June 23-24, 1992, Deputy Prime Minister of the
Russian Government V.S.Chernomyrdin visited Noyabrsk. On April 28,
1991, the November Information Agency "Mig" was created. On March
30, 1997, the first meeting of the November City Duma was held, in
the same year the Children's Park was opened.
On December 16,
2004, the Vyngapurovsky settlement was included in the city.
On September 2, 2012, in honor of the City Day and the Day of Oil
and Gas Industry Workers, a show of the aerobatic team "Russian
Knights" took place in the skies over Noyabrsk. On February 28,
2014, the city hosted the 2014 Winter Paralympic Torch Relay.