Zarechny is a city in the Penza region of Russia. It is a city of
regional significance, a closed administrative-territorial entity,
within the boundaries of which the eponymous municipal entity with
the status of the ZATO urban district of Zarechny was formed.
The flag of the city of Zarechny is the official symbol of the
ZATO city of Zarechny, Penza region of the Russian Federation. The
current flag of the city was established on February 21, 2006.
The city is located 6 km east of Penza, bordered by the Seliksa railway station on the Penza-Syzran line. The territory of the urban district is more than 2760 hectares. The built-up part of the territory is 840 hectares, of which 200 hectares are residential land, 186 hectares are public and business buildings, 311 hectares are public (squares, streets, driveways, roads, parks).
The history of the city dates back to the moment the
Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR dated July 20,
1954, No. 1461-661, providing for the construction of an instrument
plant No. 1134 and a city under it in Penza.
The construction
of the plant within the scope of the project was completed by the
end of 1961. A modern instrument-making plant was created, employing
over 4000 people. The production of 31 items of electromechanical
devices, pressure devices, automation units and other products was
mastered. Radio engineering production was established, an extensive
range of airborne and ground equipment for radio telemetry systems
was mastered, dozens of types of products developed by VNIIEF and
VNIIA were mastered.
In the early 1960s. the implementation
of the second stage of construction of the enterprise has begun,
which provides for the organization of a new production - the
assembly of nuclear weapons (NAM). The first special item,
independently assembled at the enterprise, was a nuclear warhead
developed by VNIITF (Snezhinsk) for the first ballistic missile with
an underwater launch. In subsequent years, the production of a wide
variety of nuclear warheads of various types and purposes was
mastered.
The construction of the plant led to the
accelerated creation of urban infrastructure. By the decree of the
Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of August 12, 1958 No.
724/4, the Zarechny district of the city of Penza was formed, which
on December 10, 1958 was allocated to the city of regional
subordination with the assignment of the name Zarechny.
By
the decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR of March 3, 1962
No. 223-107, the closed zone Penza-19 was created instead of the
city of regional subordination Zarechny.
In January 1992, the
historical name of Zarechny was returned to the city (decision of
the Small Council dated December 29, 1991 No. 31). Until 1994, the
city was absent on all maps. Until now, a special access regime has
been observed, provided for by the ZATO status, and on the M5
highway there is no direction indicator for entering the city.
On the territory of the city, in accordance with the Law of the
Russian Federation "On Closed Territorial and Administrative
Formations", a special regime of life has been established,
including special living conditions for citizens, regulated.
Since January 1, 2020, 20% of the allowance for the status of a
closed city administrative center has been removed from salaries in
the city's budgetary sphere.
Historical heritage of the city
territory
The oldest historical heritage of the city is
represented by two archaeological sites: the Akhun settlement and
the Zarechensky settlement.
Zarechenskoye settlement
Discovered in 1999, the settlement was dated within the 4th-11th
centuries. It is a large monument of ancient Mordovian culture. It
ceased to exist in connection with the colonization at the beginning
of the XI century. Volga Bulgaria of the Upper Seur lands.
Akhun settlement Dates back to the end of the 1st millennium BC. e.
- the middle of the 1st millennium A.D. e., is included in the list
of objects of historical and cultural heritage of federal
significance. Located within the city, on a steep cape in the
forest, on the southern edge of the Chemodan ravine; covers an area
of up to 350 sq. m.
The settlement was discovered in 1956
and surveyed in 1963, 1964, 1974. local historian MR Polesskikh, in
1959-69, 1972. V. A. Kalmykova, candidate of historical sciences, in
1999 G. N. Belybkin, doctor of historical sciences.
The
monument is included in the List of objects of historical and
cultural heritage of federal (all-Russian) significance (Resolution
of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR dated December 4, 1974 No.
624, Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated
February 20, 1995 No. 176.
From the XI to the XVII centuries.
the territory of the city was not inhabited. Later, until 1917, the
territory of Zarechny was part of the vast array of Zasur forests
and belonged to the state treasury. Individual parts of the
territory belonged to private individuals. During the years of
Soviet power, all forest and private lands located on the territory
of Zarechny were nationalized and became part of the Zasursky
forestry of the Penza timber industry enterprise.
During the
Great Patriotic War, a 37 reserve rifle brigade (from 1944 - a
division) with a total number of 22,085 people was located near the
future city (railway station Seliksa) and on part of its territory,
which was twice visited by Marshal of the Soviet Union K.E.
Voroshilov (January, May 1942). Replenishment was sent from the
brigade to the active army. Traces of trenches, trenches, dugouts
are still preserved on the territory of the city.