Bryansk, Russia

Transportation

Description of Bryansk

Bryansk is a city in the Russian Federation, the administrative center of the Bryansk region; city of regional importance, that forms the municipality of the city of Bryansk with the status of the urban district. Located on the western edge of the Central Russian Upland, on both banks of the Desna River, at the confluence of the Bolva and Snezheti. Population - 405,723 people. (2018). On March 25, 2010 by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation Dmitry Medvedev, Bryansk was awarded the honorary title “City of Military Glory”.

 

Travel Destinations in Bryansk

Administratively, the city is divided into four districts:
Bezhitsky
Volodarsky,
Sovetsky - Soviet
Fokinsky
Until 1956, Bezhitsky district was an independent city of Bezhitsy. It partially preserved buildings of the beginning of the XX century in the Art Nouveau style.

 

Gagarin Boulevard - a pedestrian street in the historic center of the city. It goes from the Embankment Square in the direction of the modern center of the city (Lenin Square, the Dynamo Stadium, Tolstoy Park), rising up along its entire length.

Buildings and constructions
City building Bezhitsy, st. Institutskaya, Ulyanova.
Mansion of the merchant Avraamov.

Temple architecture
1 St. Pokrovsky Cathedral, Pokrovskaya Gora, 2. Built in 1698 on the site of an older wooden church, mentioned in documents since 1603.
2 Spaso-Grobovskaya Church, Lenin Avenue, 98. Psevdorusskaya church with elements of modern, built in 1904.
3 Vvedenskaya church. The only surviving monument of the Peter and Paul Monastery, founded, according to legend, as early as the second half of the 13th century by Bryansk Prince Oleg Romanovich, buried here around 1289 (the grave was not preserved). Built in 1702-1705, made in the traditions of Moscow architecture of the seventeenth century. In 1930 it was partially disassembled, and in the late 1980s it was restored.


Monuments
4 Mound of Immortality, Nightingale Central Recreation Park. Monument to the fallen in the fight against the Nazi invaders, which became one of the symbols of the city of Bryansk. It is an earthen mound in the form of a pentahedral hill with a height of 12 meters, which is crowned by an 18-meter five-pointed star.
5 Monument to the liberators of Bryansk, pl. Partizan. Established in 1966, later became one of the unofficial symbols of the city.

 

Other Destinations

Planetarium.
Circus. Circus for 1945 places.

Museums
Park Museum them. A.K. Tolstoy. In the park under the open sky there are several dozen wooden sculptures, including a wooden fountain.
Bryansk Museum of Regional Studies, Partizan Square, 6.
Bryansk Literary Museum.
Museum of the Tkachev brothers.
Memorial Museum D. N. Medvedev.

Theaters
Bryansk Regional Drama Theater named after A. Tolstoy, ul. Fokina, d. 26. ☎ +7 (4832) 74-39-38. The oldest theater of the Bryansk region, founded in 1926.
Bryansk regional theater of the young spectator, st. Gorky, 20. ☎ +7 (4832) 74-23-49.
Bryansk Regional Puppet Theater.
City Children's and Youth Theater "Adults and Children."
Children's Music Theater "Orpheus".
 
Cinemas
Cinema "Salute".
Cinema "Victory"-"Pobeda".
Cinema "Panorama" (SEC BOOM City).
Cinema «Cinema Club» (Timoskovyh shopping center).
Cinema "Paradise Park" (SEC "Mill").
Cinema "Luxor" (SEC "Aero Park").

Concert halls
Concert Hall of the Regional Philharmonic "Friendship".
Concert Hall of the Palace of Culture BMZ.

 

Etymology

The city was first mentioned in the Ipatiev Chronicle as Debriansk under 1146, later in the Resurrection, Laurentian, Trinity Chronicles and other sources. The name of the city of Bryansk, apparently, comes from the old Russian word Dbryansk, derived from the word dbr. The Old Russian word dbr / debr means a mountain slope, gorge, moat, valley or lowland, overgrown with dense forest and shrubs. According to the law of falling weak er, the er between d and b fell out, and the complex combination of db was simplified to b. According to V. A. Nikonov, the etymology of the toponym remains unclear, since until the end of the 12th century the city was called Bryn and it is not clear which form is more primary: Bryn or Dbryansk. The dropping of the initial d- is possible, but does not represent a phonetic law.

 

History of Bryansk

The exact date of the founding of Bryansk is unknown. Archaeological data obtained during excavations of the old settlement on the Chashin Kurgan in 1976-1979 indicate that the city on the territory of present-day Bryansk arose in the last quarter of the 10th century. Based on these data, 985 is considered the conditional year of the foundation of Bryansk. Dense Bryansk forests for a long time separated the Dnieper center of Russian civilization from the so-called Zalesye. Only under the Kiev prince Vladimir Monomakh, a “straight road” was laid through them, which contributed to the strengthening of the Slavic colonization of North-Eastern Rus'.

In the XIII century (perhaps after the attack of the Mongol-Tatars) the city was moved from Chashin Kurgan to Pokrovskaya Gora.

Ancient Bryansk was part of the Chernigov Principality. After the destruction by the Mongols in 1239 of Chernigov, Novgorod-Seversky and other cities of the Chernigov principality, the center of the diocese and the capital of the principality in 1246 moved to the surviving Bryansk. Thus the Bryansk principality was formed. His first prince was Roman Mikhailovich, whose heir was to be his son Oleg. However, after the latter was tonsured a monk, Bryansk, according to the khan's label, was unexpectedly transferred to the Smolensk princes. This is how the Golden Horde prevented the excessive strengthening of the Chernihiv land. Bryansk for some time was a key point on the way from Southwestern to Northeastern Rus': in 1299, Metropolitan Maxim moved there from Kiev with an intermediate stay in Bryansk. In 1310, the city was devastated by the Tatars, brought by Prince Vasily Alexandrovich against his uncle Svyatoslav Glebovich.

In 1356, the Lithuanian prince Olgerd annexed Bryansk to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In 1408, during the first Standing on the Ugra, Bryansk was briefly occupied by a Tatar detachment in the service of the Grand Duke of Moscow Vasily I. In 1500, the city was taken without a fight by the troops of Ivan III and annexed to the Russian state. At the beginning of the 16th century, a new war broke out with Lithuania, during which Bryansk acted as a stronghold of Russian forces. For many years Bryansk was a bone of contention between the Commonwealth and the Russian kingdom. The name of the city was present in almost every peace treaty.

In 1607 the city was attacked twice by False Dmitry II. For the first time, the city was burned down so as not to get to the "thief", by the end of the same year it was rebuilt almost anew and successfully withstood the siege by the impostor's troops. Despite the constant military threat, the city grew, the population increased. In 1616, the population of the city numbered 497 people, and in 1622, the voivode, Prince Dolgorukov, wrote that there were already 1,069 able to carry weapons in the city.

Since the 17th century, Bryansk has been at the crossroads of the most important trade routes that connected Kyiv with Moscow; from that time began the rapid development of trade. Under Peter I, the city was re-fortified. The Bryansk shipyard was laid on the Desna, where ships of the Bryansk flotilla were built for the campaign against Turkey. In 1783, the Bryansk Arsenal was founded to manufacture siege and field artillery.

In 1709, the city became part of the Kiev province, since 1727, as part of the Sevsk province, it was transferred to the Belgorod province, and since 1778 it became part of the newly formed Oryol viceroy (from 1796 - the province). In the 19th century, Bryansk became the center of the so-called Bryansk industrial region; in 1873, the Joint Stock Company of the Bryansk Rail-Rolling, Iron-Making and Mechanical Plants was founded; in the last quarter of the 19th century, a large railway junction was formed near Bryansk.

In October 1919, the Drozdov division fought for Bryansk with the Red Army, trying to capture the city. On November 5, the Drozdovites retreated from Bryansk.

In 1920-1929 it was the center of the Bryansk province, since 1930 - as part of the Western region.

During the Great Patriotic War, on October 6, 1941, the city was occupied by German troops. In the Bryansk forests, partisan detachments with a total number of up to 60,000 people operated. A significant part of the civilian population was exterminated (mass graves in Lesnye Sarai, concentration camp No. 142 in Raditsa).

On September 17, 1943, Bryansk was liberated by Soviet troops, currently this date is celebrated as City Day.

On July 5, 1944, the Bryansk region was formed; Bryansk became its administrative center.

In 1950, the working settlement of Uritsky and the village of Karachizh were included in Bryansk, and in 1956 - the city of Bezhitsa.

 


Transportation

To Bryansk by plane
Direct flights to St. Petersburg (3 flights per week) and Simferopol (1 flight per week and only in summer).

1 Bryansk Airport (IATA: BZK), p. October, st. Aviators, 1. ☎ +7 (4832) 64-44-20.

Getting there: Located 10 km southwest of the city. You can get there by bus No. 132B, but only 6 flights a day.

To Bryansk by train
From Moscow, from the Kievsky railway station, on the direct train “Ivan Paristy”, or on trains that transit Bryansk, to settlements in Ukraine, Moldova, Bulgaria. The journey takes about 6 hours.

2 Bryansk-Orlovsky (Bryansk I). The main passenger railway station of the city. Through the station there are trains in the direction of cities: St. Petersburg, Kaluga, Moscow, Kiev and also Brest, Gomel.

3 Bryansk-Lgovsky (Bryansk II). You can get there by buses No. 13, 103 and fixed-route taxis, heading towards Kovshovka.

To Bryansk by bus
There are bus connections to Belgorod (1 flight daily, 10 hours), Gomel (2 flights, 6 hours), Kaluga (3 flights, 5 hours 30 minutes), Kursk (3 flights, 5 hours 30 minutes), Moscow (6 flights, 7-8 hours ), Novozybkov (about 10 flights, 4 hours), Orel (about 10 flights, 3 hours), Tula (1 flight, 8 hours 20 minutes).

4 Bus Station, st. Peresvet, 1A. ☎ +7 (4832) 41-43-20, +7 (4832) 41-96-04, +7 (4832) 41-72-23.

5 Bus station in Bežice, st. Ulyanova, 56A. ☎ +7 (4832) 51-42-20.
 
To Bryansk by car
From Moscow on the federal highway M3 "Ukraine".

 

Physiographic characteristics

Timezone

Bryansk is located in the MSC time zone (Moscow time). The applied time offset relative to UTC is +3:00. In accordance with the applied time and geographic longitude, average solar noon in Bryansk occurs at 12:43.

 

Climate

The climate is moderate continental. Winter is characterized by unstable weather: from severe frosts to prolonged thaws; summers are humid and warm, but extreme heat is rare.

 

Penitentiaries

Within the boundaries of the city there are four institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in the Bryansk region.

Detention center No. 1 is housed in buildings along Sovetskaya Street in the city of Bryansk. Ranked among the monuments of architecture. Regime buildings built in the 18th and early 20th centuries. At the end of the eighteenth century, the first buildings appeared. In 1780 the first building of the prison was built. The second regime building was built in 1905. Construction workshops, a boiler house were erected in 1953. Today, no more than 600 people are kept here, some buildings have been repaired.

Correctional colony of strict regime No. 1 is territorially located on the isthmus between Lake Chertovitsa and the Desna River. On the basis of the production workshops for wood processing, this institution was formed in April 1945. Before that, German prisoners of war were kept here. After the formation of the colony, both men and women were mixed. The production of furniture and consumer goods was established. Currently, 1,400 convicted men are being held here. The assembly of ritual goods, metalworking, and a woodworking site have been established.

Correctional colony of strict regime No. 2 is located in the Fokinsky district of the regional center, on Kotovsky Street. In 1961, there was nothing on the site allocated for the territory of the institution, except for the old vegetable warehouses. It was necessary to quickly accommodate 550 convicts. Quickly, within a year, two dormitories, a bath and laundry plant, a checkpoint with a meeting room, and a boiler room were built. Metal products (pipe cutters, pipe clamps) were made here. During the entire existence of the colony, the regimes changed several times. Since 2007, it has been a strict regime colony, on the territory of which the regional prison hospital is located.

An educational colony for minors in the city of Bryansk, in which about eighty teenagers are serving their sentences. Founded in 1956 and located in the center of the Soviet district. Children are educated in an evening shift school, and two vocational schools No. 40 and No. 41 also operate.