Salavat (Bashkortostan Salauat) is a city in Russia, one of the
largest industrial centers of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The
city of republican significance, forms the municipality of the city
of Salavat.
It is one of the centers of the South Bashkir
polycentric agglomeration with a powerful production potential and a
population of about 150 thousand people. The city is home to the
only chemical enterprise in Russia that produces heptyl peptyl
rocket fuel - the Salavat Chemical Plant.
Founded in 1948 as a settlement during the construction of a petrochemical plant. The name is named after the Bashkir poet Salavat Yulaev, a participant in the uprising led by E.I.Pugachev. Since 1954, the city of Salavat.
The city of Ishimbay, a pioneer of the oil-extracting and
oil-refining industry in the region, laid the foundation for the
future city of Salavat, assisted in organizing the construction of
Combine No. 18, as well as in the construction of the city itself.
On June 30, 1948, the settlement was formed in connection with
the start of construction of the petrochemical plant No. 18 (now
Gazprom neftekhim Salavat LLC). Prisoners and prisoners of war were
transported to the construction of a petrochemical plant by a decree
of the Council of Ministers of the USSR of March 30, 1948: more than
25 thousand people. Most of them worked side by side with builders
on the construction of the workshops and residential quarters. There
are currently four correctional colonies in Salavat.
On July
7, 1949, it received the status of a working village, named after
the Bashkir national hero Salavat Yulaev. The Salavat village
council was subordinate to the Ishimbay city council. The
numbering of the schools being built in the village initially
continued after the schools of the city of Ishimbay.
On June
12, 1954, the Salavat settlement left the subordination of the
Ishimbay City Council, becoming a city of republican subordination.
Physical and geographical characteristics
Geographical
position
The city is located in the south of Bashkortostan, on
the left bank of the Belaya River (a tributary of the Kama), 160 km
south of Ufa, the capital of the region.
The length of the
city's territory along the Belaya River is 5.5 km, and its width
(excluding the 116 block) is 2.65 km. The highest point of the city
is located in the 116th block (175 m).
Lake Kurbalykul is
located within the city limits.
The city is
located in the Cis-Ural foredeep zone. Since the beginning of the
Late Paleozoic, there was a sea basin on the territory of Salavat.
He dominated here almost the entire late Paleozoic. At the bottom of
the sea, which only retreated from time to time, mainly clay and
limestone deposits were formed. The bowels of the earth in the
vicinity of the city are rich in oil.
At the end of the Late
Paleozoic, in the Permian period, the sea basin gradually becomes
shallow. Rock salts and gypsum have accumulated at the bottom.
Gypsum can be found in rock outcrops in the vicinity of the city.
The youngest of the Paleozoic sediments occur on gypsum in the
outcrops. They are usually represented by red-colored sandstones and
clays. These deposits, already formed on land, when the Paleozoic
basin finally retreated, are exposed on the banks of the Belaya, in
the vicinity of the city.
Soil in the city and its environs:
humus-rich chernozem, formed on loams under conditions of the
subboreal and temperate continental belt with periodically flushed
water regime under perennial herbaceous vegetation. There is sand
under the soil.
The climate is moderately
continental, rather humid, warm summers, moderately cold and long
winters. Average January temperature: -13.9 ° C, minimum: -48.2 ° C;
July: +19.4 ° C (1993), maximum: +39.3 ° C (2010). Average annual
air temperature: +3.6 ° C. Average precipitation: 576 mm. Mostly
south wind.
The city is located in a low-lying area, which is
the reason for heavy fogs, especially in winter.
Salavat is in the time zone MSK + 2. The time offset from UTC is +5: 00.
Near Salavat there is a federal highway
P240 Ufa - Orenburg.
The city has a bus, tram and railway
communication. City, intercity and suburban bus service is served by
the Salavat bus station. Passenger traffic in the city is carried
out by the Salavat Tram Management MUP, the Salavat Passenger Motor
Transport Enterprise, Mondial LLC, Auto Line LLC, Route-Service LLC
and taxis. The first tram in the city was launched on July 29, 1957.
Tram lines in Salavat run along the western part of the city for
36.7 km. 55 trams operate daily.
Train № 381/382 Tashkent -
Ufa follows through Salavat station. By daily rail bus you can get
to Sterlitamak, Kumertau and other settlements.
Bus routes
No. 1 Bus station - Musino microdistrict - Leningradskaya street;
№ 1k Bus station - Leningradskaya st .;
No. 2 Oil University -
Salavatsteklo OJSC;
No. 3 Bus station - blvd. Cosmonauts - st.
Builders;
No. 4 Bus station - st. Lenin;
№ 5 Bus station -
Leningradskaya street - r. White;
No. 6 Bus station - st. Lenin -
st. Kalinin - Petroleum University - st. Gafuri - st. Builders -
DOK;
No. 7 Bus station - 111 block;
№ 8 City market -
Leningradskaya st. - st. Ostrovsky;
№ 9 City Market - st.
Ostrovsky - Leningradskaya st .;
№ 31e City Market - Yuldashevo;
No. 40 st. Bohdan Khmelnitsky - Greenhouse;
No. 42 Petroleum
University - JSC Gazprom neftekhim Salavat;
No. 43 Microdistrict
Zhelanny - OJSC Gazprom neftekhim Salavat;
No. 44 Ostrovsky Street - JSC Gazprom neftekhim Salavat;
С
Microdistrict Neftekhimik - JSC Gazprom neftekhim Salavat;
Ю
Petroleum University - JSC Gazprom neftekhim Salavat;