Severomorsk (literally North Sea) - a city in the Murmansk region of Russia, the center of the same name of the city district-CATU. The city is located on the Kola Peninsula, 25 km north-east of Murmansk. It is an important seaport on the east coast of the non-freezing Kola Bay of the Barents Sea. It is connected to the Murmansk railway line and the motorway. Severomorsk is the main naval base of the Northern Fleet of Russia. It is the sixth largest city in the northern Arctic Circle. Population - 52,255 people. (2018).
The monument to the Heroes of the North Sea, the
defenders of the Arctic, is better known as the "Alyosha monument" - a
symbol of the city, it is a figure of a sailor with a machine gun in his
hands 17 meters high on a pedestal in the form of a submarine cabin 10
meters high. Installed on Primorskaya Square on June 10, 1973. The
authors of the sculpture are sculptors G. V. Neroda and Yu. G. Neroda,
architects V. N. Dushkin and A. A. Shashkov.
The Monument to
Heroes-artillerymen 221-A of the Red Banner Battery of the Northern
Fleet is one of the most famous monuments in the city. It is a 130 mm
naval gun on a concrete pedestal. Opened on Severnaya Sopka near
Primorskaya Square on November 6, 1961. The authors of the sculpture are
architects A. A. Shashkov, T. N. Shashkova. A. Weisman, E.
Panteleimonov.
The monument to the aviators of the North Sea
"Aircraft Il-4" - opened in Severomorsk (pl. Muzhestva) on July 26,
1981. This aircraft was found in the hills by search engines, delivered
to the city, and then for almost a year they performed time-consuming
and painstaking restoration work. Authors: architects G. I. Evdokimova,
S. A. Bachurin; engineer A. V. Terrible.
The memorial to the
Severomors who did not return from the war - a monument in the form of
military equipment MT-LB was solemnly opened in Severomorsk on July 19,
2013 on Muzhestva Square (near the Il-4 aircraft). Dedicated to
servicemen who died in the line of duty in Afghanistan and the North
Caucasus region.
The monument "Torpedo boat TKA-12" was opened in
Severomorsk (Muzhestva Square) on July 31, 1983. During the Great
Patriotic War, this boat was commanded by twice Hero of the Soviet Union
Alexander Osipovich Shabalin. Authors: architects V. V. Alekseev, V. A.
Gopak; engineer A.P. Terrible.
Monument to officers of the Northern
Fleet
The bust of twice Hero of the Soviet Union B. F. Safonov was
installed in the city of Severomorsk (Safonov sq.) in 1967. The authors
of the monument are sculptor E. I. Kitaychuk and architect A. A.
Shashkov.
Bust of the Hero of the Russian Federation T. A. Apakidze -
installed in the city of Severomorsk (Safonov Square) in July 2003. The
authors of the monument are the North Sea artists S. Abarina and P.
Abarin, the chief engineer of the project A.F. Rechits.
Museum
"Submarine K-21" - a branch of the Naval Museum of the Northern Fleet,
opened in July 1983 (pl. Muzhestva).
The Severomorsk Museum of the
History of the City and the Fleet - opened by decision of the
administration of the ZATO Severomorsk in October 1996 (Safonov Street).
Severomorsk is located on the Kola Peninsula beyond the Arctic Circle, in the zone of permafrost, on the rocky eastern coast of the Kola Bay of the Barents Sea, on the shores of the Varlamov and Vaenga rivers.
The climate is moderately cold, sea, with a relatively mild winter and cool summer. The average January temperature is -8 ° C, July-12 ° C. Precipitations are about - 800 mm per year.
The first settlement arose on the site of the present city in
1896-1897. The settlers were engaged in hunting, fishing and cattle
breeding. In 1917, only 13 people lived in the settlement. The
settlement was named after the bay and the river - Vaenga. This name, in
turn, arose from the Sami “wayongg” - a female deer, an important one.
The emergence of the base of the Northern Fleet
In 1926, a
logging office was founded in Murmansk, one of the artels of which was
sent to Vaenga. A barrack-hostel, a bathhouse were built in the village,
a telephone line was laid.
In 1933, the bay was chosen as one of
the bases for the Northern Fleet being created.
From 1934 until
the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, wooden and brick houses,
military facilities were built in the city, and a naval aviation
airfield in the neighboring bay. Since August 1941, all construction has
been mothballed.
At the end of the war, construction was resumed.
Vaenga, taking into account the existing facilities, was chosen as the
main base for the Northern Fleet.
On September 1, 1947, the
headquarters and administration of the Northern Fleet were relocated
from Polyarny to Vaenga.
In the same year, 1947, the first
secondary school was opened. The population of Vaenga was 3884 people.
In 1948, the settlement Council of Workers' Deputies was formed in
Vaenga for the first time.
Severomorsk
On April 18, 1951, the
working settlement of Vaenga received a new status and a new name - the
city of Severomorsk.
By the 1960s, the city was already
thoroughly equipped - a bakery, a sausage factory, a shop for the
production of soft drinks were producing their products, and a swimming
pool was put into operation.
On November 26, 1996, by Decree of
the President of the Russian Federation, the city of Severomorsk as a
large naval base was transformed into a ZATO (urban district) with the
inclusion of settlements in its subordination: urban-type settlements
Safonovo, Roslyakovo, Safonovo-1, Severomorsk-3, Shchukozero.