Khrenovoe - a village in the Bobrovsky district of the Voronezh region of Russia. This is the administrative center Khrenovskogo rural settlement. Khrenovoe is located 16 km (on the road 27 km) east of Bobrov, 90 km (130 km on the road) southeast of Voronezh. The village practically merges with the territory of the village of Sloboda of the Slobodsky rural settlement (divided by the Khrenovaya River line).
The Geographical and Statistical Dictionary of the
Russian Empire reported that Khrenovoe is a village in the Voronezh
province and county, 30 miles from the city near the Usman River. The
number of inhabitants is 1978 souls of both sexes, 233 households. This
village appeared around 1645 and in 1746 there were about 100
households.
The first mention of settlements in the vicinity
dates back to 1654. 12 versts south of the fortress city of Orlova (now
the village of Orlovo in the same region), on the right bank of the
Usman River, a “dangerous prison” was established. Here horseradish grew
in abundance for a long time, and this place was called Horseradish
Glade. The fortified point created on this site was called Khrenovsky
dangerous town in the documents, and the village that was formed later -
Khrenov. According to the description, the length of the wall of the
prison is 40 sazhens, there was a chopped quadrangular tower and
defensive scaffolding in the wall. There were 20 people serving in the
prison. During the attack of the nomads, the garrison had to report the
impending danger in the Oryol fortress, as well as take the necessary
measures to delay the enemy.
A detailed description of one case
of the Tatars, which occurred in 1675, has been preserved. In 100 steppe
nomads appeared, who laid siege to Khrenovskaya Ostrozhek. The small
garrison held out as long as they could, messengers were sent to the
Oryol fortress. The garrison in the prison, apparently, was sent and the
nomads were transferred to Orlov. The document says that the nomads
slaughtered many Russian people, took many prisoners, captured “horses
and animals” herds. But soon the Orlovites, having gathered their
strength, defeated the nomads, restored the prisoners, and returned the
herds. After the battle, the restoration of Khrenovsky prison began.
This was required by the royal charter, where it was instructed to
repair “ruggy places” in the fortresses so that the nomads would not
come again “and what a bad thing they didn’t teach.”
In the
1680s, Oryol soldiers began to settle near Khrenovsky prison. The nomads
didn't come here anymore. Ostrozhek gradually ended, and in its place
grew the village of Khrenovoe. In the village of Plyasovo-Yurasovo,
located near the village of Khrenovoye, at the beginning of the 20th
century, the estate of the teacher-mathematician A.P. Kiselyov turned
out to be. On the map of the Soviet era, the village was still
designated as Yurasovo, but later (in the middle of the 20th century) it
became part of Khrenovoe.
In the 1860s, the owner of the village
of Khrenovoe-Plyasovo was Grigory Alekseevich Snezhkov (1810-†1879), a
real state councilor, marshal of the county nobility in the city of
Usman (1857-1864), an honorary judge of the Usman district, and a large
landowner. The number of male serf souls in the village is 48 people,
arable and manor land - 142 acres. During his tenure, a noble estate and
a trotting horse farm were built. In 1864, a case was sent to the main
redemption agency on the redemption of land plots by temporarily liable
peasants G.A. Snezhkov village of Khrenovoy-Plyasov, Voronezh district,
Voronezh province.
Vasily Ivanovich Veretennikov (1816-†1873),
mayor of Voronezh (1858), acquired the estate from the Snezhkovs. In the
autumn of 1875, the village was sold by the heirs of Veretennikov to
A.P. Kiselev.
Location
Situated in the central belt of the European part of
Russia, within the fertile Chernozemye (Black Earth) region, Khrenovoye
lies about 24 km east of Bobrov, the district's administrative center,
and roughly 100 km southeast of the oblast capital, Voronezh. Its
geographic coordinates are approximately 51°07′N 40°17′E. The area
borders the forest-steppe zone, transitioning between the vast steppes
to the south and denser forests to the north.
Terrain and
Landscape
The terrain around Khrenovoye is predominantly flat to
gently undulating, typical of the East European Plain. It features a mix
of open grasslands and wooded areas, with rich chernozem soils that
support agriculture. Elevation is around 145 meters above sea level. The
landscape is dotted with patches of oak forests interspersed with steppe
vegetation, creating a diverse ecosystem.
Nearby Features
Khrenovoye is adjacent to the Khrenovskoy Bor, a large insular pine
forest covering about 200 km² on the left bank of the Bityug River. This
forest, spanning coordinates from 51°05′ to 51°16′N and 40°06′ to
40°25′E, is a relict ecosystem home to rare plants and serves as a
natural reserve on the steppe-forest boundary. The Bityug River, a
tributary of the Don, flows nearby, contributing to the region's
hydrology. Other proximate rural localities include Sloboda to the west.
Climate
Khrenovoye experiences a humid continental climate with
distinct seasons. Summers are warm, lasting from mid-May to early
September, with average highs reaching 80°F (27°C) in July and lows
around 59°F (15°C). Winters are long and cold, from mid-November to
mid-March, with January averages dipping to highs of 25°F (-4°C) and
lows of 14°F (-10°C). Annual temperature ranges from about 12°F (-11°C)
to 81°F (27°C), rarely exceeding extremes. Precipitation peaks in summer
(June averages 1.7 inches or 43 mm), mostly as rain, while winters bring
snow (up to 6 inches or 15 cm in January). The area is windy, especially
in winter, with overcast skies common from October to April.
Khrenovskoy stud farm
garment factory
Furniture
factory
fruit farm
The village has a Khrenovaya railway station on the Liski-Povorino line.
There is a regional tuberculosis sanatorium in the village.
Khrenovskoy Forestry College (Forest College) named
after. G. F. Morozova
art school
two high schools
two
kindergartens
Khrenovskaya school of riders
Mass Grave No. 269 (1942)
Manor of the Kiselyovs
(1900-1918)
Burial mound and Bronze Age settlement
Zemstvo schools
of the early 20th century
Mikhailov, Irodion Antonovich (1896-19??) - Soviet
military leader, colonel (1935)
Karpov, Vasily Nikolaevich
(1798-1867) - Russian religious philosopher, spiritual writer,
translator of Plato's works into Russian, professor of philosophy at the
St. Petersburg Theological Academy.
Panin-Kolomenkin, Nikolai
Aleksandrovich (1872-1956), Russian figure skater.
Nachalov, Viktor
Vasilievich (b. 1957) is a Russian musician, producer, songwriter,
father of singer Yulia Nachalova.
Levakov Vladimir Ivanovich, a hero
of the Soviet Union who repeated the feat of Alexander Matrosov, closing
the embrasure of the bunker with his chest.