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Volzhsky is a city in the Volgograd region of Russia. The city
forms an urban district, the city of Volzhsky. It is one of the
largest industrial cities in the Lower Volga region, the second
largest in the region and 60th in the list of cities in Russia.
Population: 323.6 thousand people. (2019). Together with Volgograd,
it forms the core of the Volgograd agglomeration, with a total
population of 1.3-1.4 million people.
Volzhsky is located on
the left bank of the Akhtuba River, 20 kilometers north-east of the
center of Volgograd. The city is adjacent to the Traktorozavodsky
District of Volgograd along the dam of the Volzhskaya HPP.
It arose in 1951 as a settlement during the construction of the Volzhskaya hydroelectric power station (at that time - "Stalingradskaya"). Since 1954 - the city of Volzhsky.
In the XIV century, one or several Golden Horde
settlements existed on the site of the Volzhsky town. Detachments of
Nogais, Kalmyks and Karakalpaks roamed here, not allowing the
settled population to settle. Since 1634, the Kalmyks regularly made
the Khan's headquarters in the vicinity of Montokhoy, in the area of
modern Kilyakovka crossing into the floodplain using the only
sandy ford. Tsaritsyn's commandants tried to move the headquarters
of the Kalmyk khans down the Akhtuba, which was done only after the
death of Peter I.
Early attempts at sericulture in 1729-1756
(private of the Simbirsk merchant Dukhov) and in 1756-1764
(state-owned Astrakhan Garden Office) led to the organization of
mulberry plantations and the settlement of the first two settlements
in the upper Akhtuba by former fugitive peasants who received the
status of state peasants.
Since 1757, on the site of the city
(its southwestern part), there was the village of Bezrodnoye, also
known as Verkhnyaya Akhtuba or Verkhne-Akhtubinsky town. The name of
the village came from the runaway people who settled here - people
without family. Although they were not Cossacks, they were also
freedom-loving people. The founders of the village are the
lieutenant of the Austrian Serbian-Slavonian Pandur regiment,
located on the territory of the Hungarian crown, in the Russian
service in a similar rank since 1748, since 1752 director of the
Astrakhan Garden Office, major since 1759 Ivan Andreevich Porobich
(Parobich), Serb by nationality , a great specialist in viticulture
and lieutenant Ivan Eremeevich Tsypletev (1726-1797), later the
commandant of Tsaritsyn, his brave defender from the troops of
Pugachev. At the call of Parobich, the fugitives who had been living
illegally among the Cossacks of the Tsaritsyn watch line for years
earlier began to populate the bank of the Akhtuba River. However,
silkworm specialists did not go to Akhtuba and the construction of
the plant was frozen until better times. Under Catherine II in
1765-1766, a silk factory was built on the territory now occupied by
the Volzhsky. In 1764, the territory of the plant was transferred
from the Garden Office to the provincial chancellery, and in 1766
intensive construction of the plant began in the area of modern
upper Kilyakovka. The plant was closed in 1800.
The village
was then located parallel to the Akhtuba River, from the current
village of Rabochiy to the Loginov stadium. Further, to the area of
the river port, there were rare gardens, and villagers lived in
separate yards.
By 1917, about 20 thousand people lived in
the village.
The village was badly damaged during the Battle
of Stalingrad.
As a settlement, the village of Bezrodnoye
existed until the end of the 1950s, when the last of its inhabitants
were relocated to the new buildings of Volzhsky.
Today, only
a few buildings of ancient architecture remind of the village of
Bezrodny. Among them there is an art gallery, or rather, the rural
municipality government of the village of Bezrodny, built in 1881,
and the former steam mill, built in 1911, which is located at st.
Soviet, 2a.
Foundation of the city
The impetus for the
foundation of a new settlement on the site of the village of
Verkhnyaya Akhtuba was the construction of the Stalingrad
hydroelectric power station. The head of the construction
organization "Stalingradgidrostroy", which carried out this
construction, was appointed Fedor Georgievich Loginov, who is
considered the founder of the city. The builders were housed in the
houses of the villagers. Construction management was also
transferred from Stalingrad to this place. Later,
Stalingradgidrostroy was renamed Volgogradgidrostroy. This
construction organization carried out the development of the city,
including industrial enterprises. Also "Volgogradgidrostroy" took
part in the construction of a memorial complex on the Mamayev Kurgan
in Volgograd.
On the construction of the Stalingrad
hydroelectric power station and the village, about 20 thousand
prisoners of the Akhtuba forced labor camp (which was part of the
Stalingradhydrostroy of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs; the
camp lasted until May 1953) worked. The prisoners were involved in
the construction of residential buildings, social and cultural
facilities, water supply and sewerage systems on the left bank of
the Volga.
On January 9, 1951, they began to dig a foundation
pit for the foundation of the first stone house. Eight houses were
completed by the end of the year. One of them has been converted
into the Znamya cinema, the first in the city.
As a
settlement Volzhsky was registered in 1952. At that time 10 thousand
people lived in it. The first department store opened in June 1952.
At the beginning of 1953, a bakery was built. In the summer of 1954,
hospital buildings, a maternity hospital, and an infectious diseases
building were opened.
On July 22, 1954, by the Decree of the
Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, the Volzhsky
settlement was transformed into the Volzhsky city of regional
subordination, in connection with the construction of the Stalingrad
hydroelectric power station (1950-1961). This date is annually
celebrated by the Volzhans as City Day. At that time, the population
of the city was 30 thousand.
In January 1955, the second
cinema, Energetik, was opened.
In March 1956 - the
Volgogradgidrostroy Palace of Culture.
On August 1, 1955, the Central Stadium, which later received the
name of the founder of the city, F. Loginov, began to receive
athletes and spectators.
In June 2010, the anthem of the city
of Volzhsky was approved (words and music by Evgeny Kryukov).