Description of KarabikhaKarabikha is a small village located 15 kilometers South of Yaroslavl. It is most famous as a residence of a famous native of Yaroslavl and great Russian poet Nikolay Nekrasov. He spent several months a year in this residence, creating some of the more memorable poems of his career. The main residence of Karabikha was constructed in 1720's and 1730's for Golitsyn noble family. At first it was a wooden mansion, but later it was replaced in stone. In 1861 Nikolai Nekrasov bought the estate, but he didn't keep it for himself. Instead he gave it to his brother Theodore who had a large family. Nevertheless Nekrasov spent a lot of time here annually. His son Konstantin Nekrasov was born in the estate. After the October Russian Revolution the estate was nationalized by a new government and in 1946 it was turned into a museum. Nekrasov became famous for his criticism of Imperial Russia and sympathy for common people. Thus his estate became a symbol for the newly established Communist government and escaped destruction unlike many other historic mansions around Yaroslavl.
Nekrasov N.A. Literary Memorial Museum-Reserve
"Karabikha" is located 15 km from Yaroslavl near the village of
Krasnye Tkachi.
Until the beginning of the 18th century. next
to the estate was the village of Bogorodskoye. At the beginning of
the 18th century. the village and the adjacent lands began to be
owned by the family of princes Golitsyn. In the 1740s. by order of
Prince Nikolai Sergeevich Golitsyn, the construction of the estate
located on Karabitovaya Gora began. This estate became the largest
in the Yaroslavl province. The name of the architect has not
survived to this day. The estate got its name from the name of the
mountain - Karabikha. Subsequently, they began to call the village
in which the estate is located.
In Karabikh, as in none of
the 18th century estates. in the Yaroslavl region, its original
appearance has been preserved. The manor belongs to the palace type,
typical of the era of classicism. The manor complex includes: 2
parks (regular and landscape), a residential building, a system of
ponds and outbuildings.
The base of the ensemble is the main
house with two wings. Previously, the house and outbuildings housed
two-storey covered galleries, which united all buildings into a
single whole. The main house is a stone two-story building with
gables on the columns, verandas and a gazebo. Behind the house there
is a descent to Kotorosl.
The interior of the building has
retained decorative elements from the late 18th - early 19th
centuries. In the wings, fragments of baroque platbands,
semicircular finishing of windows, characteristic of the earlier
architectural period, have been preserved.
The horse yard on
the estate dates back to the early 19th century. and originally had
a symmetrical composition, which consisted of three parts: the main
building and two carriages. At the beginning of the 20th century.
instead of the northern coach house, a two-story residential
building was built.
The parks included in the estate are
conventionally called Upper and Lower. The upper one is located next
to the main house, it is of the French type - well-groomed, neat,
with trimmed shrubs and trees, each object has its own place. The
lower park is behind the house. This is a typical English park -
natural, at first it seems neglected, but, nevertheless, each
planting here is in a place specially allocated for it. In a large
glade of this particular park, Nekrasov arranged his readings. At
the edge of the Lower Park there is the Gremikha water cascade,
which is created by a stream flowing through the Lower and Upper and
ponds and forming waterfalls and shallow ponds.
At the
beginning of the 19th century. M.N. Golitsyn began the
reconstruction of the estate, as a result, the estate complex took
the form in which it has survived to our time. In 1827, after the
death of M.N. Golitsyn, the estate remained ownerless, began to
decline. In 1861, Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov bought the estate
from the descendants of Golitsyn for summer holidays. He settled
here with his brother, Fedor, who took over all the household
chores.
In Karabikh, Nikolai Nekrasov wrote his famous poems
"Russian women", "Frost, Red nose". Here he worked on the poem "Who
Lives Well in Russia". The last time the poet visited the estate was
in 1875.
In 1918 the estate was nationalized. Despite the
fact that the estate had the status of a historical monument, it
housed the Burlaki state farm. In 1946, it was decided to
reconstruct this monument and organize a memorial museum for
Nekrasov. At first, the museum was a branch of the local history
museum, and since 1988, it was transformed into a literary-memorial
museum-reserve with branches in Greshnevo and Abbakumtsevo. In 2002,
the large manor house was opened after nearly ten years of
restoration.
The museum funds contain more than 20 thousand
items, including interior items, personal belongings of people.
Those who lived in the estate, portraits, estate furnishings. The
collection of amateur photographs from the turn of the 19th and 20th
centuries is of great interest. with portraits of the owners of the
estate and its views. The library holdings of the museum include
more than 15 thousand rare magazines and books of the 18th-early
20th centuries. Here you can see the first editions of N.A.
Nekrasov, lifetime and posthumous editions of his works, 7 books
from Nekrasov's library, magazines that he published, issues of
magazines with which he collaborated. At the end of the 20th
century. the exposition of the museum was replenished with a
collection of crystal and glassware from the 19th century. and a
letter to M.N. Golitsyn from A.I. Musin-Pushkin 1808