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Taman is a village in the Temryuk district of the Krasnodar
Territory. The administrative center of the Taman rural settlement.
Population - 10,027 (2010).
It is located in the west of the Taman Peninsula
(the peninsula is often called simply Taman), on the coast of the
Taman Bay, located in the water area of the Kerch Strait.
A
few kilometers south of the village (settlement Volna) in 2009 a new
international cargo seaport was opened on the Black Sea coast - the
port of Taman.
On May 16, 2018, the road section of the Crimean
Bridge was opened (for cars); On December 23, 2019, the President of
Russia V.V. Putin solemnly opened the railway traffic on it.
Early settlement history: Around 592 BC e. the
ancient Greeks founded the city of Hermonassa. On September 4, 2008,
the 2600th anniversary of Hermonassa-Tmutarakan-Taman was
celebrated. The vicar of the Ekaterinodar and Kuban diocese, Bishop
Tikhon of Yeisk, consecrated an Orthodox chapel in honor of Fyodor
Ushakov.
Greek (Bosporan) polis of Hermonassos (VI century BC -
IV century AD)
Byzantine (or dependent on Byzantium) city of
Tamatarha (Matarch) (VII century).
Khazar (VIII - first half of
the X century) Tamatarha, Matluk, as well as Samkerts, Samkush,
Tumen-Tarkhan. Arab sources of this period call the city Samkush
al-yahud (that is, the Jewish Samkush), which may indicate the
existence of a large Jewish community here, or the spread of Judaism
among the Khazar nobility.
Slavic Tmutarakan (Tmutorokan,
Tmutorokon, Tmutorokan, Tmutorotan, Torokan) is the capital of the
ancient Russian Tmutarakan principality (second half of the X-XI
century). After the defeat of the Khazar Kaganate in 965 by the Kiev
prince Svyatoslav Igorevich, the city came under the rule of Russia.
At this time, it is known as a major trading city with a good
harbor. Through Tmutarakan, political and economic ties were
maintained between the Russian principalities, the peoples of the
North Caucasus and Byzantium. Kasogs (Adygs), Greeks, Alans, Rusichi
and Armenians lived in the city.
Visiting the region in the 18th
century, Johann Thunmann, speaking about the population, noted
"The inhabitants are mostly Yasa, the rest are Armenians, Jews,
Greeks, Turks, etc."
Tmutarakan in the 10th century was
surrounded by a powerful brick wall. In 1023, Prince Mstislav
Vladimirovich, who ruled in Tmutarakan from 988 to 1036, built the
Church of the Virgin here. In 1068, Prince Gleb measured the sea
from Tmutarakan to Korchev (see Tmutarakan stone).
Long-term
archaeological research and written sources made it possible to
identify the settlement with the following historical names:
Polovtsian Matarch (XII - first half of XIII century);
Mongolian
Matrika (mid XIII - early XIV century);
Genoese Matrega (XIV-XV
centuries);
Turkish Khunkala, then Taman (XVII - mid-XVIII
century).
On August 25, 1792, the Black Sea Cossacks landed
in the area of the modern village. Until 1849, Taman was formally
considered a city, but at the same time it was ruled by the board of
the stanitsa Akhtanizovskaya, since 1849 - the stanitsa.
Taman has long remained the residence of the military judge Anton
Golovaty, the base of the Cossack flotilla.
She was a member
of the Temryuk department of the Kuban region.
During the
Great Patriotic War, Taman became the arena of fierce bloody
battles. In 1943, battles on Taman land brought victory in the
battle for the Caucasus and the liberation of the Kuban from the
Nazi invaders.