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Hotels, motels and where to sleep
Livny is a city (since 1586) in the Orel region of
Russia, the administrative center of the Livny district, which is
not included. Being a city of regional importance, the city district
of Livny forms a municipality. Livny is the second largest city in
the region and one of three cities of regional subordination located
on its territory. The city of Livny is recognized as one of the most
comfortable cities in Russia, category III (2nd place in 2008 and
3rd place in 2007).
The city of Livny received its name from
the name of the rivers, at the confluence of which it was originally
founded. This Livna Field and Livna Forest
The oldest surviving monument of history and architecture of
Liven is the St. Sergius Cathedral of the Archbishop of Oryol and
Liven built in the 17th century. In addition, in the city, in its
central part, there are many buildings for various purposes that
arose at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries. A significant number
of them are marked with memorial plaques. For example, the buildings
of the Theological School and the Russian-Asian Bank presented below
in the photo gallery.
Near the modern city limits, you can
see a very interesting example of an old industrial building - the
Adam's mill. Created at the end of the 19th century using the latest
reinforced concrete elements of the building and an electric drive
from the turbine to the millstones, it was one of the largest
enterprises of its time.
The city has a local history museum
with an art gallery, libraries, cinemas, several parks and sports
facilities, a number of higher, secondary and primary educational
institutions, as well as the Liven Children's Art School.
In
the suburb of Liven, there is the Lipovchik Memorial, erected on the
site of the executions by the Soviet authorities of the inhabitants
of the city and the surrounding area, which took place in 1937-1938.
Livny is part of the Turquoise Ring of Russia tourist route.
Livny accordions
Pre-revolutionary Livny were known for their
accordions. Its prototype came to Russia from Germany in the 30s of
the XIX century. In 1860, such German instruments began to be
produced in Tula. Their feature was a different tone of sound when
moving apart and collecting furs. Something similar has remained
until now with German harmonicas. When, according to the Tula model,
they decided to open production in Livny, the design of the
accordion was noticeably reworked. Among other things, the tone of
the sound ceased to depend on the direction of movement of the
bellows, and in general, a new original instrument was actually
created. Initially, the livenka was single-voiced. That is, when a
key was pressed, one valve opened and this led to the appearance of
one sound. Later, two- and even three-voice instruments appeared
with a difference in tones of one octave.
Pleshkovsky pottery
craft
Livny places are also known for their pottery.
A
hundred meters from the village of Pleshkovo, named after its
founder back in the 16th century, there is a deposit of refractory
clay, the volume of which is estimated at 4 million tons. Local
residents, not being able to fully support themselves by farming,
were forced to look for additional earnings, which became pottery.
In 1880, the "Index of crafts of the Oryol province" reported that
"... the Pleshkovsky craft is of considerable antiquity." However,
its heyday coincided only with the beginning of the 20th century;
then in the village there were about 100 households, where about 500
people lived.
Until 1929, potters worked alone. Then they
were combined into a promartel, which produced both homemade clay
products - dishes, toys, etc., and bricks. There were about 15
masters working on the potter's wheel. About 50 more were involved
in the preparation of clay and the production of bricks. Bricks were
made exclusively in the summer directly at the place where clay was
mined, and dishes were made all year round, indoors. The firing was
carried out in special furnaces arranged for fire-fighting purposes
far from housing. Small toys, usually whistling, were fired in home
ovens (sometimes simultaneously with cooking). Firewood for firing,
due to the lack of forest, was purchased everywhere in the district,
where dilapidated buildings were sold for scrap.
Work in the
artel required great physical strength, especially in the
preparation of clay. Everything was done by hand; mechanization was
present only in the form of horses. Only after the Great Patriotic
War, stoves began to be heated with fuel oil instead of firewood.
Pleshkov products sold well at numerous fairs in the Oryol and
Kursk provinces. The high quality of clay and the skill of the
craftsmen ensured the production of light, elegant and durable
products. The dishes were generally made “what a ring”, and it
really rang when it was hit with a click.
The range of dishes
was quite wide. These are kitchen and flower pots, jugs, bowls,
plates, mugs, kvass for making kvass, large vessels of 10-20 liters
(makitra) for storing bulk and liquid products. From building
products they made (except for bricks of various shapes) chimneys,
tiles and tiles for lining furnaces, tiles for roofing.
Whistle toys were usually made by the female part of Pleshkovo. They
did not bring any noticeable income and were sold literally for a
penny, but they were in great demand as a gift to children from the
fair. Usually these were dolls, soldiers, ducks, horses; all of them
were adapted for whistling: in animals or birds, the whistle was
built into the tail, and in the soldiers or the lady, the right hand
whistled. Sometimes the whistle contained several additional holes,
which made it possible to play along with the simplest melodies.
The workshop of the Pleshkovskaya promartel of potters ceased to
exist in 1952. The metallurgical, glass, porcelain and faience
industries, which had recovered by this time, significantly reduced
the demand for clay products. Along with the promartel, the
production of Pleshkov toys gradually disappeared.
Slavic
garden
In the summer of 2017, at the initiative of the Livny
businessman S. A. Klushin and in agreement with the city
administration, an abandoned square on Oktyabrskaya Street was
cleared and a new recreation place for citizens called the
Slavyansky Garden began to be created. Its total area is 4.33
hectares. A significant part of the work was carried out by local
enthusiastic residents and organized at the end of 2017 by the
Centralized Association of Volunteer Movements (TSOVD) in Livny
"Orion". Co-financing of the population, legal entities and
individual entrepreneurs amounted to about 1 million rubles in
2018-19. In 2019, a Presidential grant was received for the
arrangement of the Slavyansky Garden. Joint efforts made it possible
to equip in 2019-20 not only a recreation area for citizens, but
also a playground for children, a skate park for lovers of extreme
rides, a sports ground with exercise equipment, and to organize a
number of children's circles, that is, the Garden has become a
full-fledged venue leisure activities.
The formation of the
Slavic garden was not without difficulties. So, after an appeal in
April 2018 by the local Bishop Nektariy to the townspeople in
Livenskaya Gazeta, where the creators of the Slavic Garden were
accused of holding cult pagan meetings, local Cossacks attempted to
destroy his property.
The problems of the development of the
Slavic garden can be overcome. In particular, in 2020, an archery
shooting range was opened, a squirrel cage was equipped and now 15
squirrels live in the Garden, from the side of the street. October,
a wooden entrance arch was created, which became its decoration,
lamps, benches, urns were installed. In addition, the path to the
archery shooting range has been asphalted. The work was carried out
as part of the national project "Housing and the urban environment"
and the municipal program "Formation of a modern urban environment
on the territory of the city of Livny in 2018-2024". Even during the
spread of the 2020 coronavirus, activities did not stop. For
example, the Orion CEC attracted a Presidential grant for the
implementation of a project to renew circles and sections during a
pandemic. In 2021, as part of the next stage of landscaping the
Slavyansky Sad park, Stroyspektr LLC will complete the scope of work
for a total amount of 12.47 million rubles.
Temples Liven
The beginning of the construction of fortresses in Rus'
traditionally began on one of the Orthodox holidays and was combined
with the laying of the Cathedral Church corresponding to the
holiday. For the Livny fortress, the so-called Small Ostrozhka, in
1586 the Trinity became the laying day, and the temple,
respectively, was the Cathedral Church of the Life-Giving Trinity,
whose location approximately corresponded to the center of the
modern city park. Later, as the population grew, in addition to the
Trinity Cathedral with the limit of the Nativity of the Virgin,
there appeared the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker and the
Resurrection of Christ with a maiden monastery, the Prophet Elijah
with the limit of Dmitry Thessalonica, St. Paraskeva Pyatnitsa, the
Ascension Church.
Initially, all city buildings, including
churches, were wooden and suffered from frequent fires. The first
stone temple was built in 1664 Sergievsky temple of the monastery.
And the massive use of stone for construction began only after the
next "great fire" that happened in 1774.
Since the beginning
of the 20th century, after the October Revolution, by decision of
the authorities, the Livny temples began to be closed and gradually
sorted out for building materials. The last of them, the Sergius
Church, stopped working in 1938. It became the only one restored
under Soviet rule - this happened in 1948.
From the end of
the 20th century, after the completion of Perestroika, temples began
to be erected again in Livny. This time not only Orthodox, but also
Evangelical Christian Baptists. There is also a certain need for a
Muslim religious building.
Antiquity Livny
Since ancient times, there has been an opinion
about the fame of the city since the XII century. For example, G.
Pyasetsky expressed it, arguing in 1893 that “there is no doubt that
Livny belongs to the number of the most ancient cities of the Oryol
province, since they not only existed in the 12th century, but were then
already a princely city.”
The opinion was based on three cited
facts:
In 1888, Stefan Yegorovich Zverev, a teacher at the Voronezh
Theological Seminary and a member of the Academic Ryazan Archival
Commission, found a handwritten collection of 1667 in the private
library of Mr. Muromtsev in the village of Balovnev, Dankovsky district,
Ryazan province. The genealogy of the Ryazan princes was placed there,
where on sheet 287 the children of Prince Gleb Rostislavich of Ryazan
(who died in 1177) were mentioned, who were sitting “on Livny and
Voronezh”.
V. N. Tatishchev (1686-1750) hesitated in the name of
Prince Svyatoslav (XIII century) Lipetsk or Livetsky, that is, Livensky.
S. M. Solovyov (1820-1879), echoing V. N. Tatishchev, believed that the
territory of the reign of Svyatoslav and his very activities
corresponded more to Livny than to Lipetsk.
In the 70s of the XX
century, at the Livny entrance, the date of foundation was placed in the
name of the city - 1180, and there was even talk about the imminent
celebration of the 800th anniversary. However, after a request from the
city's leadership, the Main Archival Administration of the USSR
officially announced that the fortress city of Livny was founded in 1586
and that the Central State Archive of Ancient Acts does not have any
other documents. Therefore, by the end of the 1970s, the date at the
entrance was changed to the current one, reported by the archive
department, and the celebration was postponed to 1986. The memory of an
earlier year of foundation remained only in some editions and in the
form of panels on the main street. There is also a memorial plaque on
awarding the city with an order in connection with the 400th
anniversary.
Today, the arguments of G. Pyasetsky are not
considered sufficiently weighty, since the opinions of V. N. Tatishchev
and S. M. Solovyov are, in fact, only doubts that are not supported by
documents. By the way, in modern publications (for example, by V. N.
Tatishchev), Svyatoslav, who fell into the chronicles of 1284-1285, is
unequivocally called Lipetsk. The documents found by Stefan Zverev seem
to have perished in a fire without a trace (however, just like the
original "The Tale of Igor's Campaign").
Apparently, the
ambiguity of the founding year of Lieven comes from their actually
double birth.
The first is "spontaneous economic"; occurred in
the XII century in the forest at the confluence of the rivers Livna
Polevaya and Livna Lesnaya. This is confirmed by the ongoing excavations
of the ancient settlement, the remains of which are attributed to
1150-1200 years. According to S.P. Volkov, the first birth ended with
the destruction of the settlement by the hordes of Batu Khan in 1237.
The second is “decree-defense”; happened according to the Decree of
1586 relatively close to the place of the first, four kilometers to the
south, at the confluence of the Livna River (now Livenki) into the Sosna
River (that is, on the very border of the Nogai and Moscow territories).
It is this discontinuity of time and place of existence that is the
reason for the discrepancies in the date of birth of the city.
We
note one interesting feature of dating the year of foundation in 1586.
It was mentioned above that both Livny and Voronezh were founded this
year by the same decree of Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich. However, it is
officially considered that Voronezh is a year older than Liven, that is,
it was founded in 1585.
The legend of the bell
Poems were
written by S. N. Bulgakov in his youth. They are about a real romantic
story, almost a legend about the city of Kitezh. Allegedly, in the old
days, when in the Kremlin, which stood on a steep slope above Pine, they
undertook to install a large Bell, it suddenly fell off, rolled down the
mountain and drowned in the river. As you know, there is no bottom
there, and therefore they did not even try to get it. From that time
until now, before every big news, its dull roar is heard at night from
under the water.
Caches and dungeons
As in any ancient city,
in Livny you can hear about various underground galleries that have
survived from antiquity. Something is confirmed in the documents:
In the late 70s of the 20th century, the Orlovskaya Pravda newspaper
published an article in which it was reported that during the demolition
of the remains of the New Nikola Church, located at the intersection of
F. Dzerzhinsky and M. Gorky streets, a deep well was found in the
basement. There was no water in it, but there were horizontal passages
in the lower part. To avoid tragic accidents, the well was leveled with
a bulldozer. But even now this place can be easily found by the
sculpture of a student of a vocational school.
In the 80s of the last
century, the Orel historian and local historian Vladimir Mikhailovich
Nedelin found a plan of the Livny fortress of the end of the 17th
century in the Russian Military Historical Archive. There was marked an
underground passage from the Kremlin (now it is the territory of the
city park) to the left bank of the Sosna. Apparently, the passage could
serve to supply water to the defenders of the fortress.
In 1644, the
governor of Livny I. Buturlin, in a letter to the Sovereign and Grand
Duke Mikhail Fedorovich, reported that one of the two underground caches
that were in Livny had collapsed. But due to the lack of forest, there
is no way to restore it.
Bribe-takers of the 19th century
Many
county towns embellish their history with stories about the laying of
the railway. Where they gave a bribe and, having made a detour, the road
passed nearby, and where, along with the detour, even someone else's
name of the station was assigned to their city. Livny is a modest
settlement. The railway legend is also modest. It is said that in 1864
Livny merchants and industrialists distributed bribes to officials in
the Ministry of Railways so that the Moscow-Kursk railway, which was
under construction, was carried through Livny. But the Oryol-Mtsensk
competitors found out about this and bought out the tsarist Ministry of
Railways. Nothing is known about the return of the vain bribe to the
Livens. This legend, if you look at the map, raises serious doubts. The
railway from Moscow to Kursk could pass either through Orel or through
Livny. It is hard to imagine that in such a situation they would not
prefer a provincial city. Yes, and it is still wiser to give bribes at
the design stage.
Tragedy at the Adam's Mill
The history of
the mill is connected with the tragic suicide of its customer, Adamov's
father, Fyodor Ivanovich. The reason given by S. P. Volkov is as
follows:
The mill in every sense was a miracle of the then
technology, combining the most advanced achievements in building
technology and engineering equipment. Designed by the son of Fedor
Ivanovich Adamov - Mikhail Fedorovich, then still a student of the
Petrovsky-Razumov Agricultural Academy. Like any miracle, the mill
demanded the utmost effort from the creators. However, the burden turned
out to be an unbearable burden for Adam's father.
The energy of
the water was transmitted to the millstones of the mill by means of
electricity. That is, in essence, it was a hydroelectric power plant
that fed all the mill mechanisms. It so happened that the hydroturbines
could not turn over on the day of launch. This was a disaster for Adam's
father, who spent about five million rubles on the construction site.
There was a nervous breakdown, he went mad and hanged himself the same
day.
Subsequently, the mill was successfully launched by the
designer and heir - Mikhail Fedorovich Adamov.
For the first time the city was mentioned in the collection of the
17th century in the genealogy of the Ryazan princes under 1177. Not
mentioned in chronicles. It was the center of the specific Livensky
principality, which was part of the Principality of Ryazan. Modern
excavations have determined the location of this place, located 4 km
from the present city upstream of the Livenka - at the confluence of the
Livna Lesnaya and Livna Polevoy rivers. It is called Klyuchevskoy
settlement by archaeologists. The ancient settlement was a small
settlement, fortified around the perimeter, with a total area of about
450 m². That is, a settlement, of which there were half in Ancient Rus'.
This first city was completely destroyed in the XIII century during the
Western campaign of Batu. At the same time, the Livensky specific
principality also disappeared.
The revival took place only after
300 years. The strengthening Moscow principality, which now included the
Livny lands, needed to protect its borders. Therefore, since 1571, among
73 other fortified points of the southern border (watchman), Ust-Livny
on the Sosna River also appeared.
Surrounded by a tyn with
observation towers and gates, service and residential huts, an alarm and
a church, the Livny guard guarded the bank of the Pine, 21 miles long,
from the mouth of the Truda River to the mouth of the Kunach River.
In 1586, a decree of Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich was issued, saying: “... on
the Pine, before reaching Oskol, two bottoms, it was ordered to put the
city of Livny, and on the Don, in Voronezh, not reaching the rich
backwater, two bottoms, it was ordered to put the city of Voronezh ...
what will be to report on Livny about the arrival of military people in
the sovereign Ukraine - from Liven to send with news to Voronezh - and
from Voronezh, therefore, send to Livny with news.
The role of
Lieven of that time is revealed by at least two sources. The first is a
letter from the Jesuits Chizhevsky and Lavitsky, sent to Putivl to
supporters of False Dmitry I in February-March 1605. In addition to the
message about the transition of Liven to the side of the impostor, it
says: "... Livny is not inferior in size to Putivl, the importance of
this city in wartime is exceptionally great." The second mention can be
found in the notes of Captain Jacques Margeret, a contemporary,
adventurer and professional mercenary who traveled in 1590-1606: “...
the country is inhabited only up to Liven, located about 700 miles from
Moscow. Behind them there are various cities, namely: Borisov city,
Tsarev city and others. This Tsarev City is almost 1000 miles removed
from the said Lieven. These cities are constantly being populated; the
land is found very fertile, but they dare to work it only in the
vicinity of cities. Thus, by the end of the 16th century, Livny and
Voronezh became part of the southern borders, which later became part of
the Bolshaya Zasechnaya line. They defended the state from raids from
the Don steppes.
In the summer of 1618, 20 thousand Cossacks, led
by Sagaidachny, moved through Livny to Moscow, capturing Putivl, Rylsk,
Kursk, Valuyki, Yelets, Lebedyan, Dankov, Skopin, Ryazhsk along the way,
cutting the space between Kursk and Kromy. The Livny people put up
fierce resistance, but the forces turned out to be too unequal:
according to the painting of 1618, there were only 940 people in the
Livny garrison. "Livensky ruin" is reflected in the annals. Here is how
the battle near Livny is depicted in the Belsk Chronicle:
And he, pan
Saadachnoy, came from Cherkasy near the Ukrainian city near Livny, and
took Livny by storm, and shed much Christian blood, innocently flogged
many Orthodox peasants with their wives and children, and committed
desecration of many Orthodox Christians and desecrated and ruined the
churches of God and he plundered all the Christian houses and took many
wives and children into captivity.
In 1778, Livny became a
district town of the Livny district as part of the Oryol viceroy (since
1796 - the Oryol province).
In the 19th century, Livny became a
major trade and craft center of the Oryol province. Bread, hemp, salt,
cattle were traded here. Various crafts developed, including the
production of Russian accordion-livenka. In 1838, there were 745 houses
in Livny, including 49 made of stone. The economic development of the
city was strengthened by the passage of the Oryol-Gryazskaya railway
through Livny in 1871, and then its extension in 1896. In 1891, there
were already 1434 wooden buildings and 383 stone ones in the city, 28
enterprises were operating, including an iron foundry, three soap
factories, two flour mills and a malt factory. In 1901, a vodka
distillery appeared in Livny.
In January-February 1918, power in
Livny and the district passed into the hands of the Soviet of Workers',
Soldiers' and Peasants' Deputies. In August 1918, a powerful
anti-Bolshevik uprising took place in the Livensky district. The rebels
managed to clear the center of the district - Livny - from the
Bolsheviks. After the arrival of reinforcements from Orel, the
Bolsheviks returned Livny under their control; the forces of the rebels
were dispersed and destroyed.
In mid-October 1919, during a
campaign against Moscow, the Markovites occupied Livny without a fight,
who were greeted with flowers in the city. But already on November 3,
the Markov units left Livny, retreating to the south.
Since July
30, 1928, the city has been the center of the Livensky district of the
Oryol district of the Central Chernozem region (since 1937 - the Oryol
region).
On April 28, 1962, the city of Livny was classified as a
city of regional subordination.
Since January 1, 2006, Livny has
formed the urban district "City of Livny".
By decree of the
Governor of the Orel Region No. 276 dated June 6, 2016, for the courage,
steadfastness and heroism shown by the defenders of the city in the
struggle for independence and freedom of the Fatherland, the city was
awarded the honorary title of the Oryol Region "Settlement of military
prowess".
By train
A commuter train from Orel runs to Livny once a day, but
the line is not electrified, and the train runs for 4 hours - much
faster and more convenient to get by bus. From Friday to Sunday,
commuter trains from Kursk run to Livny, which also take 4 hours.
Station Livny-1. The main railway station of the city.
By bus
Livny is connected by bus to Orel (every 20-40 minutes from 6.00 to
19.30), Voronezh (2 times a day), Yelets (1 time per day), Kursk (2
times a day), Moscow (4 times a day).
Bus station, st. Kirov, 1.
By car
The P119 highway passes through the city, which connects
Oryol and Tambov.
Hotel "Livny", Lenin str., 21. ☎ +7 (48677) 2-30-13.
Hotel
"Cinderella", st. Gaidar, d.1k. ☎ +7 (48677) 3-20-74.
Administrative status
In accordance with the Charter, the city of
Livny is a municipal formation - with the status of an urban district
and a city of regional significance in accordance with the Law of the
Oryol Region dated November 19, 2004 No. 449-OZ "On the Status and
Borders of the City of Livny, Oryol Region."
Governing bodies
The structure of the local government of the city of Livny is:
the
representative body of the municipality is the Livny City Council of
People's Deputies;
the highest elected official of the municipality -
the head of the city of Livny;
the executive and administrative body
of the municipality is the administration of the city of Livny;
the
control and accounting body of the municipality is the Chamber of
Control and Accounts of the city of Livny, Orel Region.
Livny City
Council of People's Deputies - accountable to the population of Livny,
consists of 32 deputies elected during municipal elections for 5 years.
The chairman is responsible for organizing the activities of the Livny
City Council. He is elected by this body from among its members by
secret ballot. The Chairman of the Livny City Council is controlled by
the population of Livny and works on a permanent basis.
The head
of the city of Livny - heads the Liven administration and leads it on
the principles of personal responsibility and unity of command. The head
of the city works on a permanent basis, is controlled by the population
of Liven and the city Council of People's Deputies. He is elected for a
term of 5 years on the basis of universal, equal, direct and secret
suffrage.
The administration of the city of Livny is permanent,
empowered to resolve issues of local importance and carry out certain
state tasks assigned by federal laws and laws of the Oryol region. The
head of the city administration ex officio is the head of Liven. The
structure of the city administration is approved by the city Council of
People's Deputies on the proposal of the head of the city.
The
Chamber of Control and Accounts of the city of Livny is a permanent
control body of local self-government. It is formed in order to control
the execution of the local budget, report on its execution, as well as
control, management and disposal of municipal property. It is formed by
the City Council at the suggestion of the head of Liven. It is also
accountable to the City Council. Its work is supervised by the chairman
appointed to the position (for a period of 5 years) at the suggestion of
the head of the city by the Livny Council of People's Deputies. The
chairman and employees of the Chamber of Control and Accounts work on a
permanent basis.
The largest enterprises of the city:
JSC "Avtoagregat" -
production of filters and filter elements
JSC HMS "Livgidromash"
(Pumping plant HMS PUMPS) - production of pumps
OJSC "Livensky plant
of fire fighting engineering"
LLC "Livenskaya confectionery factory"
- production of confectionery
JSC "Livnynasos" - production of
submersible pumps
JSC "PTK" Livensky branch - urban passenger
transportation
OAO Prompribor — production of oilfield service
equipment
LLC "Livny-Electro" - production of wiring accessories and
lighting products
Livenskaya CHPP is a combined heat and power plant,
which is part of JSC "Quadra - Power Generation".