Kholm - a city (since 1777) in Russia, the
administrative center of the Kholmsky municipal district of the
Novgorod region. The city is located in the south of the region at
the confluence of the Cunha River in Lovat (the basin of Lake
Ilmen), 201 km south of Veliky Novgorod.
Four highways lead
from the city: one (P51) connects Kholm with Staraya Russa through
Poddorye, the other (P51) connects it with Velikiye Luki via Loknya,
Pskov region, the third leads to Marevo and Demyansk, the fourth to
Toropets.
The population of the city is 3829 inhabitants (as
of January 1, 2010). The etymology of the name is Russian, derived
from a steep hill on the right bank of the Lovat, on which the city
was founded.
30 kilometers from the city on Lake Rdeyskoye are the
remains of the Rdeysky Monastery (XVIII century), in the area are the
former estates of the princes Bobrovs (XIX century) and Shakhovskys
(XVIII century).
One of the resting places of the Kholmichi
people is the Blue Lagoon. This is the natural threshold of the Mesozoic
geological plate on the Bolshoy Tuder River.
In the Hill there is
a functioning temple of the Tikhvin Icon of the Mother of God
Known since the 12th century. like Kholmsky churchyard. Name from hill. In the 16th century it was mentioned as the city of Kholm, later - Kholmsky Posad; since 1777 - the county town of Kholm of the Pskov governorship, later - the province.
It is located in the south of the region at the
confluence of the Kunya River with the Lovat (Lake Ilmen basin), 201 km
south of Veliky Novgorod.
Four roads lead from the city: one
(P51) through Poddorye connects Kholm with Staraya Russa, the other
(P51) through the village of Loknya in the Pskov region connects it with
Velikiye Luki, the third leads to Marevo and Demyansk, the fourth - to
Toropets.
The population of the city is 3829 inhabitants (as of
January 1, 2010). The etymology of the name is Russian, it comes from a
steep hill (kholm) on the right bank of the Lovat, on which the city was
founded.
In ancient times, along the Lovat River, a water trade route
“from the Varangians to the Greeks” passed through the territory of
the modern city. At that time, small vessels were built in this
place, they sold flax, carts, spinning wheels, and dishes (wooden
and earthenware).
In the 16th — 17th centuries, Lithuanians,
Poles, and Swedes repeatedly attacked Kholm. On August 3, 1777, when
considering the issue of reorganizing the administrative-territorial
division of the Novgorod province, a decree was issued on renaming
the Kholmsky tenement into the town of Kholm and regarding it as a
Pskov province. So the Kholm became the center of the Kholm region.
At the end of the XIX century, the Kholm was known for
handicrafts, including the manufacture of river barges and other
boats.
The city was very badly damaged during the Great
Patriotic War: in 1942 it was the site of the Toropets-Kholm
operation, and most of the historical buildings of the city were
completely destroyed.
Historically, the city consisted of
four districts - Ilinsky and Nikolsky (right bank of Kunya and
Lovati), Tatilovsky (left bank of Lovati) and Klin (wedge between
rivers). After the war, the restoration of the Klin part of the city
was considered inappropriate.
A curious mistake is connected
with the history of the city of Kholm. In a number of books and
articles, the date of the first mention of the city in the chronicle
sources is 1144 (from which it was proposed to keep the history of
the city). This implied the Novgorod first chronicle; however, under
this year, it contains a record of a fire in Novgorod as a result of
which Kholm (part of the city) and the Church of Elijah burned down.
Enterprises of the timber industry. In the vicinity of the deposit of clay, sand and gravel mixtures. Peat deposits are of particular value. The surroundings of the city are occupied by vast marshes with fairly deep layers of peat. The development of peatlands is still one of the priorities of the economy of the region and the city.