Kislovodsk, Russia

Kislovodsk

Kislovodsk is a resort town in the Stavropol Territory of the Russian Federation. It is a balneological and climatic resort.

It is part of the ecological-resort region of the Caucasian Mineral Waters. Since January 17, 2006, Kislovodsk has been a federal health resort city.

The city is the second in Russia (after Sochi) in terms of the number of health resorts and the largest in the Caucasian Mineral Waters.

 

Sights

Architecture

1 Narza Gallery (1858). The hours of work are tied to the work of sanatorium canteens: 07: 00-09: 00, 12: 00-15: 00, 18: 00-19: 00. Three types of Narzan are free, you can buy a disposable cup for 2 rubles. The drift over the boiling well - the exit is Narzan to the surface - one of the oldest buildings of the city. It is extended by 130 meters and built in an unusual style of English pseudo -generatics for these places (the author is the English architect S. Utton). On the western side of the gallery-the oldest fountain of the city "Frogs" (1890s); From the eastern - the Lermontov platform with a monument to the poet, built on the foundation of the Kislovodsk restaurant, one of the first buildings in the city. Under the monument in the grotto (existed back in the 1820s)-the sculpture of the Lermontov demon.
2 building of the Philharmonic (1895), K. Marx, 1. Initially, the Kislovodsk Kurzal was located here - the entertainment center for coming to the waters. A powerful eclectic building with trapezoidal domes successfully harmonizes with the station located opposite. Here were F. I. Chaliapin, L.V. Sobinov, A. V. Nezhdanova, Anna Pavlova, Isadora Duncan.
3 colonnades (1912, rebuilt in 1948). The semicircular colonnade is built directly above the Olkhovka river, decorating the main entrance to the resort park.
4 cascading staircase (1935). The northeastern entrance to the park from the side of Dzerzhinsky Ave. is designed in the form of a cascade of fountains, descending on the limestone slabs to the city.
5 Kislovodskaya synagogue, st. Kuibysheva, 2. The eastern prayer house with a large dome was built in the 1890s, but never had the status of a religious establishment: according to one version, it was officially listed as a dacha of the Pyatigorsky rabbi. Perhaps the unofficial status and saved it from destruction in Soviet times. A neighboring house with modern elements, covered with a natural stone, is the rabbi's house.

6 Cathedral of Nicholas the Wonderworker, Mira Ave., 19. The five-domed church in the Russian-Byzantine style was built in the late 1880s, blown up in the 1936s and recreated in 1999. It cannot be called an architectural masterpiece, but it is a high -rise dominant of the western part of the city, and the gold domes look great against the background of park greens.
The ensemble of the resort prospect. The main promenade of the residential unit of the city almost completely retained the development of the time of resort paper of the end of the XIX-early XX centuries, and few Soviet buildings organically fit into it.

7 October baths (1926–1928), a resort pr. By 1928, other architectural trends were already in fashion, and the architect issued the main entrance to the baths by the neoclassical arch, on the sides of which curious bas -reliefs “Right to rest” were located: exhausted working people of different nationalities are drawn to the healing source of Narzan.
8 The main scratched baths (1903-1904), a resort pr. 4. A long building in an oriental style with Indian motifs and an elegant semicircular porch. Pay attention to ceramic panels made in Abramtsev.
9 Kislovodskkurort (1880s), resort pr, 9. The former building of the officer assembly.
10 resort clinic (1901), resort pr, 15. The former building of the Hotel "Russia".

As in other cities that have become popular places of rest at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries, a number of houses and dachas in the Art Nouveau style were built in Kislovodsk. However, local architects understood Modern in their own way, combining both English and oriental style: Merzhanov called this design “romantic eclecticism”. Most of these cottages were either destroyed by Soviet power, or transformed into the sanatorium corps and was very rebuilt.

11 Dacha A. I. Tvalchrelidze (1905), st. Sofia Perovskaya, 41, access from the street. Lenin. The asymmetric three -story villa on a high basement with many windows of different shapes is one of the few well -preserved dachas of that period.
12 Dacha Ushakova (Chaliapin Museum, 1904), st. Chaliapina, 1. ☎ +7 (87937) 6-75-30, 6-75-60. Without weekends from 10:00 to 18:00, a break from 13:00 to 14:00. In a remarkable house with green towers, Prokofiev and Chaliapin stopped on vacation (contrary to popular opinion, Chaliapin never belonged to Chaliapin). Now there is a small concert hall and a small exposition dedicated to the stay of Chaliapin on the waters. The original interiors painted by K. Korovin, and fireplaces made according to the sketches of N. Roerich deserve attention.
13 Dacha Kunduri (1906) (angle of Herzen and Chaliapin St.). Modern with oriental elements, the corner of the building is stylized under the tower. Now here is the corps of a military sanatorium.
14 Dacha Putyaty, st. Zhelyabova, 17. One of the most original buildings of the city: in 1910, a retired captain of the long -range voyage bought a land plot here and built a mansion with a tower resembling a lighthouse, and a focal -shaped window.
15 House of Agafonov (Theater-Museum "Grace/ Blagodat"), Ave. Dzerzhinsky, 11a. In the former estate of the teacher of the Kislovodsk gymnasium, there is now something between the amateur theater and the musical salon.

 

Nature

Resort park
One of the largest parks in Europe begins from the scratched gallery and reaches the heights of the nearby mountains. Work on the installation of the park began back in 1823, and by the end of the twentieth century, its territory exceeded 1000 hectares. The park can be divided into three parts: the lower one is the oldest part from the embroidered gallery to the glass stream, the middle park is planting the early twentieth century to the Pavilion “Temple of Air” and the mountain park - the post -war, the most extensive part. The park has many protein, aggressively asking for food from vacationers: it is curious that initially proteins in this area were not found and were brought in in the 1970s from Kyrgyzstan.

For the first time in Russia, Terrencurs appeared in the resort park - six marked routes for therapeutic walking. Every 100 meters on the Terrenckers are there are tabletings with the route number, the distance to the gallery and a height above sea level.

Multi -colored sandstones. A remarkable feature of the park is the exits to the surface of sandy rocks of different colors: in the lower park-brown-brick (red stones), in the middle park-gray, in the area of Krasnoy Sun-blue stones. On one of the rocks of red stones in 1970, a bas -relief of Lenin is a non -canonical appearance - with hair. This is probably designed to symbolize the anti -aging properties of the Kislovodsk resort.

Rose site. A small glade-stain in the Lower Park, which existed before the revolution and bore the name of the royal site. In its western part there is an old vertical drinking fountain (1890s), its upper part is decorated with the relief of the head of Neptune.
Mirror pond. Initially, there was a bath, cut down in limestone over a cold source called seven -degree. In 1897, she was rebuilt into the “Glass Stream” pavilion, stylized under the pseudo -born of the national gallery. Near the pond - the openwork bridge “Ladies Caprice” (1909).
Rose valley. From the lower cable car station, a wide valley with hundreds of pink bushes descends to the river.
Pine hill. The natural boundary of the lower and middle park, from which an excellent view of the valley of the Olkhovka river and the western part of the city opens. Terrenkur from the park and a staircase from a mirror pond leads to the observation deck on the top.
Mountain Red Sun. In the upper part of the park, one of the routes of Terrencura ends, and one of the best views of the park and Elbrus on the horizon opens from the gazebo-inspection platform (1935-an architectural monument). There is a cafe on the city.

 

Getting here

By plane
1 International Airport "Mineral Water" (IATA: MRV). ☎ +7 87922 27-305. serves the entire region of Kavminvod
It is inconvenient to get from the airport to Kislovodsk by public transport: you need to drive about 1.5 km from the airport terminal to the minibus No. 11 to the Ruslan Market stop and, at the bus station, transfer to a minibus or bus to Kislovodsk (on the way for about an hour). Fans of railway transport can get to the Minovod station at the same minibus No. 11 and get to Kislovodsk by train (once per hour, on the way 1:45).

If you do not want to drag the suitcases from the minibus into the minibus, you can take a taxi to Kislovodsk, which will cost 1000-1200 rubles (2015). Bargaining is appropriate. From the airport to Kislovodsk - about 50 km along the A157 highway.

By train
The railway is the main way to get into the city. More recently, thanks to the status of the “All -Union Health Resort”, this was the second most popular after Adler’s end station of trains in the entire south of Russia, but their number was greatly reduced after the termination of the railway message with Ukraine. Now Kislovodsk is taking two daily trains from Moscow, one of the St. Petersburg and Rostov-on-Don and several trains a week from Adler, from the Urals and Siberia. In summer, the number of directions increases slightly due to trailed wagons.

Within the framework of the region, Kavminvod Kislovodsk is connected by electric trains with Essentuki, Pyatigorsk and mineral waters (15 electric trains per day), while about half of them are unfolding in Pyatigorsk, and the rest go to the Ministry of Council.

2 station, st. Vokzalnaya, 15. The Kislovodsk station was built at the end of the XIX century in the same ensemble with a Kurzal-philarmonium. The small box office is combined with the waiting room, from the infrastructure - only a coffee machine: for food, newspapers and everyone else, go to the forecourt. Suburban cash desks are located in a separate building to the right of the paths. In anticipation of the train, you can inspect the exhibition "History of railway transport" (in a separate building at the underpass). The storage room is located right in the waiting room (140 rubles/day)

By car
The main roads are P217 (branch from M4) through Kropotkin, Armavir, Nevinnomyssk to the Ministry of Orthodox Church) and P262 Stavropol -Minvvods. Both of these roads end right at the entrance to the mineral water airport, and from here the A157 highway passing through Essentuki and Kislovodsk and leaving on the mountains to Karachayevsk begins. P217 is maintained in good condition and is relatively loaded in the summer; The road through Stavropol is, but freer.

Confident travelers can drive along the R221 highway from Volgograd through Elista, but the state of this road is unknown.

By bus
The bus is most convenient to get from Stavropol: six times a day, about 4.5 hours on the road. Other directions are mainly represented by the Caucasus: Makhachkala, Nalchik, Vladikavkaz, Basran, even Baku. There is one flight per day to Moscow and an unexpected night bus on the Black Sea coast-to Arkhipo-Osipovka: apparently, the inhabitants of Kislovodsk also want to swim in the sea.

3 bus station, st. Industrial, 4. The bus station is located on the northeastern outskirts of the city. To get to the resort part is quite far: you can drive to the center by bus number 1.

 

Local transport

In the resort part of the city, everything is achievable on foot. Buses and minibuses serve mainly a residential part. You may need them to get to the nearest surroundings: Mountains Ring and Mountain Big Sadol. The taxi are numerous and cheap: from the station to anywhere in the resort part of the city, the trip will cost 50-100 rubles.

Cable car. 10:00 - 17:30. 200 rubles. Favorite entertainment of tired spa resorts: the rollers line from the center of the resort park to the foot of the Mountain Small Square. The length of the line is almost two kilometers, at the time of construction in 1973, it was the longest cable -on in the Caucasus. Logs for 25 people go by filling out: in the summer the interval of movement is 20-30 minutes, and in the winter it is worth clarifying: perhaps on foot to the mountain will rise faster.

 

What to do

1 History and Local Lore "Fortress", Ave. Mira, 11. 10:00-18:00. The fortress built in 1803 was poorly preserved: the gate, part of the wall and the corner tower. She is mentioned by M. Lermontov in the novel "Princess Mary." Now there is a poorly interesting local history museum.
2 Museum-Estate N.A. Yaroshenko, st. Yaroshenko, 1. 09:00 - 18:00 except Tue. The museum of the famous anti-redist artist, who moved to Kislovodsk in the early 1880s, to the resort boom, and built a wooden house (“White Villa”) on his own project. The paintings inside the house are also made by Yaroshenko himself.
3 Organ Hall, 37 Victory Ave., Musical School of Kislovodsk, somewhat unexpected for a regular provincial school has a full -fledged organ. About once a week, commercial organ concerts of the best organists of Russia are held here. Tickets are at the Cashcet of the Philharmonic.
4 Kislovodsk dolphinarium, st. Industrial, 5a (near the bus station, travel Aut. 19, 104). Wed - all 15:00. 600 rub. Small (about 80 seats) dolphinarium. Afalins and cats are protruding.
Concerts "Chaliapin season." Every year in Kislovodsk in the summer (in July or August), the Chaliapinsky season festival is held.

Treatment
Most of the sanatoriums of Kislovodsk specialize in diseases of the heart and digestive organs.

For the public, three shackled Buveta are open:
5 well No. 23 (Zhelyabovskoye Burn), st. Kirova, 3 (angle of Zhelyabov St.).
6 Round Burn, st. Vokzalnaya, 7 (angle of resort.).
Narzed gallery
In all the baves there are medicinal sulfate (weak -breed) and dolomitic Narzans, and in the scratched gallery there is also a common, dining room of Narzan. If you drink water 10-15 minutes before meals, it stimulates gastric secretion, if in one and a half to two hours it slows down.

 

Shopping

Products

There are few grocery stores in the resort part of the city: it is assumed that vacationers live in a sanatorium on full support.

1 supermarket "Globus", Victory Ave., 6. 09:00 - 22:00. Large shopping center: not very close to the park, but in walking distance. On the ground floor there is a supermarket with a good cooking department: salads, meat, pastries.
2 store "Prospekt", Pervomaisky Ave., 10 (shopping center "Seagull"). Conveniently located store, and most importantly - round -the -clock.
3 "Magnet", Ave. Mira, 14. Almost the only store in the western part of the resort zone. May 2016 edit
Fans of sour -milk products should try Karachayevsky Ayran - unlike either Turkish ayran or the one that they do in Central Russia. It is produced in small batches in a number of auls in the vicinity of Kislovodsk, one of the best is Ayran from s. Chestkeken.

 

Souvenirs

4 Corporate store "Kislovodsky Porcelain", Kurortny Prospekt, 17. 10:00 - 19:00. The factory of folk crafts "Phoenix" was founded in the 1930s. And initially she produced products from the bone, but soon switched to the production of porcelain. The best samples of Kislovodsk porcelain are not inferior in quality to the Peterhof Imperial Plant.
5 craft market, st. Park pedestrian. Residents of the surrounding Karachai auls sell mountain honey and the most diverse handmade wool clothes.

 

Eat

1 cafe "Snowflake", st. Kirova, 1a. 08:30 - 22:00. Soup - 90 rubles., Burger - 125 rubles., Donut - 17 rubles. The self-service cafe is trying to please all categories of visitors: there are traditional soups, salads and hot dishes, paste, and fast food, and magnificent donuts act as a branded dessert. All this is delicious and cheap even by Kislovodsk standards. Perhaps the only drawback of this place is high popularity: you have to wait until one of the tables is freed.
12 dining room "Union". 08:30 - 20:00. From the dining room there is a self -service system, and prices and menu are more consistent with the cafe of oriental cuisine. There is pilaf and grilled meat, there is also ordinary chicken noodles.
2 st. Park pedestrian (entrance from the park, opposite the "glass stream").
3 st. Comintern, 3a.
4 dining room "Caucasian captive", st. Vokzalnaya, 2. Interior, menu and prices of the Soviet dining room (borsch - 30 rubles). Mar 2014
5 tavern on the boulevard, Kurortny Ave., 17 (opposite the October Baths). The kitchen is noticeably better than in the surrounding institutions on the resort boulevard, there are unusual dishes like kidneys and brains. Unfortunately, after eight in the evening they include unpleasant loud live music.
6 cafes "Friendship" (at the hotel "Friendship-Rostov"). One of the best establishments in terms of price-quality ratio, a little away from the resort area. Fast polite maintenance, good kitchen and-a rarity in Kislovodsk establishments-free Wi-Fi.
7 Vienna Wafli, Pervomaisky Ave., 1. Waffle - 150 rubles. The format of this small institution is most like a coffee shop, but there is only one species coffee (quite good) here - boiled in a Turk. The title Viennese waffles are made with you and are also very high quality, although not cheap. For some reason, the menu contains kebabs and barbecue.
8 cafe "Chess House" (Lower Park). ☎ +7 (87937) 27-111, +7 (87937) 27-222. 11:00 - 23:00. Soup - 180 rubles, hot - from 250 rubles. Once they really played chess here, and then the building was rebuilt under a cafe, stylized under the castle, with cladding with natural stone and forged lamps. This is a good place for a leisurely lunch, since the waiters are in no hurry, but they are preparing deliciously here. Be sure to try the Azhdar khachapuri - the best in Kislovodsk. Sen
9 cafe "Tea house" (middle park, pine hill). ☎ +7 (87937) 64-939. The choice of teas is really good, but the coffee is mediocre, and the service is extremely slow.
10 cafes "Pine hill" (middle park, in front of the rose valley). Herbal tea - 50 rubles. A tea house, similar to the previous institution in the format, only the food needs to be ordered in the window, and not from the waiter. A branded dish - herbal tea, infused on a dozen different herbs; You can take ice cream and warmed hot dishes.
11 cafes "Red Sun" (on the same grief). One of the few cafes in the mountainous part of the park. For a full food, it is better to go down, but tea on local herbs, as in other institutions, is very good.

 

Hotels

The official offer of housing is very skewed towards the sanatoriums (a small number of grocery stores and cheap cafes are associated with the same). Sanatoriums can be repaired or launched, equipped with modern medical equipment or outdated Soviet equipment, but they all primarily serve vacationers in vouchers (most often corporate). In this regard, the system has changed little since the time of the USSR. Of course, you will be settled without a ticket (especially in the low season), but for traveling for several days the price-quality ratio will not like it. In addition, vacationers in sanatoriums are “tied” to the paid meals at a given time.

Reasonable alternative - renting housing for rent. Even if you came to treatment, it makes sense to pay for the procedures in one of the sanatorium clinics, and live in the private sector. The rental cost depends on the season: in the low season (from November to April with the exception of holidays)-from 1000 rubles per day, in the high season-from 1900-2300 rubles per day (2017).

The hotels are few and therefore roads. They are not focused on spa resort, but on business trips and weekend holidays.

1 Hotel “Friendship-Rostov”, Dzerzhinsky Ave. 22. Hotel at the university: prices are low, but it is better to come during the student holidays.
2 Bayazet Hotel, st. Moskovskaya, 17a. ☎ +7 (928) 653-13-13. On the ground floor of the hotel there is a night club: at night on the weekend it can be noisy.
3 Hotel "Chinara", st. Kirova, 1. Visitors praise cleanliness, but complain about the lack of air conditioners and the Internet.
4 hostel "live simple", st. Herzen, 3a. ☎ +7 (988) 7083242. From 350 rubles. For a bunk. The first hostel of Kislovodsk, opened in 2016 and has already managed to gain dozens of positive reviews. Apparently, it is really clean and comfortable here, and living is the cheapest in the city.

 

Personal safety

Although Kislovodsk is not very high above sea level, the local climate may require short acclimatization.

 

Etymology

The city got its name due to the abundance of sources of medicinal carbonic water "Narzan", which in Russia has long been called "sour water".

 

Geography

Kislovodsk is the southernmost city of the Stavropol Territory. Located 234 km from the city of Stavropol, 64 km from Mineralnye Vody station, in the northern foothills of the Greater Caucasus at an altitude of 750-1200 meters above sea level. It originated from a Russian military fortress founded in 1803. The city owes its origin and name to the source of acidic mineral water Narzan.

 

Location and relief

Kislovodsk is located in the south-west of the Stavropol Territory, practically on the border with Karachay-Cherkessia and Kabardino-Balkaria, 65 km from Mount Elbrus. The city is located in a small and cozy picturesque valley, surrounded by the slopes of the Main Caucasian ridge and formed by the gorges of two confluent rivers - Olkhovka and Berezovka, flowing into the Podkumok river. The length of the valley from southeast to northwest is about 7 km.

The terrain is mountainous, indented with ravines and gullies. The districts of the city are located at different altitudes above sea level. The lowest point of Kislovodsk is 750 m above sea level on the outskirts of the city, and the highest is 1409 m on the Bolshoye Sedlo mountain.

The landscape of the city and its surroundings is very picturesque. The city is surrounded by sandstone and chalk mountains, which form numerous terraces with deep caves and grottoes. Individual blocks of red sandstones have taken on a rather bizarre shape as a result of weathering. These formations are known as "red stones". From the east and southeast, the city is fenced off by a chain of chalk mountains, which together make up the middle part of the Dzhinal ridge (height up to 1542 m). From the north, the Kislovodsk valley is bounded by a chain of terraced chalk mountains of the Borgustan ridge, reaching an altitude of 1209 m above sea level. The Borgustan and Dzhinal ranges are spurs of the Pasture Range, one of the northern ranges of the Greater Caucasus. From the south and southeast, the Kislovodsk valley is bounded by cuestas of the Skalisty ridge - the Kabardinsky ridge up to 1600 m high and the Bermamytsky plateau, indented by the gorges of the Alikonovka, Berezovka and Olkhovka rivers.

 

Climate

The mountains surrounding Kislovodsk protect it from winds and fogs, providing it with a special microclimate. Despite the fact that the city is located in a deep valley among the mountains, the air never stagnates here, as the valley is continuously ventilated by the free flow of fresh mountain air that goes along the river gorges. Kislovodsk is located significantly higher than other resorts of the Caucasian Mineral Waters and is protected by a chain of mountains reaching an altitude of 1200 m in the north, 1400 m in the east and up to 1600 m above sea level in the south of the city, while low stratus clouds coming from the east and south the east rises mainly to an altitude of 1000-1200 m. Because of this, one can observe a sharp change in the weather, leaving Kislovodsk in sunny weather and getting into cloudy weather with rain or snow, after 10 km of the way to the northeast from Kislovodsk, moving to towards the cities of Pyatigorsk and Mineralnye Vody. Thanks to this, Kislovodsk is rightfully considered one of the world's best mountain climatic stations.

The climate is moderately continental with a lot of sunny days. By the number of sunny days Kislovodsk is not inferior to the best resorts in the world. On average, the number of clear days per year, taking into account the lower clouds, in Kislovodsk is about 150, while in Pyatigorsk - 100, in Zheleznovodsk - 112, and in Yessentuki - 117. The number of cloudy days is small - an average of 61 days per year. The number of hours of sunshine in Kislovodsk averages 2093 hours per year. The average annual temperature is about + 7.8 ° C, which is slightly lower than in other resorts of the Caucasian Mineral Waters. The average annual rainfall is the largest among the resorts of KavMinVod - 672 mm, but most of it falls in spring and early summer. The air in Kislovodsk is always clean, mostly dry and invigorating. Kislovodsk stands out among other KavMinVod resorts for its mostly quiet weather, without strong winds and relatively low humidity in winter, which fluctuates from 56 to 70% during the day, which has a beneficial effect on the well-being of holidaymakers. The resort is characterized by constant atmospheric pressure, besides the air pressure in Kislovodsk is relatively low - 689 mm Hg. Art. (normal pressure - 760 mm Hg. Art.), so vacationers experience an increase in strength, a surge of vigor and good mood, which has a beneficial effect on the treatment of patients. The atmospheric pressure in different areas of Kislovodsk can vary greatly, this is due to the difference in altitude, within the city from 750 m to 1200 m above sea level. Also, depending on the height and relief, the air temperature, humidity and wind speed in different parts of the city differ. So the humidity in the lower part of the spa park is usually higher, and in the area of ​​the Temple of Air, for example, lower.

 

Winter in Kislovodsk is moderately mild, dry, with unstable snow cover; cold weather usually occurs in the second half of November or even later. Snowfall is usually light, although the snow that has fallen can stay for 1.5 - 2 months. The coldest month is January (the average January temperature according to observations for 1981–2010 is −2.2 ° C), but with the invasion of air masses of Arctic origin, the air temperature can even drop to −29 ° C, (it is extremely rare), in at the same time, during thaws, it can rise to +18 + 24 ° C. In winter, there are many sunny days, during the day the sun shines for at least 4 hours (which, in the presence of snow cover and a significant height above sea level in the middle and upper park, requires protection of the eyes and exposed skin from the sun's ultraviolet radiation). Calm is often noted in winter. Strong winds are rare, although sometimes cold and strong (up to 20 m / s) east and southeast winds can blow all week. This happens in those periods when the anticyclone intensifies in the northeast, and from the southwest, from the Black Sea, there is a cyclone, due to the large pressure difference and the east and southeast winds increase. From the side of the Dzhinal ridge, it bursts into the Kislovodsk valley unexpectedly and subsides just as abruptly. In winter, the relative humidity is 72% on average.

Spring comes later than in other resorts of the Caucasian Mineral Waters, the weather is changeable and windy, especially in April, there is a change of rains with snowfall, warm weather - cold. Cold weather returns with snowfalls in March, although outbreaks of almost summer heat also occur. In April, it rains more, the average temperature rises, real spring comes, the weather is still changeable, the number of cloudy days is about 6 per month. In May, it is warm, precipitation is mostly abundant, already predominantly thunderstorm.

Summer in Kislovodsk is moderately humid, warm, long, almost never hot, thanks to valley mountain winds in the evening and early morning it is always cool, in summer the difference between night and day air temperatures is 10-15 ° C, the average July-August temperature is 18.4 ° C, the rains are mostly short-term, thunderstorms, from May to July quite frequent and abundant (in May-July the maximum amount of precipitation per month can reach, although not often, even up to 263-297 mm). In summer, the relative humidity in Kislovodsk is about 70%. Thunderstorms are violent and usually short-lived. A rather serious storm in the city took place on July 27, 2018, when the streets turned into seething streams, and a squally wind knocked down trees here and there. Fortunately, such cataclysms are quite rare here, until August 27, 2018, there was a massive flood in June 2002 and in the summer of 1976.

A steady "golden autumn" begins in September. In October, there are still many warm sunny days in Kislovodsk, but the breath of autumn is beginning to be felt, especially at night. Rarely, in October the first snow may fall and immediately melt, or it may be warm and dry like summer. Mostly sunny and dry weather usually lasts until the end of October. There is little precipitation, mostly windless and sunny. In November, night frosts begin and it can be cold in winter, before winter comes. Basically, the average November temperature is +2 + 4 ° C.

In terms of fogs, Kislovodsk is in the best conditions in comparison with other resorts of KMV. In winter in Kislovodsk there are on average 20 days with fog, and in summer - 6 days.

Thunderstorms in Kislovodsk are especially intense. On average, there are 23 thunderstorm days per year. They usually begin in April, most often in June and end in October.

Average annual air temperature - 6.5 ° C (on the hills; in the valley above - + 7.8 ° C)
Relative air humidity - 76.2%
Average annual wind speed - 2.4 m / s (on the hills, in the valley - 1.4 m / s)

 

Vegetation

The city is very green, there are many squares and flower beds. The decoration and pride of Kislovodsk is the Kislovodsk National Park. On the slopes of the mountains surrounding Kislovodsk, there are subalpine meadows, in the vicinity there is mountain-steppe vegetation. In the area of ​​the Dzhinal tract and in the Ocharovaniya valley (mineral springs feeding zone), 70 thousand birches and 30 thousand Crimean pine seedlings have been planted on an area of ​​13 hectares. Numerous orchards are also located in Kislovodsk and its environs. More than 250 species and species of trees and shrubs grow within the city, including cedar, fir, birch, pine, ash, beech, alder, hornbeam, maple, larch, spruce, black walnut, Chinese paulownia, cork tree, and in meadows and more than 800 species of herbaceous plants grow in the forests, such as crocuses of various colors, blueberry, lilies of the valley, medicinal (Solomon's seal), as well as the Caucasian snowdrop, dolomite bellflower, crocus flowers, primroses listed in the Red Book of Russia.

The Kislovodsk forestry is engaged in the protection and protection of forests near the city (including extinguishing forest fires).

 

History

Chronology of settlements
As a result of a two-century study of traces of ancient settlements on the territory of Kislovodsk and in the vicinity of the city, more than 800 archaeological sites were discovered and studied. This made it possible to partially restore the chronology of the cultures that existed on the territory of modern Kislovodsk from the 5th millennium BC. For some historical periods, archaeological sites have not yet been discovered, which does not allow us to reliably judge the settlements of these periods.

Early history
During excavations in the archaeological complex "Kabardinka-2" 10 km south of Kislovodsk, the remains of a settlement of the ancient Koban culture of the Bronze Age (XIII-XII centuries BC) were discovered. The size of the settlement was significant for that time - several dozen houses with an area of ​​16 by 12 meters. Another famous archaeological site is the large Klin-yar complex, located on the western outskirts of Kislovodsk. This complex contains the remains of structures and burials belonging to the Koban (IX-VII centuries BC), Sarmatian and Alanian periods.

XVIII century
By the end of the 18th century, the Kislovodsk Valley was not inhabited. There is information that officially the territory where the source of the Narzan is located did not belong to anyone and constituted the border area between the lands of Greater Kabarda in the east and the lands of the Malo-Abaza tribe in the west. It is only known about the existence in the valley of a small Abaza settlement of the Dzhantemirov family and a sentinel post on Krestovaya Hill (Mount of the Holy Spirit), consisting of two huts, a dugout, a shed for horses and a watchtower. In 1793, the scientist Peter-Simon Pallas visited the Kislovodsk Valley. For the first time, he investigated the source of the narzan in detail, measured the depth of the reservoir of the source, made a description of it, predicting a great future for the narzan, and also made a plan of the area adjacent to the source. The discoverer of the resort seasons in Kislovodsk is considered the commander of the troops on the Caucasian line, Count I.I.Morkov. In 1798, he camped over the spring on Krestovaya Hill, accompanied by his wife and young secretary Alexei Rebrov. Morkov took baths from heated narzan to cure asthma.

19th century
On March 7, 1803, a rescript of Alexander I was issued on the construction of a fortification in the place "where there are sour waters near the Caucasus Mountains." It instructed the inspector of the Caucasian line, Prince PD Tsitsianov, "to bring into action this strengthening, using military servants for this." The Kislye Vody fortress, belonging to the Azov-Mozdok defensive line, was erected on an elevation between the rivers, which later received the names Olkhovka and Berezovka, at a cannon shot distance from the Narzan spring. The construction was carried out by the forces of six companies of the 16th Jaeger Regiment from the Constantinogorsk Fortress from June to October 1803.

The fortress surrounded by a moat had the shape of a Sternschanz star with three acute-angled and two semicircular bastions, on which the cannons were placed. A gate led to the fortress from the north and south-west. On the territory of the fortress there were three officers 'houses, three soldiers' barracks, a provision station, a guardhouse, kitchens, an infirmary, company guards, a powder magazine, a stable, houses with services for guests. An underground passage was dug from the fortress to the river in case of a long siege. A Cossack redoubt with a barracks was set up on the hill opposite the spring. Usually there were two companies of soldiers in the fortress, but in the summer period the garrison was replenished with two more companies of infantry, several dragoon squadrons and a hundred Cossacks. The garrison of the redoubt on the Cossack Hill was also strengthened, pickets were advanced, batteries were installed on the nearest hills. The events of that time are now reminiscent of the names of small mountains - Kazachya, Piketnaya, Battery.

In 1812, the fortress was rebuilt, the turluch buildings were replaced with stone ones, a high stone wall with loopholes and corner towers was erected.

 

The founders and the first inhabitants of Kislovodsk were Russian soldiers who, having served their time in the fortress, remained to live here. Not far from the fortress, on the slopes of the hill now called the Soldier's, they built turluch and adobe houses, covered with reeds or straw, often for 2-3 families. The first streets were the 1st and 2nd Soldiers' and Kabardinskaya streets (after the name of the Kabardin regiment, whose soldiers participated in the rebuilding of the fortress). This is how the Kislovodsk soldier's settlement arose. The Russian population of modern Kislovodsk also came from the Slobozhan.

In the summer, more and more spa guests visited the Kislovodsk spring. In 1812, a 3-bath bath was built (before that, narzan baths were taken in recesses dug in the ground). In 1820, during his first trip to the Caucasus, A.S. Pushkin lived in the Kislovodsk fortress, who came with the family of General N.N.Raevsky. The second time Pushkin visited Kislovodsk in the summer of 1829 during his second trip to the Caucasus; this time the poet first settled in a restaurant, and then moved to the house of A. F. Rebrov.

A special role in the formation and development of Kislovodsk was played by General A.P. Ermolov, thanks to whom the leading edge of the Caucasian line was moved much to the south and the raids of the highlanders stopped. According to his personal idea, in 1822, the government allocated funds for the improvement of the city, in particular, according to the project of the brothers Johann and Joseph Bernardazzi, a 2-storey, luxurious at that time restaurant with a colonnade and a staircase leading down to the park and to the source was built over the spring. A grotto (now Lermontovsky) was built under the stairs. The restaurant had an extensive hall for dances, balls, and also premises for visitors. In addition, in 1823, by order of General Ermolov, work began on the arrangement of the Kislovodsk park.

On August 24, 1836, Kurortny Boulevard was opened. Designed by architect D. Bernardazzi.

In the middle of the 19th century, the Kislovodsk fortress was rebuilt according to the project of the architect S.I.Upton. Among other buildings in Upton, the stone building of the Narzan Gallery in the medieval English style should be mentioned first of all, the construction of which lasted 10 years and ended in 1858. By 1873, Kislovodsk was already well greened: from the turn of the road, an alley of pyramidal poplars ran straight to the gallery. Behind the gallery was a vast and dense park. To the left of the gallery are the houses of private owners. At the end of the park, on the right side of the river, there was a bathhouse built over a cold spring called the Seven-Degree Spring. Now in this place one of the attractions of Kislovodsk - a mirror pond with a Glass Stream.

Famous merchant and noble families, representatives of the capital's intelligentsia, began to settle in Kislovodsk: landowner Alexei Rebrov (M. Yu. Lermontov and L.N. Tolstoy visited his famous house), Fleet General Joseph Debu, Astrakhan merchant, and then the mayor Nikolai Shaikin , Yekaterinodar merchants brothers Tarasov and others. The population of Kislovodsk grew rapidly, for 10 years, from 1881 to 1891, it grew from 1551 to 6000 people.

Of great importance was the construction of a highway from Mineralnye Vody station to Kislovodsk in 1875, and especially the construction of a railway line from Mineralnye Vody, through which the city was connected with the central cities of the country. On May 17, 1894, regular train traffic began on the Mineralnye Vody - Kislovodsk section. In 1895, Kislovodsk received electric lighting from the Bely Ugol hydroelectric station. All this increased the number of visitors, which required an increase in housing construction and an increase in water supply. In 1896, a small mineral water bottling plant was opened.

In 1895, the construction of the Kurhaus was completed. Nearby, in the same year, the construction of a light openwork station building was completed, which, together with the Kurzal, represents a single architectural ensemble. These beautiful buildings are a monument of old architecture. At one time, the Russian writer D. N. Mamin-Sibiryak wrote about Kislovodsk: “A wonderful city, scattering its streets along the steep banks of the river. The general view was very beautiful, and a magnificent station could decorate any capital. " Currently, the railway station has been restored, and opposite the old building, a new station building has been built, erected in style and harmony with the existing one and is, as it were, a mirror image of the old building, but with spacious aprons, a ticket office, a storage room.

Stanitsa Kislovodskaya
On March 14, 1825, four versts to the north of the Kislovodsk fortress, the village of Kislovodskaya was founded. The first inhabitants of the village were 100 families who were resettled here from the village of Aleksandrovskaya in the spring of 1826. Cossacks, engaged in farming and cattle breeding in their free time, supplied the resort and settlement with food. The office of the ataman was in operation, in charge of the stanitsa lands, land, forests and public capital. There were two Christian communities in the village: Orthodox and Old Believers.

 

In 1832, the stanitsa entered the Caucasian line of the Cossack army, and in 1860 - into the Tersk Cossack army, formed from the Caucasian line of the army. Since the mid-50s of the 19th century, the number of Ukrainians has increased in the village. This was the second wave of immigrants, when immigrants from the Voronezh, Poltava, Tambov provinces, from the Ukraine, Don and Khopra arrived in the village. In the second half of the 19th century, 1.5 thousand inhabitants lived in the village.

At the beginning of the 20th century, the Kislovodskaya stanitsa was among the average in size in the region. It was home to from 2.5 to 4.4 thousand people. The village atamans were I. Smirnov, I. Vasyuk, A. Chepko, N. Tribukhin, K. Kozmenko. The Cossack Council was located on the stanitsa square (now - the traffic police administration, the corner of Chaikovskogo and Essentukskaya streets). On the initiative of Ataman Chepko, a village school was built in 1906 (now secondary school No. 9).

XX century
On June 13, 1900, the first fresh water pipeline in the city - "Lermontovsky water pipeline" was put into operation.

On June 25, 1903, by decree of Nicholas II, the Kislovodsk settlement was transformed into a city. Near the Kurzal in the Upper Park, a musical shell was built, named crystal for its high acoustic properties. In 1920-1930, 20 new sanatoriums were created in the city, and another 22 sanatoriums were organized in the reconstructed buildings of boarding houses, mansions, hotels.

On May 16, 1926, regular radio broadcasting began in Kislovodsk.

On February 20, 1932, the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee decided to include the village of Budyonnovskaya with manor lands in the city limits of Kislovodsk.

In 1928, according to the project of the architect P.P. Eskov, in the central part of the city, next to the Main Narzan Baths, the building of the October Baths was built with 60 cabins, which was distinguished by noble external forms, amenities, compact internal layout, abundance of air and light and had a narzan storage with a volume 400 cubic meters. In the same year, the old plant for bottling narzan was rebuilt and mechanized. At the Krepost sanatorium in 1934, a mud bath was built, which provided silt sulphide mud of Lake Tambukan to all patients who came to the resort (the capacity was up to 300 patients). In 1935-1938. in Kislovodsk, excellent sanatoriums were commissioned, such as the sanatorium named after Sergo Ordzhonikidze for 500 beds, built by architects M. Ya. Ginzburg, Popov, S. Ye. Vakhtangov and an architect from Czechoslovakia, J. Shpalek. This sanatorium to this day remains one of the most comfortable resorts in the resort. In the same period, according to the project of the architect M. I. Merzhanov, the “NKVD Sanatorium-Hotel” (now “Kislovodsk”) and the “Krasnye Kamni” sanatorium were built, which are distinguished by luxury and maximum amenities.

All 20 sanatoriums built in Kislovodsk before the Great Patriotic War were made in compliance with high sanitary requirements and with maximum convenience for patients. The external forms of the buildings are modern, the areas are landscaped and adapted for relaxing rest and treatment. They still serve the people. The buildings of the sanatoriums are architectural monuments of Russian architecture of the 1930s. After the start of the Great Patriotic War, the further development of the resort was disrupted, Kislovodsk was turned into a hospital base. In August 1941, 36 hospitals were deployed on the basis of sanatoriums, boarding houses and hotels.

In August 1942, the city was captured by Nazi troops. The occupation lasted 5 months.

On January 11, 1943, Kislovodsk was liberated from the Nazi invaders.

By 1950, all the sanatoriums and medical institutions of the resort were completely restored, large hydrogeological surveys were carried out, which made it possible to increase the stocks of narzan for balneological purposes. Together with the restoration work, new construction and improvement of the city began. According to the project of the architect A. A. Ol, the first-class sanatoriums "Mountain Peaks" and "Piket" were built in 1951 and put into operation. In 1952, the "Mountain Air" sanatorium, built in the palace style, and the "Moscow" sanatorium were commissioned. In 1955, the collective farm "Russia" of the Novoaleksandrovsky district of the Stavropol Territory built a wonderful sanatorium "Kolos" for collective farmers. All new health resorts are equipped with modern equipment, they provide maximum comfort for patients. The state spent more than 600 million rubles on the development of the resort, its restoration, reconstruction and improvement.

 

On August 20, 1953, the Kislovodsk region was abolished. Its territory was transferred to the Kislovodsk City Executive Committee.

By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR dated May 29, 1958, the village of Kislovodskaya was included in the city of Kislovodsk. State farms, collective farms and subsidiary farms of the former village were transferred to the Piedmont region, formed on November 23, 1959.

On June 5, 1964, the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR decided to restrict the residence of citizens in the resort cities of Pyatigorsk, Kislovodsk, Zheleznovodsk, Yessentuki, Mineralnye Vody and the adjacent settlements of the Stavropol Territory.

On October 14, 1980, Kislovodsk was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree for the great selfless work in the treatment and restoration of the health of soldiers, a significant contribution to the development of health care and for the successes achieved in economic and cultural construction.

XXI Century
The resort park of the city of Kislovodsk was renamed into the Kislovodsk national park of federal significance with an area of ​​965.8 hectares by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 02.06.2016 No. 493.