Primorsk (until 1946 Fischhausen, German. Fischhausen, Polish. Rybaki, lit. vinuvininkai) is a city in the Baltic municipal district of the Kaliningrad region of Russia (from 2005–2008, an urban-type settlement). Population - 1960 people. (2017).
German period (until 1945)
Founded in 1268. On April 7, 1299,
the Bishop of Zemland, Siegfried von Regenstein, concluded an
agreement with four immigrants from Stralsund, who undertook to
establish a city near Schonevik Castle.
Until 1436 the city
was called Bischofshausen. Bischofshausen received city rights in
1305.
In 1526, Duke Albrecht married the Danish princess
Dorothea in the castle chapel. In Fischhausen's castle in 1618, his
son, the feeble-minded duke Albert Friedrich, died. As a result,
Johann Sigismund united Prussia with Brandenburg.
Fischhausen
has been the county seat since 1818. It had a coat of arms: a shield
on which the episcopal crook crosses with the sword of an order
knight (Zemland coat of arms), under them there was a fish head up.
In 1782, 1110 people lived in the city, in 1880 - 2562, in 1910
- 2613, in 1939 - 3879.
Soviet period (until 1991)
Since
1945, part of the USSR. In 1947 it was renamed to Primorsk, the new
name was given due to its location on the shore of the Kaliningrad
Bay. In 1946-1963, it was part of the Primorsky District (with the
center in the city of Zelenogradsk) and the Zelenogradsky District.
In 1963, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, by
its decree, transferred the city of Primorsk to the subordination of
the Svetlovsky City Council.
In 1953, the City Council of
Working People's Deputies was formed in Primorsk. Since 1977, it
became known as the Council of People's Deputies and existed until
1994. Executive power in the city was exercised by the Executive
Committee of the City Council. The chairmen of the executive
committee were:
A. P. Zateev (1953-1957),
I. V. Karpov
(1957-1959),
P. T. Nozdrin (1959-1960),
F. N. Bykov
(1960-1965),
E. P. Kozhevnikova (1965-1981),
L. M. Medvedev
(1981-1985) and
G. N. Grigorenko (1985-1994).
Russian
period (since 1992)
With the formation of the district, a city
administration appeared in Primorsk, headed by G. N. Grigorenko
(1994–2001) and A. N. Mamaev (2001–2005).
In 1994, the
regional authorities decided to form the Baltic urban district and
included the city of Primorsk into its structure. Until 2005, it had
the status of a city, but, due to a decrease in the population, it
was again transformed into an urban-type settlement as part of the
Baltic urban district.
On July 3, 2008, the law of the
Kaliningrad region No. 274 was adopted on the transformation of the
Baltic city district into a municipal district and the creation of
three municipalities on its territory, including the Primorsky urban
settlement. At the same time, the status of a city was returned to
Primorsk.
By the Law of the Kalingrad Region dated May 31,
2018 No. 176 “On the merger of settlements that are part of the
municipal formation “Baltic Municipal District” and the organization
of local self-government in the united territory”, the urban
settlement was abolished with the transformation of the municipal
district into an urban district.
The city is located on the coast of the Kaliningrad Bay of the Baltic Sea, 37 km from Kaliningrad. Primorsk-Novy railway station on the Baltiysk-Kaliningrad line. The Primorskaya River flows through Primorsk.
The climate of the city is transitional to the sea. Winters are
shorter and milder, and summers are cooler than in mainland areas. A
fairly large amount of precipitation falls during the year. The weather
is relatively windy. The warmest month is July. Spring is long, March
and April are usually cool, and May is warm.
The average annual
temperature is +7.6 C°
The average annual wind speed is 2.6 m/s
Average annual air humidity - 79%
educational institutions
MBOUSOSH No. 8. Address: 238510 Baltic
city district, Primorsk, Zheleznodorozhnaya street, 2a. Director -
Tsigas Elena Alexandrovna.
cultural institutions
In 1997, the
Museum of the History of the City of Primorsk (Fischhausen) was opened,
which is located in the House of Culture. Also in the Palace of Culture
of Primorsk on the ground floor there is a City Library. Address:
238510, Kaliningrad region, Primorsk of the Baltic GO, st.
Zheleznodorozhnaya, 8. tel. 8-40145-68535.
Children's art school.
Address: 238510 Baltic city district, Primorsk, st. Zheleznodorozhnaya,
10. Year of foundation: 1995. Director: Makhmudova Asiya Salim kyzy.
Primorsk-Novy railway station (as of 2018, status downgraded to a
stopping point) on the Baltiysk-Kaliningrad line. Previously, it was
also connected by a railway line with Svetlogorsk through Yantarny
(dismantled). This road was built in the German period.
Highways
A-193 Kaliningrad - Baltiysk and A-192 Baltiysk - Svetlogorsk pass
through Primorsk.
In the vicinity are the ruins of the Fischhausen castle of 1268, as
well as the German military cemetery of soldiers who died during the 1st
World War, and the burial place of Soviet soldiers who died during the
Great Patriotic War during the capture of the city of Fischhausen in
April 1945. From afar you can see the German-built observation tower
dominating the village - one of the most remarkable old structures.
Objects of cultural heritage of regional significance:
Villa
Porr, early 20th century.
Local value:
Memorial complex on the
mass grave of Soviet soldiers who died during the capture of the city of
Fischhausen in April 1945;
Ruins of the Fischhausen castle from 1268;
A monument of landscape architecture, Primorsky Park in the city of
Primorsk.
In 2008, elections were held for the City Council of Deputies, and
now the head of the city is the Chairman of the Council of Deputies.
Military presence
Military units of the Baltic Fleet of the
Russian Navy are stationed in the city, such as: a ship basing point, a
separate marine engineering battalion and a communications base.