Tynda is a city (since 1917 the settlement of Tyndinsky, the status of a city since November 1975) in the Amur Region of Russia, the administrative center of the Tyndinsky District (not part of the district), forms the urban district of the city of Tynda. The city is known as the “Capital of BAM”.
For recreational pastime, the City Park of Culture and Leisure
operates in the city, which is under restoration as part of the federal
project "Formation of a Comfortable Urban Environment", where, in
addition to the usual recreation areas and attractions, a rope park will
be installed, which has no analogues in the city. Cinema "Gilyuy",
Museum of the History of BAM, City Palace of Culture "Rus", City Drama
Theatre, City Square. 25th anniversary of BAM, the BAM stadium, which,
in addition to sports events, is also designed for cultural events. In
addition, there are new locations for leisure activities: sports and
skate areas, clubs, etc.
For the development and creativity of
residents, a multidisciplinary Center for Children's Creativity, a music
and art school and a city library, a Committee for Youth Affairs, and a
children's health camp "Nadezhda" function.
Every year in the
summer, a competition is held to improve the city among enterprises and
citizens.
Since 2018, the city has been participating in various
regional and federal city improvement projects. The most ambitious, loud
and controversial was Tynda's victory in the All-Russian competition for
the best projects to create a comfortable urban environment in 2020 with
the BAMovsky Arbat project, which was recognized as one of the best
improvement initiatives in Russia and was put into operation at the end
of 2021. The recreational area that makes up the Arbat stretches for
several blocks. The very idea and implementation of the "Bamovsky Arbat"
was met differently by the townspeople, in particular, the cost of the
project - 120 million rubles, frightened, there were many skeptical
moods regarding the very expediency of building this alley. However,
this program was one of the first after decades of stagnation in the
development of the city.
In 2019, the main square of the city -
the 25th anniversary of the BAM and the adjacent territory was
completely reconstructed.
In 2021, a square near the Music School
was created from scratch, with a large installation with the name of the
city visible to everyone entering the city along the Lena federal
highway.
In literature
“BAM, about which there has been so much noise in
recent years, is directly related to the Battle of Stalingrad. True,
until 1941 it was called BAMlag, and of everything that the NKVD managed
to create on the bones of “enemies of the people”, only the Tynda
station survived, where it would be necessary to erect a monument not to
the Komsomol volunteers, but to them - beaten, hungry, dying and shot
right on the rails." (V. S. Pikul "Square of the Fallen Fighters").
In music
Tynda is mentioned in the song of the Bravo group
"Moscow Bit".
There are many sculptures in the city, most of which are dedicated to
the construction of the BAM.
Lenin monument. Established on the
occasion of the 40th anniversary of the October Revolution, it has been
repeatedly postponed. Now it is located in the square near the Musical
School;
Monument-monument to Tyndinsky countrymen who died during the
Great Patriotic War. It was originally made from parts of a dismantled
bridge across the Tynda River. By the 65th anniversary of the Victory,
parts of the bridge were removed, their place was taken by a slab of
black granite;
Bust of Hero of the Soviet Union Viktor Petrovich
Miroshnichenko. Initially stood at the village council, then moved to
the Tyndinsky railway station;
Steam locomotive-monument Ea−3246.
Installed on Vokzalnaya Square in honor of the 30th anniversary of BAM;
Monument to the memory of the Tyndints who died in local wars. Located
on the "Bamovsky Arbat";
A stone from the first kilometer of the
eastern section of BAM with the inscription "Give BAM!". Installed on
the square of the 25th anniversary of BAM. On the first kilometers of
the BAM laying, the stone got stuck in the excavator bucket so that it
was not possible to move the bucket for a long time. After the
successful rescue of the excavator, it was decided to turn a piece of
rock into a sculpture dedicated to the courage and work of the builders
of the highway;
Sculpture "Bridgebuilder". A man with a sledgehammer,
installed by Mostostroy-10;
Memorial plaque in honor of the soldiers
of the BAM railway troops;
Monument "For fidelity to duty", dedicated
to the employees of the internal affairs department who died in the line
of duty.
Dismantled sculptures:
"Woman with child" It was
installed opposite the Arbat, the name is unknown;
The stele in honor
of the BAM builders was located on the former city square. It consisted
of four vertical rails of different heights, symbolically reflecting the
branches of the BAM, on the front side of the pedestal there was an
inscription: "Komsomolsk - Taishet - Tynda - Berkakit". The author of
the project is the architect Kapilov. The stele has not survived to this
day. It was dismantled in connection with the construction of
residential buildings in the area of Sportivnaya Street;
Monument
to drivers-pioneers of AYAM in honor of the first day of motorists.
The name of the city comes from the Tynda river of the same name (Zeya basin). The hydronym goes back to the Evenk “tendy”, the root of which “ten-” is translated as “flat pass”, “forest on a flat watershed”, “terraced coast”, and the derivative “tendi” means “coastal”, “tende” - a place, where deer graze.
the Russian Empire
According to one version, the
name goes back to the Evenk “tenda”, the root of which “ten-” is
translated as “flat pass”, “forest on a level watershed”, “terraced
coast”, and the derivative “tendi” means “coastal”, “tende "- a
place where deer graze.
In the 1850s, mining engineer Pavel
Anosov discovered the first gold deposits in the rivers flowing near
the current city of Tynda. According to archival data, in 1907-1908,
the Tyndinsky resettlement site was formed on the site of Tynda. The
site was designed for the development of the Far East and was
designed for 108 male migrants. 6058 dessiatines were allocated for
building. However, the site was never inhabited at that time.
In 1917, the village of Tyndinsky became a transshipment point
for gold miners, in the same year there was the first mention of it.
1920-1950s
According to the 1924 census, 180 people lived in
the village.
The settlement acquired a "second life" in 1937,
when the development of the Far East required a railway, which was
built by the forces of prisoners of the BAMlag. Already on November
1 of the same year, the first steam locomotive set off on the BAM -
Tynda branch. Soon, the settlement acquires the status of a
settlement and becomes one of the largest settlements in the north
of the Amur Region: according to the population census conducted in
1939, about four thousand people lived there. On February 17, 1941,
the settlement of Tynda was transformed into a working settlement of
Tyndinsky.
A plan was developed to improve the village,
according to which in 1943 the village was to become a city, and by
1951 it was to become a regional center. The Great Patriotic War
changed the plans for the development of BAM. The war did not allow
the village of Tyndinsky to become a city and capital of the Amur
region. The railroad tracks were removed and sent to the front. Food
was rarely delivered to the village and only from Blagoveshchensk.
After the separation of the Amur Region from the Khabarovsk
Territory, in 1948 the Tyndinsky (then still Dzheltulak) district,
which was part of the Chita Region, became part of the Amur Region.
1960-1990s
For the first time in many years, the village was
remembered in the mid-1960s, when the BAM was again needed. After
the highway began to approach the village, it was renamed and
received the status of a city. On November 15, 1975, the settlement
became the city of Tynda. BAM builders from various republics of the
USSR settled in a new city, which they began to call the capital of
BAM. There was a large influx of population. By the end of the
1990s, according to unofficial data, the city's population should
have reached one hundred thousand people. The construction of BAM
proceeded at a rapid pace, and already in 1979 the first train from
Tynda left for Moscow, and in 1984 a fast passenger train set off on
the Tynda - Moscow route. In 1984, a meeting of the All-Union
Komsomol Shock Detachments (SVUKO) took place in the city, the
construction of a new microdistrict with nine-storey buildings
began, and in 1986 four sixteen-storey residential buildings were
commissioned, which until recently were the highest buildings in the
region.
In 1985, the foundation was laid for the future shoe
factory, which has remained the foundation, and a new meat and dairy
plant was launched. In 1986, the supply of food and raw materials to
the city was significantly curtailed. Cargo transportation along BAM
has decreased tenfold. But despite this, the city developed,
according to the 1989 census, 62.3 thousand people lived in the
city. The population reached its peak in January 1991, according to
the census, 65 thousand people lived in the city. But by the end of
the 1990s, there were about 47 thousand people in the city. A sharp
outflow of the population began. The city passed into the category
of unpromising, the number of jobs was reduced, the construction of
residential buildings was stopped. The government recognized the
line as unprofitable.
2000 - present
In the post-Soviet
years, there was a greater outflow of population in the city:
according to the 2002 census - 40.28 thousand people, in 2009 - 37.8
thousand people, according to the 2010 census about 35.5 thousand
people, in 2011 it was registered 37 thousand people.
In
1997, BAM was disbanded, its western section was attached to the
East Siberian Railway, and the eastern one, as part of the Tyndinsky
and Urgalsky branches, to the Far East. A period of stagnation is
established in the city for almost fifteen years.
On June 27,
2005, the municipal council approved the charter of Tynda.
Until 2010, there was no mass development in Tynda. In the spring
of 2010, in order to relocate citizens from dilapidated and
dilapidated housing, a plan for the Severny microdistrict appeared,
which will be built up with new two-three-story houses. During
2013—2014, the Severny microdistrict should be built up with houses
made of pre-fabricated materials. For this, it was decided to build
an enterprise for the production of prefabricated houses, but due to
the high costs, it was decided to purchase materials in another
city. In the near future, it is planned to build and commission a
waste processing plant. The appearance of the plant will lead to the
emergence of new specialties in educational institutions of the city
and, possibly, to an influx of population.
In 2012, the
reconstruction of the main city stadium BAM began, which will be
completed by the summer of 2013.
On September 18, 2012, for
the first time in several years in the city, an apartment building
was commissioned, the construction of which began in the early
2000s, but was suspended. In 2011, construction was resumed, and
within a year 55 families received apartments.
On December
14, 2012, the mayor of the city, Mark Schultz, who was the oldest
head of the city in Russia, died. The election of a new mayor was
held on May 19, 2013, in which the ex-i won. about. Mayor Evgeny
Cherenkov. In September 2018, the representative of the Communist
Party of the Russian Federation Marina Mikhailova won the mayoral
elections.
In 2013, within the framework of the federal
program "Development of Russian Airports", it is planned to begin a
large-scale reconstruction of the Tyndinsky airport, the regular
service of which was canceled at the end of 2008. The total cost of
the work will be about 2.7 billion rubles. In 2016, regular flights
were resumed.
By train
Railway station, Privokzalnaya street, 1. The station
building was built in 1986 and is considered the highest in the Far East
region - 48 meters. The shape of the building resembles the silhouette
of a bird.
By car
the highway from south to north through
Tynda is of better quality than west - east. Attention hitchhikers! in
this part of Russia it is dangerous because of the large number of
bears.
On the ship
Opportunity is missing. the river is not
navigable.
Public transport Tynda - several bus routes of different sizes. there is also a choice of taxis.
Hotel Yunost, st. Krasnaya Presnya, 49. An ordinary post-Soviet hotel
with 69 rooms.
Mini-hotel Safari, st. Krasnoarmeiskaya, 7. Hotel with
30 rooms (60 beds).
Mini-hotel Tayozhnaya, st. Soviet, d.59. Small
hotel with 9 rooms (18 beds)
Mini-hotel Rizhskaya, st. Rizhskaya, 4.
Small hotel with 7 rooms (14 beds)
Railway station lounges.
Convenient for those who need to sleep while waiting for the train. The
rooms are very different, from multi-bed rooms to suites. Payment is
possible both for a day, and for 12 or 6 hours.
The city is located on the Tynda River (Amur basin), 839 km from Blagoveshchensk, to Moscow by rail about 6.7 thousand km, by air about 5.1 thousand km. Located in the eastern part, at the confluence of the Getkan with the Tynda, at an altitude of more than 500 m above sea level. A large transport hub in the northwest of the Amur Region, where the Taishet-Urgal and Bamovskaya-Berkakit lines intersect. Willow, birch, conifers, poplar, mountain ash, bird cherry grow in the city. The main part of the vegetation is taiga.
The city of Tynda is equated with the regions of the Far North.
Tynda has a sharply continental climate with monsoon features.
Summers are short but warm, winters are cold and dry.
The
earliest frosts in the city were recorded on August 10, 1984.
On
August 29, 2005, 55 mm of precipitation in the form of snow fell in the
city.
The earliest thunderstorm in the history of the city took place
on April 20, 2012.
May 3, 2010 in Tynda and Tyndinsky district, the
monthly norm of precipitation fell, for the first time in May in the
form of snow.
On October 14, 2011, Tynda was hit by the strongest
earthquake in the history of the city, with a magnitude of 5.9.
On
August 6, 2022, an emergency mode was introduced in the city and the
district: due to incessant rains, the Tynda River overflowed its banks,
flooding private houses located in close proximity to the coastal zone.
The flood flooded the BAM sports stadium, destroyed two bridges,
completely cutting off about a thousand residents of the Tayozhny and
Belenky microdistricts from the city center.
Tyndinsky region of the Far Eastern Railway;
PJSC
Bamstroymekhanizatsiya, the largest company in the Far East (for 2018,
the average number of employees is 373 people), specializing in the
construction of railways and highways. The annual turnover is more than
10 billion rubles. The main sponsor of many social projects.
LPK
"Tyndales", the largest timber industry complex in Russia. (The
organization is in the process of liquidation)
There are many railway
transport enterprises in the city: locomotive and carriage depots,
linear enterprises.
Mostostroy-10 is the largest enterprise
specializing in the construction of railway lines and bridges.
The plant for the production of soft drinks "Rosinka" was liquidated
due to bankruptcy.
The meat and dairy plant was closed due to the
lack of raw materials in Tynda.
Tyndinsky factory for the production
of bread, in 2008 the bakery was closed; bread is baked by two dozen
smaller enterprises.
Five-digit telephone numbering operates in Tynda, the area code is
41656. The main fixed-line operators are OJSC Transsvyaztelecom, numbers
begin with "5" and "9", PJSC Rostelecom (formerly Dalsvyaz), numbers
begin with "3" and "4" and Russian Railways, the numbers start with "7".
Cellular communications are provided by three all-Russian GSM operators:
MTS, Beeline and MegaFon.
Automotive
Tynda is a transport hub. The A360 Lena federal highway
and the BAM and AYAM railway lines intersect here. Public transport of
the city is represented by buses, fixed-route taxis and taxis.
Aviation
In 1965, on the basis of the runway, built during the Great
Patriotic War, an airport appeared in the city. Until 2008, the airport
received An-24 / An-26 and lighter aircraft. Due to the peculiarities of
the mountainous terrain, the airport was not able to receive wide-body
aircraft due to the difficult glide path when landing. Since 2008, the
airport has received and sent mainly charter flights. On November 1,
2012, Tynda Airport became part of the federal enterprise Airports of
the Amur Region.
In 2013, a large-scale reconstruction of
Tyndinsky Airport was planned: the runway was extended to 2.5 kilometers
and expanded to 45 meters. However, the reconstruction did not start due
to lack of budget.
Again, the reconstruction of the airport
terminal and the adjacent territory was reported in 2021, when the
transport issue of the remote and northern regions of the region again
turned out to be relevant. The first large-scale update will take place
from 2022 to 2024 and should be completed by the 50th anniversary of
BAM. In addition, regular flights were resumed with Chita, Irkutsk,
Khabarovsk, Vladivostok and Blagoveshchensk. Transportation is carried
out by the airlines "SiLA", "Aurora" and "IrAero".
Railway
The
city's railway station was opened on May 26, 1986, replacing a wooden
hut that had served as a ticket office since 1976. The station complex
is unique in many respects: the station building has a complex broken
shape depicting the silhouette of a bird. The height of the towers is 48
meters, which makes the station building the tallest in the Far East. In
terms of area, the station is considered the largest in the Amur region
- 4000 m².
In 1984, the project of the station building was
awarded third place in the international architectural competition in
Sofia.
The station is an important transport hub in the region,
with a capacity of up to 2,000 passengers per day. More than a dozen
pairs of passenger and suburban trains depart from here every day,
including the only branded train in the region - "Gilyuy"
Tynda-Blagoveshchensk, as well as several dozen freight trains.
The very first school number 1 (now number 7) in Tynda was located on
the street. 2nd Five-Year Plan, today school No. 2 is located on this
site (now Sportivnaya Street). After the merger of some educational
institutions, gymnasium No. 2 merged with schools No. 1 and No. 5, 5
schools remained in the city.
In Tynda there is a technical school of
railway transport and a branch of the Far Eastern State University of
Communications (FEGUPS), merged in 2007 into the Baikal-Amur Institute -
a branch of the Far Eastern State University of Communications in Tynda.
There are also branches of other educational institutions in the city.
healthcare
GBUZ JSC "Tynda Dental Clinic"
NHI "Departmental
hospital at Tynda station"
GAUZ JSC "Tynda hospital" (central
district hospital)
Children's Consulting Hospital
Private medical
center "Spring of Health".
Level II Trauma Center, which allows
operations of any complexity. It is the only largest institution of this
type in the northern part of the region.
Every year the city hosts sports contests of the city's schools and
enterprises. The city has various sports facilities:
Youth School
No. 2 "Lokomotiv", basketball, freestyle wrestling, athletics, sambo,
table tennis, weightlifting, the best basketball team in the region.
Youth School No. 3, cross-country skiing, alpine skiing, hockey - the
best Avangard hockey team in the region.
Youth School No. 4
"Olympus", swimming, football, table tennis, basketball, volleyball,
tennis.
Ski slope "Ust-Koral", the only one in the region.
Under
construction, the largest in the sports complex in the Amur region. The
total area of the complex will be more than 28 thousand m². Construction
will be completed by the 50th anniversary of BAM.
Scraper-like implements made of massive knife-like plates from the altar of the Getkanskaya Pisanitsa are dated to about 5 thousand years ago. n. and find analogues in the Neolithic sites of the Upper Amur, Yakutia and Northern Sakhalin.