The Tomsk region is a subject of the Russian Federation, part of the
Siberian Federal District. The administrative center is the city of
Tomsk.
It borders in the west with the Omsk and Tyumen regions,
in the west and north - with the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug -
Ugra, in the east - with the Krasnoyarsk Territory, in the south - with
the Kemerovo and Novosibirsk regions.
Formed on August 13, 1944
by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
Russian (neutral "Siberian" dialect).
Tatar. Most Tatars live in
Tomsk, Seversk and their suburbs, such as Takhtamyshevo. There are
schools that teach the Tatar language, but not all Tatars speak it, but
everyone is fluent in Russian.
By plane
Tomsk Airport "Bogashevo" (IATA:TOF). The northernmost
part of the region (the city of Strezhevoy and the Aleksandrovsky
district) is accessible through Nizhnevartovsk airport.
By train
The Tomsk railway line runs through the territory of the region, which
connects the settlements of the region with the Trans-Siberian Railway
at the Taiga station in the Kemerovo region.
You can get from
Moscow to Tomsk without transfers from the capital's Yaroslavsky station
on the branded train No. 038H "Tomich" or by train No. 030M (trailer
cars) according to a special schedule. The distance is more than 3600
km, travel time is less than 2.5 days.
The northernmost part of
the region (the city of Strezhevoy and the Aleksandrovsky district) is
within the reach of road transport from the Nizhnevartovsk railway
station.
By car
A section of the federal highway M53 “Baikal”
passes through the region with a branch to Tomsk, connecting Novosibirsk
in the west and Kemerovo, Krasnoyarsk and Irkutsk in the east. You can
also enter the region along the regional highway P400 Tomsk-Mariinsk
from the Kemerovo region. The city of Strezhevoy and the Aleksandrovsky
district can be reached through the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug
along the constructed section of the Northern Latitudinal Road
"Perm-Tomsk" (the section between Strezhevoy and the village of Kargasok
is still under construction, and therefore there is no year-round
communication between Tomsk and Strezhevoy).
As part of the Bologna process, study for several months (semester)
at Tomsk universities and better explore Siberia
Take part in endless
scientific, innovative forums, conferences, feel the Tomsk scientific
potential. At the same time, it should be noted that every fifth
resident in Tomsk is a student, every tenth is a scientist, researcher,
worker in science and education. All this, together with significant
cultural potential, forms the Tomsk tourist brand - Siberian Athens
Visit the world's largest Vasyugan swamp
Swim in an ice hole and take
a steam bath in Russian baths (wood-burning)
Go hiking with 25 hiking
and mountaineering clubs in Tomsk and nearby Seversk. They cultivate
sports tourism (hiking, skiing, water, mountain, cycling, automoto,
speleo and sailing tourism), mountaineering and rock climbing. Between
hikes, they climb on constructed artificial climbing walls. Traveling
around the world on a club basis is also carried out in different
elements: in the water - scuba diving clubs, in the air - paragliding
and air sports clubs.
The most visited route of Tomsk residents and city guests is to the
Talovskie Bowls, 5-7 thousand people per year
The route along the
ancient Tanaevskaya road from the headquarters of Prince Toyan can now
be taken on an ATV from Golovino, while climbing the “Everest of the
Ob-Tom interfluve” (in the village of 86th Kvartal)
Tomsk
Encyclopedia of Life (wiki project) contains a collection of active
tourist routes: more than 50 weekend hiking routes and about 20
multi-day tourist routes with active modes of transportation (on foot,
on skis, by bicycle and by car).
The activity of infected ixodid ticks in the spring-summer-autumn
warm period forces tourists to frequently look around, insure their
health in case of illness and vaccinate before the start of the
epidemiological period (six months in advance).
Repellents for wild
animals dangerous to humans (bears, wolves) - repellents that extract
three deterrent factors: a flash of light (false fan), the acrid smell
of burning (any pyrotechnics) and a sharp sound (dynamo, siren, gas
whistle). A means that includes all three deterrent factors - the
"Hunter's Signal" rocket launcher. And only hunters take rifled weapons
with them on the road. Tourists limit themselves to deterrents.
The Tomsk region is located in the southeast of the West Siberian
Plain. The length of the region from north to south is about 600 km,
from west to east – 780 km. In terms of area, the Tomsk region is
approximately 1.5% larger than Poland (and almost 35 times smaller than
Poland in population).
Most of the region's territory is
inaccessible, as it consists of taiga (forests occupy 63% of the area)
and swamps (28.9%, in particular the Vasyugan swamps, one of the largest
in the world).
The forest fund is 28.68 million hectares (286.8
thousand km²), the forest area is 19.3 million hectares (193 thousand
km²).
The highest point of the region is 274 m above sea level,
the lowest is 34 m above sea level.
The climate is humid
continental.
The flora and fauna on the territory of the Tomsk region are represented by about 1000 species of higher plants and about 2000 species of animals, most of which are insects. A number of species - the original inhabitants of the region - require protection measures and are included in the Red Book of the Tomsk Region.
The Tomsk region is rich in natural resources, such as oil (100 fields,
1449 million tons), natural gas (632 billion m³), ferrous and
non-ferrous metals, brown coal - 74.7 billion tons (first place in
reserves in Russia), peat ( second place in terms of reserves in Russia)
and groundwater. In the region there is the Bakcharskoye iron ore
deposit, which is one of the largest in the world (57% of all iron ore
in Russia), the total reserves are 90 billion tons. In the Tomsk region
there are many deposits of raw materials for building materials: clay,
sand, limestone, shale, gravel
The Middle Ob region has
mineralized groundwater at a depth of 1100-2250 m. In the area of the
city of Tomsk there are outlets of radon water. Total groundwater
reserves are estimated at 14.2 billion m³. In addition, there are proven
reserves of kaolin, refractory clays, glass and ilmenite-zircon sands
(ilmenite - 3.4 million tons, zircon - 1380 thousand tons), leucoxene
and rutile (600 thousand tons), bauxite (11.5 million tons) tons), brown
coal (3 billion 625.6 million tons), zinc (559 thousand tons), gold,
platinum and titanium.
Forests are one of the most significant
assets of the region: about 20% (more than 26.7 million hectares) of
forest resources in Western Siberia are located in the Tomsk region.
Wood reserves amount to 2.8 billion m³. The region is home to 28 species
of mammals, more than 40 species of birds and 15 species of fish of
commercial importance; pine nuts are harvested (total reserves - 27
thousand tons), mushrooms (86 thousand tons), berries (25 thousand tons)
, medicinal herbs (12 thousand tons). Degradation of cedar forests,
facts of cutting down cedars and collecting nuts using prohibited
methods by illegal immigrants from Tajikistan and Uzbekistan are noted.
In the Tomsk region there are 15 zoological reserves (Tomsky,
Verkhne-Sorovsky, Ilovsky, Kaltaisky, Karegodsky, Ket-Kassky,
Malo-Yuksinsky, Oktyabrsky, Osetrovo-nelmovy, Paninsky, Pershinsky,
Poskoevsky, Tongulsky, Oglatsky, Chichka-Yulsky), 3 landscape (Larinsky
and Pol-To, Vasyugansky) and 1 botanical (South Taiga).
145
natural monuments have been identified in the region, of which 69 are
located in the Tomsk region, in particular, the Talovskie Bowls, Blue
Cliff, Dyzvezdny Klyuch, Peschanoe Lake, etc.
In the Tomsk region there are 18.1 thousand rivers, streams and other watercourses, with a total length of about 95 thousand km, including 1620 rivers with a length of more than 10 km (the total length of these rivers is 57.2 thousand km). The main water artery is the Ob River, which crosses the region diagonally from southeast to northwest, dividing it into two almost equal parts. The length of the Ob within the region is 1065 km. The main tributaries of the Ob that flow into it in the Tomsk region: Tom, Chulym, Chaya, Ket, Parabel, Vasyugan, Tym. The duration of the navigation period is 170-180 days.
According to N.F. Surunov and A.A. Zemtsov, in the Tomsk region there are 112.9 thousand lakes with a total surface area of 4451 km². Small lakes predominate, with an area of less than 0.1 square kilometers. There are more than 106 thousand, or 94% of the total. There are 417 lakes with an area of more than 1 square kilometer. In the Tomsk region there are 11 lakes whose area exceeds 10 km²: Mirnoe, Vargato, Illipekh, Polto-3, Imemtor, Bolshoye, Dikoe, Elan, Kogozes, Perelto, Yakynr. The largest lake is Mirnoe (Parabelsky district), the surface area is 18.3 km².
Tomsk region is located in the MSC+4 time zone. The applied time
offset relative to UTC is +7:00.
On May 1, 2002, the Tomsk region
switched from Krasnoyarsk time MSK+4 to Omsk time MSK+3.
In
February 2016, the Legislative Duma of the Tomsk Region introduced a
bill to the State Duma of the Russian Federation on returning the Tomsk
Region to the standard time corresponding to the neighboring territories
- the Krasnoyarsk Territory, Kuzbass and the Novosibirsk Region.
On April 15, 2016, the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian
Federation adopted a law on the transfer of time in the Tomsk region
(TSK zone) to the time zone MSK+4 (UTC+7) (NSK/KRASK) on May 29, 2016.
At the same time, the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra, which
borders the Tomsk region from the west and north, did not change its
time zone, as a result of which in neighboring regions the local time
differs by 2 hours; This circumstance causes some inconvenience for
residents during mutual trips to their neighbors (especially residents
of Strezhevoy and the Aleksandrovsky district).
The Aryshevskoye site in the Zyryansky District dates back to 20,000
to 30,000 years ago (Sartan glaciation). The Mogochino I (20,150 ± 240
years) and Sokolovskaya sites were discovered in the Molchanovsky
District, and the Voronino-Yaya site was discovered in the Asinovsky
District. On the outskirts of Tomsk, in Lagerny Garden, there is the
Tomsk Paleolithic site (18,300 ± 1000 years ago), discovered by N. F.
Kashchenko.
In Seversk, on the third floodplain terrace of the
Tom River in the Parusinka area, a stone axe, a mammoth tusk, and other
parts of a mammoth skeleton were found. Drawings made with simple fine
engraving, characteristic of the art of the Magdalenian culture, were
found on the mammoth tusk. The ancient artist depicted four two-humped
camels, two mammoths or elephants, three feathered arrows, an image of a
"rider", the outline of a human leg, an anthropozoomorphic creature,
three mammoths or elephants, a fragment of a horn or tusk, a herbivore,
a figure of a woman, a spear, and a series of symbolic signs. The
specialists of the Museum of Prehistoric Anthropology of the
Principality of Monaco have radiocarbon-dated the mammoth tusk to 13,000
years.
The Basandaika II site near Tomsk dates back to the
Mesolithic era. Stone tools from the early Neolithic era (5th-3rd
millennia BC) were discovered on the territory of the
Bogoroditse-Aleksievsky Monastery in Tomsk.
The comb-pit ceramics
culture in the Tomsk region dates back to the 15th-10th centuries BC.
The largest settlement in the Samus culture area and the main bronze
casting center is the settlement of Samus IV (17th-16th - 13th centuries
BC) in the settlement of Samus.
The Shelomok Iron Age culture,
which developed in the south of the Tomsk region, was named after the
settlements of Shelomok I and Shelomok II (5th-3rd centuries BC). The
settlements on Basandayka, in Kizhirovo, and in the settlement of Samus
are also attributed to this culture.
Long before the appearance
of Russians in Siberia, the territory of modern Tomsk Oblast was
inhabited by people belonging to the Kulai archaeological culture, known
for its bronze artifacts. In the 3rd century BC, the Kulai people began
to migrate to the south.
The development of the region's
territory began in the late 16th - early 17th centuries. The oldest
settlement in the region is the village (formerly the city) of Narym,
founded in 1596.
Tomsk was founded in 1604. In 1629, the Tomsk
district was separated from the Tobolsk district, which, in addition to
Tomsk, included the Yenisei, Ketsky, Krasnoyarsk, Kuznetsk, Narymsky,
and Surgut districts.
During the 18th century, the
administrative-territorial division of Siberia changed several times. In
1708-1719, the Tomsk district was part of the Siberian province with its
center in Tobolsk, in 1719-1764 - in the Tobolsk province, in 1764-1779
- in the Tobolsk province.
Tomsk region was first formed in 1782
by decision of Catherine II as part of the Tobolsk viceroyalty of the
Siberian kingdom. Tomsk Oblast consisted of Achinsk, Yenisei, Kansk,
Narymsk, Tomsk and Turukhansk districts.
From 1796 to 1804, Tomsk
was part of the Tobolsk Governorate.
On February 26 (March 9),
1804, by decree of Emperor Alexander I, Tomsk Governorate was formed.
The newly formed governorate was included in the Siberian
Governorate-General.
In 1842, Pyotr Chikhachev was assigned a
scientific expedition to the Altai Mountains by order of Nicholas I. He
reached the sources of the Abakan, Chui and Chulyshman rivers. Traveling
through the Southern Altai, Chikhachev reached unexplored territories.
He also explored the Sayan Mountains. In the Northern Altai, he found
the richest coal deposits in the world, which he called the Kuznetsk
coal basin. He also studied the culture, life and customs of the various
nomadic and sedentary tribes of this region, compiling a geographical
and geological description of these areas in 1845. His book included
illustrations by E. Mayer, who traveled with him, and the famous Russian
artist Ivan Aivazovsky, depicting steep valleys, deep lakes and wide
rivers typical of the area through which Chikhachev traveled.
In
1876, the Imperial Academy of Sciences sent Ivan Polyakov on a
scientific trip to explore the Ob River valley, and in the summer of
1877, Polyakov was sent by the Academy to the Kuznetsk Ridge (Mariinsky
District) to find the carcass of a mammoth (which turned out to be
pieces of asbestos).
During the period of rapid development of
capitalism in Russia in the 19th century, Tomsk became an outpost in
Russian Asia in terms of cultural, ideological and economic influence.
River shipping developed dynamically here (including due to the need to
transport mined Siberian gold by river for marking at the Imperial Altai
mining plants, and Tomsk merchants built the cities of Barnaul,
Zmeinogorsk, Biysk and invested in the development of Semipalatinsk and
Ust-Kamenogorsk), agrarian reform made the south of the province one of
the grain-producing granaries of the empire, Tomsk merchants-patrons of
the arts created volost and rural schools and secondary specialized
educational institutions in district towns. The provincial capital, the
city of Tomsk, received the first universities in the country to the
east of the Volga: the Imperial Tomsk University, the Imperial Tomsk
Technological Institute, the First Siberian Practical Tomsk Polytechnic
Institute (based on the Imperial Commercial School named after Tsarevich
Alexei) and the first Siberian Higher Women's Courses in the region. A
branch of the Great Siberian Railway was laid through the territory of
the province, which until the end of the 1950s was called the "Tomsk
Railway" - the West Siberian segment of the modern Trans-Siberian
Railway. The creation of the medical faculty as part of the Imperial
Tomsk University made it possible to stop the spread of a number of
epidemics from Mongolia across Siberia to Europe at the turn of the 19th
and 20th centuries, which were terrible for that time. The contribution
of professors, teachers and students to the fight against the epidemics
of cholera (1892, 1907), plague (1910-1911), typhus (1917-1921) is
invaluable. When a severe cholera epidemic broke out in Russia in 1892,
students of the Faculty of Medicine were invited to eliminate outbreaks
of this epidemic in Omsk, Tyumen, Tobolsk, Perm, Samara, Tambov, and the
Ural Railway. It should be noted that in general the territory of
today's Bolotninsky District, and then the southern part of Tomsk
County, suffered greatly from the cholera epidemic and contemporaries
noted the extraordinary management actions of Tomsk Governor N. L.
Gondatti, who mobilized Tomsk doctors and students to fight the
epidemics, as a result of which they managed to cope with this scourge
here in the Tom-Ob interfluve. As a token of gratitude, a peasant
meeting in the village of Bolotnoye in Tomsk district decided to create
its own new volost (from part of the territories of the rural
settlements of the Oyashkinskaya volost) and asked the governor for
permission to name it Gondatyevskaya volost.
However, the
Trans-Siberian Railway was of great concern to Russia's Far Eastern
neighbor, and by the beginning of the Russo-Japanese War, an
organization of the RSDLP had appeared in Tomsk, which immediately began
to have armed combat groups from young men of real schools, as well as
the most modern illegal printing equipment for that period for the
production of proclamations and ideological destabilization of the
Siberian railway.
On October 20 (November 2), 1905, during the
events in Tomsk, which Soviet historiography attributed to the Black
Hundreds pogroms, the buildings of the Korolev Theater and the railway
administration were burned, several dozen people died.
On April
16 (29), 1917, elections were held to the Tomsk Provincial People's
Assembly.
In June 1917, by decision of the Provisional
Government, the territory of the Altai south was separated from the
Tomsk province into a new province - a separate Altai province was
formed from the territories of the Barnaul, Biysk and Zmeinogorsk
districts, as well as part of the southern volosts of the Kainsk
district. At the same time, in the very west of the Tomsk province, a
new Tatar district began to form from the volosts of the Tomsk, Tobolsk
provinces and the Akmola Cossack region, which in January 1918 was
included in the Akmola region.
Soviet power in the Tomsk province
was established from December 1917 to March 1918. On January 26
(February 8), 1918, the executive committee of the Tomsk provincial
council of workers' and soldiers' deputies dissolved the Siberian
regional duma, and two months later dissolved the provincial zemstvo
council. Since the spring of 1918, the provincial council of deputies
became part of the system of state Bolshevism in Siberia,
organizationally subordinated to the All-Siberian council of deputies -
Central Siberia, the place of jurisdiction (capital) of which was
determined to be Irkutsk. Since May 28, the leaders of the provincial
council of deputies left Tomsk. Then, in early June 1918, a group of
Tomsk intelligentsia, known as supporters of "Siberian regionalism",
took power in the province. A few days later, in the cities and stations
along the Trans-Siberian Railway, the soldiers and officers of the
Czechoslovak Legion began to overthrow the Bolshevik dictatorship en
masse. These were armed formations that had been captured by the Russian
Army during the First World War and, by agreement with these units, had
been sent through the Far East to the territory of warring Europe for
more than six months. This is the so-called "White Czech rebellion" in
Soviet historiography, which they tried to replace the fact of "Siberian
regionalism" in June 1918. Thus, the Civil War began for the province.
In July-August 1918, the Tomsk province came under the control of
the White troops.
Since November 1918, the government of A.V.
Kolchak was established in Tomsk, the province, and Siberia. Earlier, in
Tomsk, Novo-Nikolaevsk, Barnaul and on the basis of other cities of
Siberia, units of the anti-Bolshevik armed forces began to form - the
First and Second Siberian armies, which initially carried out successful
attacks on Soviet Russia from the Urals to the Volga.
From
December 1919 to January 1920, the territory of the province was
occupied by units of the Red Army. Since 1920, the organs of Soviet
power and the RCP(b) began to operate again: the provincial
revolutionary committee, the provincial committee, the provincial
council of workers, peasants and Red Army deputies, the provincial
executive committee. All these organs operated under the "party
leadership" of a special organ created by V. I. Lenin for the
implementation of the Bolshevik dictatorship in Siberia - the Siberian
Revolutionary Committee, which in 1919-1926 was located sometimes in
Omsk, sometimes in Novo-Nikolaevsk.
On June 13, 1921, a new
separate Novonikolaevskaya province was created, which included the
Kainsky and Novo-Nikolaevsky districts.
Since 1923, the Sibrevkom
began to form inter-volost organs of the dictatorship of Soviet power -
district committees of the RCP(b) with practically the same powers as
the ukoms - district committees of the RCP(b), supra-drevkom and
supra-dvoristekom organs. During 1924, the Sibrevkom approved the
formation of enlarged volosts (districts) in all provinces. By the
resolution of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of February 4,
1924, the Sibrevkom was granted the right to conduct lower zoning on the
territory of Siberia with subsequent approval by the All-Russian Central
Executive Committee, which (the creation of enlarged volosts and the
governing bodies of the district party committees) took place in the
Tomsk province from 1923 to 1924.
In May 1925, the Presidium of
the All-Russian Central Executive Committee abolished the previous
divisions of Siberia into volosts, districts, and provinces and created
a single Siberian Territory, in which 16 districts were formed,
including Tomsk. The Tomsk District included one district of the former
Tobolsk Province, four districts of the Narym Territory, six districts
of the Mariinsky District, and the Tomsk District.
From 1930 to
1937, the city of Tomsk and the territories (districts) of the future
Tomsk Region were part of the West Siberian Territory.
From 1937
to 1944, the city of Tomsk and the territories (districts) of the future
Tomsk Region were part of the Novosibirsk Region.
In the period
from 1928 to 1935, in Western Siberia, after I. V. Stalin visited here
in February 1928 and personally defined the tasks of de-peasantization
and the formation of Siblag for this purpose, a policy of
de-peasantization was carried out: depriving free peasants of any
ownership of the means of production, the results of their labor (food).
In the spring of 1928, and then in 1929 and in 1931-1932, famines took
place in Siberia for the first time in the USSR.
Following the
confiscation of property and food by special detachments of "food
procurement officers", a campaign of collectivization into collective
farms began with simultaneous mandatory repressions for each village in
Siberia: fellow villagers themselves were obliged to "dekulakize"
several families in the settlement. Almost all former peasants of the
grain-growing regions of the South of Western Siberia who were
de-peasantized and repressed for "special resettlement" and
"re-education through labor" were sent to the special commandant's
offices of the Siblag in the Tomsk North. The repressions against the
peasantry were followed by new waves of mass Stalinist repressions in
the USSR ("the GULAG era"), as a result of which the territory of
today's Tomsk region received a significant influx of people, which then
continued during the Great Patriotic War due to evacuees.
On May
19, 1933, opposite the village of Nazino, one of the groups of
de-kulakized "labor settlers" ("socially harmful and declassed
elements") was landed on an uninhabited island.
On August 13,
1944, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR,
Tomsk Oblast was formed in its current form by separating from
Novosibirsk Oblast a part of the former Tomsk Okrug and the former Narym
Okrug.
The rapid economic growth of Tomsk Oblast is associated
with the period of the 1950s - 1980s, when the domestic USSR Atomic
Project and the Siberian Oil Project were implemented here. Also in the
1970s, Tomsk again became one of the leading scientific centers of
Siberia (the de facto head of the region E.K. Ligachev repeated the
example of Novosibirsk in creating Akademgorodok), the new Tomsk airport
in Bogashevo became a major regional aviation hub in the USSR.
Transcontinental oil and gas pipelines of Central Siberia passed through
the territory of the region. An attempt was made to complete the
construction of the Tomsk - Chulym - Bely Yar - Lesosibirsk railway,
which had begun in 1905.
On June 26, 1967, Tomsk Oblast was
awarded the Order of Lenin.
In 1993, a radiation accident
occurred at the Siberian Chemical Plant in Seversk, which resulted in
the release of radioactive substances into the atmosphere, and 1,946
people suffered from radiation. The index on the International Nuclear
Event Scale is INES - 4. The accident did not have the character of a
catastrophe, since the radiation went along the wind rose away from the
city, towards the endless Siberian taiga.
On March 27, 1994, the
first elections to the new regional government body, the Tomsk Regional
Duma, were held. It consists of 21 deputies elected for two years (later
the term of office of the deputies was extended) on the basis of the
majoritarian system in single-mandate constituencies formed throughout
the territory of Tomsk Oblast.
On July 26, 1995, the Charter of
Tomsk Oblast was adopted.
The volume of GRP of the Tomsk region for the first time exceeded 600
billion rubles; in 2019, the region earned 607 billion rubles, which is
27.7 billion more than a year earlier. With these parameters, the region
ranks third in Siberia and 23rd position among the constituent entities
of the Russian Federation.
The largest share in the structure of
GRP is occupied by mining - 32%. Manufacturing industries produced 11.1%
of the total annual GRP; in this industry, the efficiency of enterprises
in 2019 increased by 17.8%. Real estate transactions showed good growth
- 14.3%, agriculture, forestry, and fisheries - 16.8%. The construction
market fell over the year, as did mining: 13% and 3.2%, respectively.
Transport companies contributed 7.9% to the regional product, trade -
7.8%.
According to the Russian Ministry of Economic Development, in 2004
the Tomsk region was classified as a region with an above-average level
of development (18th place in the country). At the same time, the region
ranked 14th in terms of the average monthly salary (9,640 rubles), the
volume of paid services per capita (18.8 thousand rubles), and tax
revenues to the budget per capita (60.4 thousand rubles). ). The main
priorities of economic development are fuel and energy, scientific and
educational complexes and small business.
In 2004, industry
contributed 45.5% of regional GDP, agriculture - 19% and construction -
13%. Among the industries, the most developed in the region are fuel
(52.8%), including oil production (48.5%) and mechanical engineering
(12.6%), chemical and petrochemical industries.
The large share
of non-ferrous metallurgy (8.9% in 2004, 20.3% in 2001) is explained by
the fact that the products of the Siberian Chemical Plant (nuclear
industry) traditionally belong to this industry.
Main exported
products: oil (62.1%), methanol (30.2%), machinery and equipment (4.8%).
Joint ventures in the region are primarily involved in oil production
and logging.
The rural population of the Tomsk region is 300 thousand people,
about 28% of the population. The main branches of agriculture are meat
and dairy farming, animal husbandry and crop farming.
Livestock
production provides about 60% of all production (by value). They grow
grains and leguminous crops (wheat, rye, oats, etc.), fodder crops,
potatoes and vegetables. Livestock farming for dairy and meat (pigs,
poultry). Fur trade and fur farming (silver-black fox) are developed.
In 2020, approximately 400 thousand tons of grain were collected on
154 thousand hectares 1.54 thousand km², 25.3 thousand tons of potatoes
were harvested with the highest yield in Siberia under 200 t/ha 2 t/km²
from an area of 1500 hectares. In total, 325.6 thousand hectares of
3.256 thousand km² were sown.
At the end of 2020, in farms of all categories of the Tomsk region,
there were 77.6 thousand (-0.6%) heads of cattle, of which 33 thousand
(+2.5%) were dairy cows, 256.2 thousand ( +7.9%) pigs and 4628.4
thousand (+5.1%) poultry.
In 2020, farms of all categories in the
region produced 157.8 thousand tons (+2.3%) for slaughter of livestock
and poultry (in live weight), milk production amounted to 147.1 thousand
tons (+3.4%), egg production amounted to 123.8 million units (-4.5%).
Milk yield per cow in agricultural organizations (without small
forms of farming) in 2020 amounted to 7549 kg, which is 9.5% more than
in 2019. The productivity of the dairy herd in the Tomsk region is
growing every year. The average milk yield per forage cow is now 18.4
kilograms per day, and for a number of farms implementing investment
projects - 23.5 kilograms.
The majority of livestock products are
produced by agricultural organizations, their share in milk production
is 68%, eggs - more than 80%, and in meat production - 91%. Household
farms account for 37.2% of the cattle population and 9.2% of the pig
population.
In the Tomsk and Pervomaisky districts, a project is
underway to create a large livestock breeding complex for meat
production. Main tasks: production of beef over 550 tons in slaughter
weight; achieving the total number of specialized meat breeds up to 15
thousand heads (of which 5.5 thousand heads of cows) by 2026, as well as
the construction of a feedlot for five thousand heads.
In 2021, the grain and legume harvest amounted to 445.3 thousand tons
in bunker weight (in 2020 - 427.8 thousand tons). Grain yields in the
Tomsk region hit a record high and amounted to 27.0 centners per
hectare. The region is in second place in the Siberian Federal District
in terms of grain yield after the Krasnoyarsk Territory (31.3 c/ha).
Rapeseed also showed high yields - 20.3 centners per hectare. 47.3
thousand tons of rapeseed were threshed, or 117.7% compared to last year
(in 2020 - 40.2 thousand tons), with an average yield of 20.3 c/ha, or
109.1% compared to last year ( in 2020 - 18.6 c/ha). In addition, farms
have completed harvesting peas, barley, buckwheat, soybeans and corn for
grain. The harvesting of potatoes (29.8 thousand tons) has been
completed and the harvesting of cabbage (6.6 thousand tons), carrots (5
thousand tons) and beets (3.2 thousand tons) has been almost completed.
During the harvesting campaign, 1,093 tractors and 429 grain harvesters
worked in the fields of the region.
The gross grain harvest in
barn weight after processing will be 411.7 thousand tons. This is the
highest result in the last two decades. The yield of spring wheat in
bunker weight was 28.5 c/ha, winter wheat - 35.8 c/ha, barley - 28.7
c/ha, peas - 30.5 c/ha. Experimental corn crops for grain also produced
a good harvest this year: from 176 hectares, farmers threshed 689 tons
of grain for livestock feed with an average yield of 39.1 c/ha in bunker
weight.
According to Tomskstat, in 2020, agricultural producers
in the Tomsk region increased grain production by 21.5%. 414.6 thousand
tons of grain and leguminous crops were threshed (in weight after
processing), the yield was 25.2 c/ha. There was an increase in the gross
harvest of corn for grain - 4.3 times, winter triticale - by 91.4%,
winter wheat - by 86.3%, buckwheat - by 68.7%. Potatoes collected 99.2
thousand tons (137 c/ha) (-9.1%), open and protected ground vegetables -
51.5 thousand tons (310.1 c/ha).
According to the results of the
2020 harvesting campaign, the spring wheat variety “Extra” showed a
yield of 56 centners per hectare. According to the results of the 2020
harvesting campaign, the red lentil variety “Lira” showed a yield of
59.2 centners per hectare.
As of the end of 2018, 9 thermal power plants (with a unit capacity of more than 5 MW) were in operation in the Tomsk region, with a total capacity of 1036.4 MW, connected to the unified energy system of Russia. In 2018, they produced 3,456 million kWh of electricity. There are also three power plants of smaller capacity connected to the Unified Power System (including one small hydroelectric power station), and 25 diesel and gas piston power plants with a total capacity of 58.6 MW, not connected to the Unified Power System and operating in the zone of decentralized energy supply.
A branch of the M53 federal highway. Regional highways P398 (Tomsk -
Kolpashevo), P399 (Kargala - Bakchar), P400 (Tomsk - Mariinsk). The
Northern Latitudinal Railway is under construction.
Tomsk railway
branch Taiga - Tomsk - Bely Yar.
Bogashevo hub airport in Tomsk.
Small airports in Kolpashevo and Kargask (not in operation), Strezhevoy.
The main water arteries are the Ob, Tom, and Chulym, which carry
regular river traffic as well as northern deliveries. Freight and
passenger transportation is also carried out along the Ket and Vasyugan
rivers.
One of the most important and dynamically developing industries is
higher education. There are 6 state universities in Tomsk with high
all-Russian ratings, including Tomsk State University - the first
Siberian Imperial University, founded in the Asian part of Russia (1878)
and Tomsk Polytechnic University, created as the first Siberian Imperial
Institute of Technology. In the 20th century, there were hundreds of
universities in Tomsk, which were consolidated into large regional
universities, or moved from Tomsk to other regions of Siberia as the
base of new regional universities. Since 2012, the Tomsk agglomeration
is the only one east of the Moscow region, where there are three
national research universities (that is, from among the 15 leading
universities in Russia): National Research University TSU, National
Research Tomsk Polytechnic University and National Research Nuclear
University MEPhI, while in other regions from the Volga to In the Far
East, there are no more than 1 universities of this status per region.
In terms of the number of students per capita, Tomsk ranks one of the
first places in the country.
The region has a widely developed
system of secondary educational institutions - technical schools and
colleges.
The school education system in Tomsk and Seversk is
traditionally (since the 19th century) significantly higher in quality
than the Russian average (including the requirements of the Unified
State Examination standard) and school graduates successfully enter both
Russian and foreign universities.
SibSMU Clinics
Tomsk Phthisiopulmonology Medical Center
Tomsk
Regional Skin and Venereal Diseases Dispensary
Regional Perinatal
Center
Research Institute of Cardiology SB RAMS
«Vecherniy Tomsk»
«Krasnoe Znamya»
«Tomskaya Nedelya»
«Tomsky Vestnik»
«Tomskie Novosti»
«Severnaya Zvezda»
Radio «Siberia»
Tomsky Blagovest
GTRK «Tomsk»
«Tomskoye Vremya»
«Severskaya TV Company-7»
«STV» (Strezhevoy)
«Asino TV Studio» («AsTV»)
«Kolpasheva
Television»
«Centralized Club System of Pervomaisky District» (p.
Pervomayskoye)
Terrestrial analog and digital television and
radio broadcasting in the region is provided by the Tomsk Regional Radio
and Television Transmitting Center.
Heroes of the Soviet Union
Full Cavaliers of the Order of Glory
Grechany Zinaida Petrovna - Moldovan politician, Prime Minister of the
Republic of Moldova from March 31, 2008 to September 14, 2009,
Chairperson of the Parliament of the Republic of Moldova from June 8,
2019 to April 28, 2021 (acting from April 28 to July 23, 2021).