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Troitsk (Kazakh: Munanai) is a city in the Chelyabinsk Region,
Russia, located 175 kilometers (109 miles) east of the southern
Urals and about 110 kilometers (68 miles) south of Chelyabinsk on
the border with Kazakhstan. It stands on the eastern Uy River, a
branch of the Tobol River. Population: 78,372 people (2010 census);
83,862 (2002 census); 90,077 (1989 census).
Troitsk was
founded in 1743 by Ivan Neplyuev as the head fortress of the
Orenburg line of forts during the Bashkir War of 1735-1740 and to
protect the southern borders of Russia. He played a major role in
the uprising of Pugachev, who besieged and captured the city in
1774.
Gradually, from a military settlement, Troitsk turned
into a trading city with a developed industry and nascent tourism.
Troitsk is one of the few places in the Urals where the
historical environment has been well preserved. There are 948
cultural and historical monuments. In the city of Troitsk there are
4 architectural objects of federal significance: the Cathedral of
the Holy Trinity (1754), Yaushev's passage, the Bashkirov brothers,
a hotel and a shopping arcade.
Transport routes pass through the city, so getting to it is not
difficult.
By plane
To Chelyabinsk airport, and then by bus or
high-speed train.
By train
To Troitsk station by train or
express train from Chelyabinsk.
By car
Near the city there is
the A310 highway from Yekaterinburg to Kustanai, passing through
Chelyabinsk, which can be reached along the E5 highway
By bus
From the Chelyabinsk bus station to the Troitsk bus station (route 597)
The city has a bus system and minibuses. The fare is 18 rubles. Bus
Boat station "River Breeze" (Catamaran and boat rental) , Troitsk, st. Zhukova, 2. ✉ ☎ +7 (951) 484-28-57. 09:00-23:00. from 150 rub.
Average cost
El Gusto , Troitsk, st. Klimova, 19. ✉ ☎ +7 (35163)
7-16-43. 09:00-00:00.
Cheap
1 Sauna-hotel “Amur”, st. Orlovskaya 3. ☎ +7 (35163)
7-14-41. from 700 rub.
2 Azimuth, 5th microdistrict, no. 18. ☎ +7
(35163) 7-70-65.
Average cost
3 Premier, 5th microdistrict,
2A. ☎ +7 (35163) 7-68-20. from 1800 rub.
4 Hotel “Kupecheskaya”, st.
30 years of Komsomol, no. 4. ☎ +7 (35163) 7-99-93. from 1500 rub.
5 Hotel “Uyezdnaya”, st. Sovetskaya, 109. ☎ +7 (35163) 2-06-45. from
1800 rub.
Expensive
6 Hotel “Central” , st. Klimova, 9. ✉ ☎
+7 (35163) 2-28-95. 2300-4200 rub. The hotel is located in a historical
building built in 1909. The building also has a restaurant and laundry
service.
Before the settlement by Russians, Kazakhs of the
Karabalyk clan of the Kypshak tribe of the Middle Zhuz lived in the
area.
Troitsk was founded on June 4 (May 22), 1743. On this
day, a solemn ritual of founding a new fortress took place, during
which the site of the fortress construction was consecrated, a
prayer service was held and a cannon salute was performed. The
fortress got its name from the Orthodox holiday of the day of the
Holy Trinity (Pentecost), which fell that year on May 22 according
to the old style. I.I. Neplyuev made the decision "to be the main
one among all the fortresses there." (On the Uyskaya line). In his
life, I.I. Neplyuev pointed out: "for the reproduction of bargaining
for the useful, he recognized and on the Uiskaya line to build one
fortress more meaningful, so that the Kyrgyz of the Middle Horde
adjoin that river, whom it was not convenient to travel to Orenburg
for bargaining beyond the distance ..."
Under Neplyuev,
Troitsk became a major exchange point between Russian and Asian
merchants. By the decree of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna (November
1749) in Troitsk, in May 1750, a fair began to work, which was held
annually from May to October at the exchange yard, the turnover of
which grew rapidly and reached 2.5 million rubles a year. The
Kazakhs called the city the word "Munanai", which comes from the
distortion of the word Exchange trade. Opposite the fortress on the
right bank of the Uy River, an exchange yard was built, which
existed until 1915 (first a wooden one was built in 1749, then a
stone one in 1822), a border customs house (1749, closed in 1868
(according to other sources, in 1863 d.) in connection with the
abolition of the Orenburg customs district).
In May 1774, the
fortress became the arena of the Pugachev uprising, was taken by
storm by Yemelyan Pugachev. He did not stay in the fortress, but
settled one and a half versts on the mountain that now bears his
name. Pugachev stayed here for only one day, since the next he was
defeated by Lieutenant General De Colong and fled to the Ural
Mountains.
The Trinity Fortress became a district town by the
decree of Catherine II in 1784, and was assigned to the Ufa
governorship. Since 1804, the city has been part of the Orenburg
province.
Gradually, trade moved to the city center with the
construction of a Gostiny Dvor (1866), banks, trading houses, hotels
and public buildings, which radically change the face of the city.
The city has become a pearl of architecture in the South Urals.
Troitsk gradually turned into a cultural center of the South
Urals. Parish schools, elementary schools, a district school (1830),
a parish school (1839), a women's school (1861), and a school for
Kyrgyz (Kazakh) children (1861) were opened. The women's school in
1870 became a gymnasium. In September 1873 a classical male
gymnasium was opened in the city. There was a women's gymnasium. The
famous madrasah "Rasuliya" (1884) was opened, which was named after
its founder, the famous Bashkir religious figure Zainulla, Ishan
Rasulev. In 1879, the first library was opened in the Orenburg
province. In 1881, a theater was opened in the city, which gave
performances in the building of the Noble Assembly. At the beginning
of the 20th century, the construction of a separate building for the
theater began, which was completed only in 1929-1930. for the Ural
Veterinary Institute.
In 1889, there were 8 Orthodox
churches, 4 mosques, 1 synagogue for every 14 thousand townspeople.
The population of Troitsk has been multinational since its
inception.
In 1897, 36.2% of the city's inhabitants (8430)
were Muslims. The data of 1897 make it possible to characterize the
Muslim population of the city in terms of nationality: Tatars - 7344
people (87.1%), Bashkirs - 625 people (7.4%), Kazakhs - 410 people
(4.9%), Uzbeks - 33 people (0.4%), Circassians - 6 people (0.07%),
others - 12 people (0.13%).
In 1898, there were 1,446
residential buildings in the city, including 55 stone ones; 253
trade shops, 34 enterprises, mainly tanneries, flour-milling,
tallow, breweries (Ya. E. Zukker's plant), soap-making, candle, glue
and others.
Throughout its history, Troitsk has repeatedly
become the site of violent social clashes. This is the period of the
peasant war of 1773-1775. During the Civil War of the 20th century,
he repeatedly switched to supporters of either the white or the red
movements.
During the Great Patriotic War, several industrial
enterprises were evacuated to Troitsk (a machine tool plant and an
electromechanical plant)
In the post-war years, new plants
and factories were built. During the Soviet period, the city grew
and developed. From the beginning of the 1960s to the end of the
1990s, the urban planning plan was actively implemented. During this
period, new districts were built (10, 16 and 17 quarters; 2 and 5
microdistricts). Currently, the construction of a private
residential sector (microdistrict 3), 10-storey panel houses,
demolition of dilapidated housing (the city resettlement program)
and new 5-storey houses, leisure and health institutions are
underway.
There are plans to build 1, 3, and 4-th
microdistrict.