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Azov (former names Azak (XIII-XIV centuries), Tana (XV-XVI centuries)) is a city in Russia, the administrative center of two municipalities of the Rostov region - the city district "City of Azov" and the municipal district "Azov district".
In 2007, the general plan of the city district "City
of Azov" was adopted. In accordance with the general plan, a
planning structure with three residential areas was determined:
Central region - existing buildings: western part, core of the
center, eastern part (including Krasnogorovka);
Western region -
from the South-Western industrial zone along the Kagalnitskoe
highway, to the development of the village of "Solnechny";
Eastern region - along the Azovka River, in the floodplain of the
Don River with a reserve of development based on preliminary studies
of the water regime as a result of land reclamation.
Creation of
city embankments of the Azovka River in the area of the city
center from the port (with the removal of the shipyard to
Kollontaevskaya Street and further - for the future).
1 Ramparts of the Azov fortress, corner of st.
Dzerzhinsky and Proletarian Descent. After repeated destruction in the
XVII - XVIII centuries. The Azov fortress was not restored. From the
fortress, a high earthen rampart with a moat has been preserved (the
height in some places is up to 15 m). In the middle of the shaft, the
brick Alekseevsky gate-tunnel, built already at the beginning of the
19th century, has been preserved.
: On the northern part of the
rampart, an imitation of a bastion was built with mock-ups of cannons
and a monument to the seat of Azov. A popular place for walking, with
excellent views of the Don Delta.
2 Church of the Icon of the
Mother of God of Azov, Alexander Nevsky Spusk, 15. Azov is one of the
few cities that have their own “city” icon. What is even more surprising
is that there are two temples in Azov with the same name in honor of
this icon. Red-brick so-called. the “regimental” church belonging to the
Russian Orthodox Church (25B Makarovsky Street) is not remarkable in
terms of architecture; on the contrary, the RTOC church, covered with
blue plaster, has five differently decorated domes and a very unusual
open bell tower.
3 Mill Bulanova (1905) , st. Mira, 45/64. One of
the few Azov monuments of the pre-revolutionary promarch.
4 Wall of
the Genoese trading post (XIV century) (corner of Sovetskaya and
Genuezskaya streets). Half a meter high, natural stone masonry is
located right on the side of a modern street and has neither a plaque
nor any other indication of its historical essence. However, this is the
oldest building in the city.
5. Observation deck with a rotunda,
Petrovskaya Square. Near the city administration there is an observation
deck with an excellent view of the mouth of Azovka and stairs to the
city beach. On clear days, the Western and Liventsovsky districts of
Rostov are clearly visible from the site.
There are several unusual monuments from the Soviet
period in Azov.
6 Monument to Lenin (1978), Petrovskaya Square. The
eerie monument was made according to a non-standard project: not
full-length and not a bust, but a half-figure, waist-deep. Ilyich leans
on the pedestal with both hands and leans forward a little, as if trying
to get out.
7 Monument to the Conquerors of Space, corner of
Petrovsky Blvd. and st. Izmailov. The sculptor was able to do without
the banal stars and rockets and depicted two young people stretching
their arms to the sky. There are no plaques or other signs on the
monument, and since it is located next to the morgue, it received the
popular nickname "Souls flying to paradise."
8 Monument "Red Army
soldier says goodbye to the girl", corner of the street. Izmailov and
Kondaurov. Another monument with an unusual plot.
9 Monument to a
fisherwoman (near the entrance to the fish factory). Urban sculpture of
the Stalin era, notable for its unusual plot and graceful execution. In
contrast to the traditional concrete athletes, pioneers and Red Army men
in Azov, a major fishery producer, a figure of a girl in boots and with
a net holding a large sturgeon by the gills was installed.
Azov Museum-Reserve, Moskovskaya st., 38/40. ☎ +7
(86342) 4-03-71. Tue–Sun 10:00–18:00. 200 rubles (2013), you can get
only a ticket to the museum for 100 rubles, without an exhibition of
Sarmatian gold, but this makes no sense. The museum is located in an
eclectic building of the former city government (1882). At first glance,
the cost of the entrance ticket seems somewhat overpriced, but in fact
the exposition is worth it and is completely non-trivial for the
regional museum of local lore. The first floor begins with nature and
paleontology, including a complete mammoth skeleton. Next comes
archeology - not some shards, but Greek amphorae, Scythian bronze
cauldrons and Golden Horde glazed ceramics. You can safely skip the
second floor - there is the history of the city in pre-revolutionary and
Soviet times - but on the third floor, behind an iron door and under
police guard, is the most important thing: a collection of Sarmatian
gold jewelry.
Powder cellar, st. Lermontova, 6. 10:00–18:00. 60
rubles, photo - 60 rubles (2013). A monument of military engineering art
of the late 18th century, for some reason lined with brick during
restoration in the 1960s. A well-preserved basement 5 meters deep with
1.5 meter walls reliably protected the stocks of gunpowder in the Azov
fortress. The exposition can hardly be called rich: a boring diorama
“The Capture of the Turkish Fortress of Azov by the Troops of Peter I in
1696” is placed in the cellar. and several historical items of
ammunition: banniki, barrels, etc. In front of the building there is a
genuine Russian cannon of the time of Peter the Great and, perhaps, the
most interesting exhibits that are not related to the fortress and
gunpowder: almost two dozen "stone women" - Polovtsian sculptures XII -
XIII centuries, including well-preserved. Jan 2018
Memorial complex
of Rudolf Samoylovich , Leningradskaya st., 46 (in the center of the
city). Tue–Sun 10:00–18:00. 200 rubles (2013). Samoylovich, a polar
explorer, director of the Institute for the Study of the North and head
of the expedition on the Krasin icebreaker to rescue the Nobile
expedition, was born in Azov and lived in this house when he was a high
school student. A room with an interior has been recreated, plus
materials about the life of Samoylovich.
Azov
Cinema (October) , Petrovsky Boulevard, 7. ☎ +7 (86342) 4-21-44, +7
(952) 607-03-05. Beautiful modern cinema, there is 3D.
City Park,
corner of Petrovsky Boulevard and Mira Street. The park is tiny and not
great for walking. It has summer cafes and rusty, preserved from Soviet
times, but still working rides.
1 House of Books, Petrovsky Boulevard, 3. Mon–Fri
9:00–19:00, Sat 9:00–18:00, Sun 9:00–17:00. The main bookstore of Azov.
2 Supermarket “Magnit”, Leningradskaya st., 58. 10:00–21:00. Convenient
grocery supermarket in the city center.
3 Supermarket "Pyaterochka",
Petrovsky Boulevard, 36/38. 9:00–23:00. Another grocery supermarket, and
also in the center.
4 Azov Department Store (Central Trading House),
Petrovskaya Square, 7. 9:00–17:45.
Near the bus station there is a
cluster of stalls where you can also buy food and household goods.
Draft kvass "Starominskiy" of good quality is sold
throughout the city. Very handy in the summer.
Cheap
1 Cafe
“Here: damn it, yes coffee!”, Moskovskaya st., 19. 09:00-22:00.
Pancakes: 60–70 rubles (2013). Classic ice cream parlor: no hot food or
alcohol here, just drinks, desserts and pancakes. There is also no Wi-Fi
internet.
Average cost
2 Musetti Coffee House, Moskovskaya st.
21. ☎ +7 (86432) 5-47-51. Sun–Thursday 10:00–23:00, Fri–Sat 10:00–24:00.
A cozy Italian coffee shop serving rolls for some reason, which,
however, does not affect the quality of coffee.
3 Coffee house on
Petrovsky, Petrovsky Boulevard, 19. ☎ +7 (86432) 5-47-51. 10:00–24:00.
Cozy coffee shop with a good selection of hot dishes.
Expensive
4 Restaurant "Fortress Wall", st. Dzerzhinsky, 2. ☎ +7 (86432) 6-19-23.
11:00–2:00. The restaurant is decorated in a medieval knightly spirit,
which looks a little strange for Azov, but the quality and service are
quite decent. Dishes of Russian cuisine.
5 Osaka Restaurant, 46
Moskovskaya Street. Sun–Thursday 11:00–24:00, Fri–Sat 11:00–2:00.
Restaurant of Japanese cuisine, decorated in the best Russian
traditions. Reviews about the quality of food vary. Wi-Fi is available,
but most of the time it doesn't work. edit
1 Azov Hotel, 14 Petrovskaya Sq. ☎ +7 (86342) 4-10-51
(administrator), +7 (86342) 4-12-70 (reservation). Double room renovated
/ not renovated: 3300/2300 rubles (2013). An old Soviet hotel, which is
partly renovated and belongs to the all-Russian network "Amaks". The
expensive rooms are renovated, air-conditioned, Wi-Fi is caught. Cheap
rooms are deprived of all these advantages and look extremely ascetic.
2 Hotel Solnechnaya, Petrovskaya sq., 3. ☎ +7 (86342) 4-13-14, +7
(86342) 4-04-27. Single / double room: 850/1100 rubles. If the Azov
Hotel is old, then the Solnechnaya Hotel can be called ancient, and the
prices in it are also from the last century. Those who really want to
save money can rent a bed in a six-bed room. Guest reviews are few, but
mostly positive.
3 Hotel "Priboy", st. Kalinina, 2. ☎ +7 (86342)
4-55-05. Double room: 1000 rubles
Post Office, Petrovsky Boulevard, 22. Mon–Fri
8:00–20:00, Sat 9:00–18:00.
Wi-Fi is not yet very common in city
cafes, but you can find an access point if you wish.
The city of Azov is located in the southwestern part
of the Rostov Region, on the left bank of the Don River, 12.5 km in a
straight line from the confluence with the Taganrog Bay. From the
regional center - the city of Rostov-on-Don - 35 km. The area of the
city is 66.2 km².
In the old part of the city, fortifications of
the Azov fortress of the 18th century have been preserved - ramparts, a
moat, Alekseevsky gates. Azov is one of the historical cities with a
protected cultural layer.
Azov: - a city at the mouth of the Don River (attested
in the 17th century in Azov. Vz.). From Crimean-Tat. Azaw "Azov", tour.
Azak, from East Türk. azak "low, low place"; azak “end, last, exodus,
finale ... waning”, az “little, insignificant”, Tat.azak “last” from the
ancient Kypchak (Kuman-Polovtsian) azak, azaF > azau “mouth of the
river” > Azov (short etymological dictionary R. Akhmetyanova, Kazan
TKN-2001, p.11)
The Circassians called the fortification the
"Fortress of the Aesir" - the Circassians. Askale.
The Greeks
named the city Μαιῶτις (Meotida), which may be related to the name of
the local Meota tribe, close to the Scythians.
The Polish
historian Matey Stryikovsky and the Russian historian V.N. Tatishchev
believed that the city of Azov was named after the Polovtsian Khan Asup,
who roamed in those places.
Thor Heyerdahl expressed the version
that the name Azov comes from Asgard, located on the site of modern Azov
(Ases are the supreme group of gods in Scandinavian mythology, their
name is consonant with the name of one of the Alanian tribes, as well as
the ancient names of Ossetians - wasps (Georgian "axis ”, Russian
“ovsi”, “yasy”), while the Saga of the Ynglings gives the relative
localization of Asgard to the east of the Don (Tanasquil) and the Slavic
(Venetian) lands - Vanaheim). However, this version is rejected by
historians and philologists.
Azov is located on the banks of the Don and
its tributary, the Azovka River, 15 km of the waterway from its
confluence with the Taganrog Bay of the Azov Sea. From time
immemorial, the city occupied an important strategic position that
had a great influence on its history. The city is the oldest in the
Rostov region, its history began more than two thousand years ago,
when the first Scythian settlements arose. It is also known from
history about such peoples inhabiting the territory of the city as
Cimmerians, Scythians, Savromats and Meots. In the era of the
Scythians, many settlements arose in the Northern Azov region, which
later played an important role in the development and formation of
the region: this is the Taganrog settlement, and the Elizavetovsky
settlement, and the Great Greek colony, the Bosporan colony of
Tanais (city) and several others.
In 1559, Azov was besieged
by the Zaporozhets Dmitry Vishnevetsky. In 1637, the Don and
Zaporozhye Cossacks took Azov and held it until 1642 (the so-called
Azov siege seat).
In 1695-1696, Peter the Great undertook the
Azov campaigns, which led to the capture of the Turkish fortress of
Azov.
In 1709 Azov became the provincial city of the Azov
province.
During the Prut campaign of 1711, the Russian army,
being surrounded, was forced to surrender. The Prut Peace was
concluded, according to which Russia ceded the Azov to the Ottoman
Empire. During the Russian-Turkish war of 1735-1739, the fortress
was taken by the troops of General Lassi in 1736. According to the
Belgrade Peace of 1739, the fortress was transferred to Russia with
the condition of demolishing the fortifications and buildings, which
was done in 1747. For 20 years the city lay in ruins. In March 1769,
with the outbreak of a new Russian-Turkish war, the city was again
occupied by the soldiers of the Vologda regiment and the Don
Cossacks; since then the city is beyond Russia.
In 1775 Azov
became the administrative center of the newly established Azov
province. In 1782, after the provincial administration was
transferred to Yekaterinoslav, Azov was renamed again into a
fortress, on March 31, 1810 - into a posad of the Rostov district of
the Yekaterinoslav province, and in 1888 it was annexed to the Don
Cossack Region and transferred under Cossack control.
At the
end of the 19th century, there was a 4-grade male gymnasium in the
posad, as well as female and male schools, trade dropped
significantly.
After the
establishment of Soviet power on the Don, Red Guard squads were
organized in Azov. At the same time, this power did not last long.
In May 1918, on the Don, including in Azov, the troops of Denikin
and Krasnov took power into their own hands. Soviet power was
restored in 1920 after the victory over the White Guard troops. In
March 1920, elections to the city council took place in Azov.
In July 1921, Azov became the center of the Rostov district, the
district authorities moved here from Rostov-on-Don.
In 1924,
Azov became the center of the Azov region, and on March 1, 1926, the
city of Azov was approved as part of the cities of the North
Caucasian Territory by the Decree of the All-Russian Central
Executive Committee (Collection of Decrees of the RSFSR, 1926, No.
11, Art. 91). In August 1930, by a resolution of the Presidium The
North Caucasian regional executive committee of the district was
abolished, and the city of Azov continued to remain the center of
the Azov region.
In the pre-war years, a number of industrial
industries appeared in Azov, including a shipyard, a fish processing
plant, a brick factory, a hosiery factory and others.
In
1940, there were already 11 schools in the city of Azov, including 6
secondary schools. New clubs, libraries, a park of culture and rest,
a local history museum were opened.
In 1941, Azov began to rebuild in a military
fashion. The mechanical shop of the shipyard began to fire shells.
Clothes and uniforms for the Red Army soldiers were supplied by the
Progress sewing artel. Residents of Azov massively joined the
people's militia. The first commander of the militia was N. V.
Makeev.
In the summer of 1942, the front came close to Azov.
The defense of the city was held by the sailors of the Separate Don
detachment of the Azov military flotilla, the personnel of the
armored train "For the Motherland". A memorial sign and a memorial
plaque were later installed on the site of the house where the
detachment's headquarters was located.
On July 28, 1942, Azov
was occupied by Nazi troops. During 194 days of occupation, more
than 600 people were killed by the Nazi invaders. The Nazis chose
the quarry of a brick factory as the place of execution. The Azov
partisan detachment under the command of I. T. Sakharov and Z. P.
Shkuro actively operated on the territory of the city of Azov and
the Azov region.
On February 7, 1943, the city of Azov and
the Azov region were liberated by the 320.151st Infantry Division of
the 44th Army and the 5th Don Cossack Cavalry Corps. The invaders
inflicted colossal damage to Azov - 140 million rubles (in monetary
terms in 1943).
After the war, Azov gradually recovered. Industrial enterprises
were revived - an industrial plant, a dairy plant, a fish processing
plant. New buildings grew, buildings of new enterprises and
residential buildings rose. The construction of plants for
press-forging equipment and press-forging machines began. The
shipyard began producing metal seiners. A new plant for the
production of commercial equipment gave its products.
With
the development of industrial production, the status of the city
also grew. So, in 1957, the city of regional subordination Azov was
assigned to the category of cities of regional subordination of the
Rostov region.
In March 1994, Azov received the status of the
municipal entity "City of Azov". New bodies of local self-government
were created - the City Duma of the city of Azov and the
Administration of the city of Azov, headed by the Mayor. In
addition, the city of Azov retained the status of the administrative
center of the municipal formation "Azov District".
According to the centers of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological
Supervision and Roshydromet of Rostov-on-Don, in the water of the river.
Don in places of water intakes and recreation zones of populated areas,
there are excesses of hygienic standards for BOD5 (1.5-2 MPC), COD
(1.5-3.5 MPC), total hardness (1.2-1.5 129 MPC), total iron (1.3-5.1
MPC), oil products (1.2-32 MPC), heavy metals (1.5-2 MPC).
According
to the indications of bacterial contamination of the river. Don refers
to sources with a high degree of epidemiological danger. In river water,
coliphages, spores of sulfite-reducing clostridia, and cholera-like
microflora are found.
A high level of bacterial pollution of
river water is noted in the mouth of the river. Don, especially in the
section of the river below the discharges of the city sewerage of the
city of Rostov-on-Don and at the confluence of the river. Temernik. The
most tense situation with water quality in terms of microbiological
indicators has developed in the place of water intake of the city of
Azov due to discharge into the river. Don insufficiently treated and
untreated wastewater from the city of Rostov-on-Don. The use of drinking
water with bacterial and viral contamination by the population leads to
acute intestinal infections and viral hepatitis "A".
Azov is part of the Rostov agglomeration and is a multifunctional,
dynamically developing industrial city with a developed infrastructure,
promising areas for the development of zones for industrial and
residential development. The main planning axis of the Rostov
agglomeration is the Don River, where Azov plays a special role as a
city located on the transport artery for the movement of goods by water.
This positions Azov as a transport and logistics center connecting the
South of Russia with global international and Russian markets.
The city's economy is based on enterprises of light, food (canning and
confectionery) industry, and mechanical engineering. Plant for the
production of protein and vitamin supplements. Production of building
materials (including reinforced concrete structures). In 2005, the
Azov-Tech plant was founded for the production of light-alloy wheels
using low-pressure casting technology.
Due to its favorable geographical location, Azov today is a developing international seaport with all the necessary infrastructure, which processes about 1 million tons of various cargoes per year, arriving both by sea and by internal routes on vessels with a carrying capacity of 3000 tons - 5000 tons of "river-sea" type with draft up to 4 meters. In addition to the already operating 7 berths, in 2002 the construction of several grain terminals, a port elevator, terminals for transshipment of timber and industrial alcohols, a terminal for bunkering of ships began.
Azov is a terminal station on a single-track electrified railway line from Bataysk station, part of the Rostov region of the North Caucasian railway of JSC Russian Railways. There is a railway station at the station. Through the Azov station, the movement of freight trains is carried out, as well as the running of passenger trains of suburban communication on the route Rostov-Glavny - Bataysk - Azov.
Highways of regional and local importance pass through the territory
of the Azov and the Azov region.
In the city of Azov, there
is also a stopping point of PJSC Donavtovokzal, through which bus
communication is carried out with settlements of the Azov region,
the regional center - Rostov-on-Don, as well as with other
settlements of the Rostov region and other subjects of the Russian
Federation.
Public transport of the
city of Azov and the Azov region is represented by buses of medium
and small capacity, taxis.
Register of municipal routes of
regular transportation in the territory of the city of Azov:
No.
1. Black Sea (ZSM) - Black Sea (ZSM) (circular)
No. 2.
Krasnogorovka - per. Panfilovsky
No. 3. Fish factory - DNT
"Michurinets-3" - Fish factory
No. 4. Krasnogorovka - per.
Panfilovsky
No. 5. Western - PU No. 82
No. 7. pos. Yasny -
pos. Clear (circular)
No. 8. st. Azovskaya - MTE - DPM