Shadrinsk, Russia

Shadrinsk is a city (since 1712) in the Kurgan region of Russia, the second in the region in terms of population after Kurgan: 74 652 people (2020) located on the West Siberian Plain, on the Iset River (a tributary of the Tobol).

This is the administrative center of the Shadrinsky district (which is not part of); has the status of a city of regional subordination, within the boundaries of which a municipal formation is formed - the city of Shadrinsk in the status of an urban district as the only settlement in its composition.

 

Etymology

Mentioned in a document of 1622 as Shadrinskaya Zaimka, where “capture” is a place occupied by a farm, and the definition is from a non-calendar personal name Shadr or from a patronymic Shadrin, later - Shadrinskaya Sloboda; since 1712, after the construction of the temple in the name of the Archangel Michael - the Arkhangelsk Shadrinsky town or Maloarkhangelsk. Since 1781 - the district town of Shadrinsk.

 

History

Shadrinsk was founded in the 17th century, when Russian explorers began to develop the Siberian and Far Eastern lands. Under the cover of the walls of the Shadrinsky prison, the banks of the Iset were settled by peasants from the northern and central provinces of Russia.

The founder of the settlement is Yuri Malechkin, nicknamed Yushko Solovey. He turned to Tobolsk with a petition, in which he asked the governor for permission to build a prison and a settlement on Shadrina Zaimka (1644). In the Punished Memory for the establishment of the Shadrinskaya Sloboda, Yushka Solovyu was allowed to start construction “in the summer of 7171 (1662) September on the 15th day (25 September)”.

By 1686 the Shadrinskaya Sloboda became the largest settlement in Western Siberia. In the settlement there were 137 farms of arable peasants, 10 White Cossacks, 41 dragoons lived.

In 1712, by the decree of the Tobolsk voivode, the Shadrinskaya Sloboda was renamed into the Arkhangelsk Shadrinsky town, or Maloarkhangelsk, of the Tobolsk district. In 1733, a fire burned down the Shadrinsky town, and it was again considered a settlement, which gradually began to be rebuilt. In 1737, it acquired the status of a city again and became part of the Siberian province.

In 1738, the Isetskaya province was formed with the original seat of the provincial chancellery in Shadrinsk. Since 1744, Shadrinsk, as part of the Isetskaya province, became part of the Orenburg province.

In the 18th century, the city was limited by transverse streets - Vesyolaya (now K. Liebknekht St.) and Tserkovnaya (now R. Luxemburg St.), longitudinal - Naberezhnaya (now Kondyurin St.) and Petropavlovskaya (now K. Marks St.), that is in length it had a length of about 1 km, and in width - 200-400 m.

In 1771, with the blessing of the Bishop of Tobolsk Varlaam, a stone church was laid in the name of the Transfiguration of the Lord. The Transfiguration Cathedral is the first stone building in the city. The construction was supervised by the abbot of the Dalmatovsky Dormition Monastery, Abbot Adam Arkudinsky. Art historians attribute this temple to the "Ukrainian" Baroque, not without the influence of Russian architecture.

During the uprising of Yemelyan Pugachev, Shadrinsk refused to join the rebels. In 1774, having received reinforcements from Siberia, the tsarist troops from Shadrinsk launched an offensive and defeated the rebels.

Since 1781, Shadrinsk, by a decree establishing the Perm governorship, receives the status of a district town. The coat of arms of Shadrinsk - a running marten in a silver field - was approved on July 17, 1783.

In the "Topographic description of the Perm governorship of the city of Shadrinsk" in 1789 it was said: "There is only one church of God in the city of wood in the name of the Transfiguration of the Lord, Nicholas the Wonderworker - one; state-owned houses for judicial seats - 4, and for the authorities - 2, living room yard - 1, shops - 14, cash pantry, powder magazine, for hospitals - one house, philistine houses - 300, no factories, shops - 110.

On November 24, 1789, in a solemn atmosphere in Shadrinsk, the Small Public School (two-grade) was opened - the first educational institution in the city.

In 1842-1843, Shadrinsk became the center from which the suppression of the peasant uprising, known among historians as the "potato riot", took place.

Petrovskaya, Mikhailovskaya and Afanasyevskaya fairs were held annually in Shadrinsk. They traded in bread, cereals, meat, butter, lard, canvas. Merchants from the Urals, Nizhny Novgorod, Kyrgyzstan, Bukhara brought fabrics, carpets, and metal products to these fairs. In the village of Krestovsky (near Shadrinsk), the Krestovsko-Ivanovskaya fair, well-known throughout Russia, was held, which at one time occupied the third place in Russia in terms of trade after Nizhny Novgorod and Irbit. In the second half of the 18th century, about one and a half thousand handicraftsmen worked in Shadrinsk. For the processing of local raw materials, there were built lettuce shops, soap mills, pimokatny, sinillin, brick factories.

From 1822 to 1840 the porcelain factory of the merchant Fetisov worked. This was the first such enterprise in the Urals and Siberia. By 1890, 27 industrial enterprises operated in the city.

In 1865, a large merchant Alfons Poklevsky-Kozell became the owner of a distillery in Shadrinsk.

In 1870, local self-government was introduced in the city: a representative power appeared - the Duma and an executive body - the Office under the leadership of the mayor.

In the 1870s, there were two hospitals and a pharmacy in Shadrinsk. A significant event in the cultural life of the city was the opening of the zemstvo library in 1876.

 

At the beginning of the 20th century, the spinning and weaving factory of the Butakov brothers (Dmitry Ivanovich and Efim Ivanovich) and the agricultural workshop of Molodtsov appeared. In 1906 a women's gymnasium was opened, in 1907 - a real school, in 1914 - a teacher's seminary. In 1910, a clerks' club was opened, which had a theater and cinema.

In 1913, the future classic of Russian bibliology Nikolai Zdobnov organized the publication of the first newspaper in the city "Iset" in Shadrinsk. By 1917, Shadrinsk was a district town with a population of 17,000. In 1917 N.V. Zdobnov was elected chairman of the Shadrinsk City Duma and a deputy of the All-Russian Constituent Assembly.

In January 1918, Soviet power was proclaimed in the city. At the beginning of July 1918, the city was occupied by Czech troops, and Soviet power was overthrown. In August 1918, ID Shadr exhibited in the building of the clerks' club (drama theater) a model of the monument to the Shadrintsy, who were shot by the Bolsheviks.

From July 1918 to July 1919, Shadrinskaya Narodnaya Gazeta was published in the city.

In early August 1919, the Red troops entered the city, and Soviet power was established in the city.

Since 1924, the city has become the center of the Shadrinsky District of the Ural Region. In 1925, on the basis of the Poklevsky-Kozell distillery, the Shadrinsky distillery was created, which operated until 2006.

In 1928, the Shadrinsky Pedagogical College was opened (in 1930, Nekrasova, Ksenia Alexandrovna studied there), in 1932 - the Shadrinsky Financial and Economic College. In 1928, the Sovkino cinema was built, which in 1932 was renamed the October cinema.

In 1933, an iron foundry and mechanical plant named after the Second Five-Year Plan was created in Shadrinsk (during the war, the Shadrinsk Printing Machine Plant was created on its basis, which operated for more than half a century, until the early 1990s).

Since 1934, Shadrinsk has become the regional center of the Chelyabinsk region.

In 1935, the School of Nursing was opened, now the Shadrinsky Medical College. In 1939, on the basis of the Shadrinsk Pedagogical College, the Shadrinsk Teachers' Institute was created.

Since May 1941 it has the status of a city of regional subordination.

In late 1941 - early 1942, enterprises were created in the city on the basis of the evacuated factories, which in the future received the names "Shadrinsky Automotive Aggregate Plant", "Telephone Plant", "Polygraphmash", "Volodarsky Garment Factory", "Shadrinsky Plant for the Repair of Diesel Locomotives", Shadrinskaya Tobacco Factory.

From October 1941 to 1943, human rights activist Sofya Vasilievna Kallistratova lived and worked in Shadrinsk.

Since February 6, 1943, Shadrinsk has been part of the Kurgan region, separated from the Chelyabinsk region.

In 1943, the Shadrinsk State Teachers' Institute was transformed into the Shadrinsk State Pedagogical Institute.

In December 1973, the Shadrinsky bus and railway station was commissioned.

In February 2016, the Shadrinsk State Pedagogical Institute was transformed into the Shadrinsk State Pedagogical University.

In January 2017, the opening of the Cathedral Mosque took place.