Yurino (miner. Yӱrnӹ) is an urban-type settlement in Russia, the
administrative center of the Yurinsky district of the Republic of
Mari El. It forms the eponymous municipal formation Yurino with the
status of an urban settlement as the only settlement in its
composition.
Population - 2770 people. (2020).
The
city is located on the left bank of the Volga (Cheboksary reservoir)
at the mouth of the Vetluga. During the construction of the
Cheboksary HPP, the settlement turned out to be below the flooding
level. Currently protected by dams.
The village is located
198 km southwest of Yoshkar-Ola. The nearest railway station is
located 80 km southeast of the village, in Cheboksary.
The first mention of the settlement is in 1227. It has been known
as a village since 1721. The status of an urban-type settlement -
since 1927.
Hero of the Soviet Union Pavel Aleksandrovich
Tezikov was born in the village.
Sheremetev Castle (1880)
Sheremetev Castle is a palace and park ensemble in the village of
Yurino of the Republic of Mari El, on the banks of the Volga. State
budgetary institution of culture of the Republic of Mari El. It is
an architectural monument of federal significance.
History
The history of the castle began in 1812, when the village of Yurino
was bought by the richest landowner of the Nizhny Novgorod province,
Vasily Sergeevich Sheremetev, the grand-nephew of Count Sheremetev,
Field Marshal Peter I. Since that time, the construction of a new
estate began, which continued under Sergei Vasilyevich Sheremetev.
However, the main builders of the castle were Vasily Petrovich
Sheremetev, his wife Olga Dmitrievna Sheremeteva (Skobeleva) and
their son Pyotr Vasilyevich Sheremetev. The construction of the
castle began in 1874 and was completed in 1915, a year before the
death of Pyotr Vasilyevich.
The castle was partially built by
1880 according to the design of the German architect R. Müller in
the late neo-Gothic style. Architects A. Stern, A. Parland, A. Korsh
also participated in the development of the project. In the 1890s,
the architect SK Rodionov worked on the building. From 1905 to 1914
the architect P.P. Malinovsky worked on the castle project.
The owners of the castle were Vasily Petrovich and Olga Dmitrievna
Sheremetevs. O.D.Sheremeteva was the sister of the famous general
M.D.Skobelev, who repeatedly visited them. The owners themselves
collected in the castle a large collection of old firearms and edged
weapons, including personal belongings belonging to Skobelev. In
1916, after the death of their son, who by that time owned the
castle, the heirs left Yurin.
There are many rooms in the
castle: "Picture Gallery", "East Study", "Oak Room", "Skobelevsky
Hall". In addition to the palace, a stone fence and service
buildings, parterre and landscape parks with ponds have been
preserved. The total area of the estate with the park is over 60
hectares.
After the revolution, the castle housed: a
sanatorium, a rest house. During the Great Patriotic War, the castle
housed a hospital and relatives of senior officials evacuated from
Moscow.
The castle was visited by Vladimir Galaktionovich
Korolenko, who described its sights, the artist Ivan Konstantinovich
Aivazovsky visited the castle.
Modernity
In the 1990s, the
interior of the castle was in a deplorable state. Visitors were
greeted by peeling walls of completely empty rooms, which made a
depressing impression on the few tourists. Currently, the castle is
being restored, part of the building is used as a hotel complex. The
Skobelev Readings are held annually in honor of the renowned
commander of the Russian army. Since the beginning of the
restoration, the castle is visited by about 20 thousand tourists a
year.
Transport accessibility
Sheremetev Castle is located
along highways 180 km from Cheboksary (including a ferry across the
Volga), 198 km from Yoshkar-Ola, 240 km from Nizhny Novgorod; route
taxis are connected with the last two cities. In the warm season, on
weekends, a tourist motor ship runs along the Volga from Cheboksary
- the distance along the river is 80 km.
Michael the Archangel Church (1889)
Economy
Timber and
woodworking enterprises
Archeology
Near Yurino, on the
left bank of the Volga River, in the area where the Vetluga River
flows into it, there is the Ust-Vetluzhsky (Yurinsky) burial ground
- an archaeological monument, a Bronze Age soil burial ground of the
Seima-Turbino type.