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Zadonsk - a city (since 1779) in Russia, the administrative center of the Zadonsky district of the Lipetsk region. It is located within the Central Russian Upland in a picturesque area on the left bank of the Don River, in the immediate vicinity of the M4 Don highway, 60 km from Lipetsk and 80 km from Voronezh. It forms the eponymous municipality Zadonsk city with the status of urban settlement as the only settlement in its composition. Population - 9614 people. (2018). Until 1779, the settlement of Teshevka, was located along the river Teshevka, which flows into the city of Don, was located on the site of Zadonsk.
Monuments of history and architecture of Zadonsk:
Zadonsky
Nativity-Bogoroditsky Monastery;
Church of the Assumption of the
Blessed Virgin Mary (1800), made in the style of classicism;
Trinity Church, built at the end of the 19th century. It was one of
the first opened in Soviet times, in the early 1970s. In addition,
this is the only temple in Zadonsk where baptisms and weddings are
performed;
Ulrich House, built at the beginning of the 19th
century and named after the last pre-revolutionary owners;
The
building of the former women's gymnasium, where the school of arts
is located;
Monument to V. I. Lenin;
Monument to penicillin;
Monument to the microscope;
Monument to Mother Maria Frolova;
There are also two women's monasteries in the vicinity of Zadonsk.
Zadonsky local history museum, st. Krupskaya, d.62-a.
It arose as the Teshevka settlement at the Teshevsk (later Zadonsk)
Bogoroditsky Monastery founded around 1610. It was first mentioned in
the payment books of the Zasosensky camp of the Yelets district in 7123
(1615): “Behind the monastery, under the Teshev forest, the Teshevskaya
settlement on the Teshevka river on the top.”
The monastery was
founded by monks Kirill and Gerasim, immigrants from the Moscow
Sretensky Monastery, who brought here a list from the Vladimir Icon of
the Mother of God, which later became famous as miraculous. In 1769, the
Bishop of Voronezh Tikhon (Timofei Savelyevich Sokolovsky), who retired
for health reasons, settled in the monastery - the famous hierarch and
spiritual writer. In Zadonsk, his main spiritual works "True
Christianity", "Letters in Cell", "A Spiritual Treasure Collected from
the World" and others were written. In 1861 Tikhon Zadonsky was
canonized as a saint.
On September 25, 1779, during the formation
of the Voronezh vicegerency, the Teshevka settlement was transformed
into the county town of Zadonsk at its location (relative to the capital
of Russia - St. Petersburg) across the Don River. The original,
according to the imperial decree, the name of the city was Zadonskaya,
it was transformed into a shorter Zadonsk later.
On September 21,
1781, according to the highest approved report of the Senate "On the
approval of coats of arms for the cities of the Voronezh governorship",
Zadonsk was given a coat of arms. They became "beyond the Don River, a
tower built in a silver field, signifying the true position of this
city."
On March 19, 1782, the master plan for the development of
Zadonsk was approved, according to which the architectural appearance of
the city was subsequently formed.
On August 13, 1861, an event
took place in Zadonsk that made the city one of the Orthodox centers of
Russia - the discovery of the holy relics of St. Tikhon of Zadonsk. A
large number of pilgrims from all over Russia became the basis of the
city's economy, focused on serving visitors. In the 19th century, the
holy fool Anthony Monkin lived here.
At the end of the 19th -
beginning of the 20th centuries, several small enterprises operated in
the city - 2 mills, a lard and a wax factory, several tile-brick
industries and a branch of the Yelets tobacco factory. There were
several educational institutions for secondary education in the city: a
school for artisan students, a higher primary school, a county religious
school, and the Zadonsk women's gymnasium.
The life of the famous
military leader and statesman, General N. N. Muravyov-Karssky (buried in
Zadonsk), the brother of the Decembrist A. N. Muravyov, is connected
with Zadonsk and Zadonsk district.
At the beginning of the 20th
century, a cinematograph appeared in the city. It was one of the first
provincial cinemas in the Russian Empire. It is likely that it is he who
is described in the famous poem "Cinema" by Osip Mandelstam (it is known
that the poet visited Zadonsk). The cinema was created by a local
nobleman Vorobyevsky.
On February 3 (16), 1918, Soviet power was established in Zadonsk.
On September 5, 1919, Zadonsk was taken by the cavalry of the 4th
Don Corps, Lieutenant General K. K. Mamontov, who did not stay in the
city.
In the period from 1920 to 1922, values, lands and
buildings that previously belonged to the Zadonsk Nativity of the Mother
of God Monastery were described. In total, about 960 kg of valuables
were described and removed from the churches of the Zadonsk district. In
particular, 912 kg of silver and all the precious stones found in the
area were taken out of the Zadonsky Monastery.
On May 12, 1924,
the Zadonsk district was abolished, Zadonsk became part of the Voronezh
district.
On July 30, 1928, Zadonsk became the center of the
newly formed Zadonsk region as part of the Central Black Earth Region,
after its disaggregation, on June 13, 1934, together with the region, it
became part of the Voronezh region, and on September 27, 1937, it became
part of the newly formed Oryol region.
In 1930, a school for the
education of deaf and dumb children was built, now it is the Zadonsk
special boarding school.
During the Great Patriotic War, the city
was twice attacked by German aircraft. In 1941, a school for training
saboteurs was opened in the city. After October 3, 1941, it was
transformed into a training center for partisan detachments and
saboteurs. Quote - “According to the memorandum of the NKGB Directorate
(separated from the NKVD on April 14, 1943) in the Orel region No. 1-4 /
67 on intelligence and sabotage work, the Oryol [school] continued its
work in the city of Zadonsk until June 1942. “.” Approximately 280
people have been trained there. In the autumn of 1941, a new military
airfield was built near Zadonsk, object number 324, M. Yu. Zapol was
engaged in the construction. The airfield consisted of two runways paved
with red brick, bombers took off from one, and fighter pilots from the
second. In 1941, the 97th short-range bomber regiment was based at this
airfield.
On January 6, 1954, Zadonsk and the Zadonsk region from
the Oryol region were transferred to the newly created Lipetsk region.
After the war, the work of school institutions was gradually
restored. The work of the children's school for the deaf and dumb was
reorganized; in 1943 it received the status of a boarding school. Until
1960, it occupied the building of the noble estate of A. A. Saveliev and
P. S. Kozhin. In 1947, on August 21, the Zadonsk College of
Mechanization and Electrification of Agriculture was organized. In 1950,
the Zadonsky bakery was opened. In 1962, a three-story new building was
built for the previously opened technical school. A vegetable drying
plant, a butter factory and a printing house were opened and started
working. Also in the 1950s and 1960s, the Raypromkombinat worked in the
city, producing joinery, furniture, tiles, and lime. In 1963, a library
department was opened to train librarians of an average level of
qualification.
On May 9, 1966, an obelisk in memory of the
Zadonsk people who died in the Great Patriotic War was opened. In 1973
the House of Culture was opened. In 1974, the workshop of the Voronezh
plant of color TV sets was organized, which received the name of the
Tsvetron plant. In 1981, a new building for school number one was built.
In 1983, the department of the history of the regional museum of local
lore was opened.
After 1993, some of the enterprises of Zadonsk gradually fell into
decay. For 2021, the Tsvetron TV assembly plant and the dairy are
completely closed and destroyed. The vegetable drying plant was
previously located on the territory of the Vladimir Monastery and was
closed; a new plant was not built.
In 2000, a bypass road was
built around Zadonsk. Prior to this, all heavy vehicles traveling along
the Don federal highway passed through this small town. However, when in
2010 the bypass became one of the toll sections of the M-4 Don highway,
all heavy trucks returned to the streets of Zadonsk. The flow of cars
goes around the clock.
In 2005, a granite embankment of the
Teshevka River was created. In 2005, the Yantar swimming pool was
opened. In 2015, the ice palace "Iceberg" was opened. In 2020, a
large-scale reconstruction of Victory Square was carried out.
By train
Ulusarka railway station is located 25 kilometers
from the city, which is located on the Yelets-Kastornoe branch.
By car
The city stands on the federal highway M4 "Don"
(bypass on the ring road).
By bus
Bus station,
Stepanishcheva Street, 5. The city's bus station provides regular
bus service to Lipetsk and the settlements of the region. Transit
flights to Voronezh, Moscow, Tula, Orel, Kaluga, Yelets, Efremov and
Novomoskovsk also pass through the bus station.
Zadonsk is located within the Central Russian Upland in the center of the East European Plain, in a picturesque area on the left bank of the Don River at the confluence of the Teshevka River.
The city of Zadonsk, like the entire Lipetsk region, is located in the MSC time zone (Moscow time). The applied time offset relative to UTC is +3:00.
Zadonsk has a temperate continental climate (in the Köppen
classification - Dfb), which depends on the northwestern oceanic and
eastern continental air masses interacting with each other. The climate
is moderate.
About 450 - 500 mm of precipitation falls annually.
The rainiest months are June, July and December, the least rainy are
September and November.
The average July temperature is plus 20.2
degrees Celsius. Summer is moderately warm and, by the standards of the
southern regions of Russia, not long.
The average temperature in
February is minus 7.1 degrees Celsius. Winters are cold and long.
sugar factory
mineral water bottling plant
bakery
meat shop
Special economic zone
In Zadonsk it is planned to create a
regional special economic zone of the tourist and recreational type
“Zadonshchina”. Its concept, commissioned by the administration of the
Lipetsk region, was developed by the Voronezhproekt Institute. According
to the project, cultural and entertainment centers, multifunctional
administrative buildings, hotel complexes, sports facilities, and
residential areas will be built in the city. In addition, there are ski
and roller skating tracks, routes for horseback riding, and walking
routes for pilgrims.
Born in the city:
Vasiliev, Alexander Vasilievich - Soviet naval
leader, 2nd rank flagship.
Levitsky, Stepan Mikhailovich - Russian
chess player.
Popov, Tikhon Ivanovich - Soviet party and statesman.
Tamara Pronina is an opera singer.
Zadonsky Nikolai - Russian Soviet
writer, poet, playwright, journalist, historian-researcher.
Garik
Sukachev and Sergei Galanin studied at the Zadonsk Communist Party of
Ukraine.