Lysogorskaya is a village in the Georgievsky district (urban district) of the Stavropol Territory of the Russian Federation. The village is located 17 km west of the city of Georgievsk at the foot of Mount Lysaya (height 739 m), from which the name of the village comes from. The relief is plain. Natural resources are represented by fertile soils. Near the village there is a forest, which is part of the Debri nature reserve. The length of the village is 7 km. Located near the Pyatigorsk - Georgievsk highway. The Vinogradnaya railway station is 17 km away.
The village of Lysogorskaya arose about 200 years ago. It was founded
by settlers from the villages of Aleksandriyskaya and Podgornaya in a
picturesque place on the left bank of the Podkumka - where now every
summer a sea of ripe ears, boundless by the eye, is agitated.
Previously, the road from Georgievsk to Pyatigorsk passed here, to the
north of it stretched the fields of the Alexandrian Cossacks, and on the
right bank of the Podkumka, just where the village is located today,
there was a huge swamp. Its remains have survived to this day in the
form of small reservoirs-mochaks.
To the south of the swamp and
on the slopes of the mountain, a dense deciduous forest rustled, but no
trees grew on the top, so the mountain seemed bald from afar, for which
it received its name.
M. Yu. Lermontov, heading from Georgievsk
to Pyatigorsk, described these places as follows: “The first mountain
located on this path from Georgievsk is Lisya, or, as they call it here,
Bald .... Opposite Lisya Gora, on this side of the river, there is a
Cossack post. One hut, enclosed by a wicker fence with a thorn top,
serves as protection for several Cossacks. The sentry on the stage,
standing with a gun, watches in all directions ... ".
Now the
former Cossack post is reminiscent of only solitary, almost completely
embedded in the ground, crosses. Here, in memory of the glorious Cossack
past, an Orthodox cross was erected. By the way, Mount Lysaya is a
laccolith (a failed volcano), its height is 723 m.
From Lysa, 4
cities are immediately visible - Pyatigorsk with Zheleznovodsk and
Mineralnye Vody with Georgievsk.
But the main charm of the
landscapes that open from the Lysogorsky slopes is the snowy chains of
the Caucasus, headed by the two-headed giant Elbrus. From Mount Lysoy in
clear weather, other mountains are clearly visible - laccoliths of the
KMV: Golden Kurgan, Yutsa, Dzhutsa, Mashuk, Beshtau, Zheleznaya,
Razvalka, Bull and Zmeyka.
But it was not the picturesque area
that prompted the Cossacks to settle here, but a great need.
Back
in 1836, a detachment of highlanders from the village of Babukov, which
was located on the right bank of the Podkumka opposite the village of
Nezlobnaya, raided the villages of Alexandria (the old name of
Alexandria) and Podgornaya.
The highlanders attacked on a dark
rainy night, and the Cossacks were taken by surprise. The villages
burned like big fires, and by morning many residents were left without
shelter and property. The fire victims, whose fields were near Mount
Lysaya, preferred to move closer to their allotments. Among them were
the families of the Rusanovs, Evsyukovs, Bessalovs, Potapovs, Frolovs,
Tolstovs.
So by the autumn of the same year, a small Cossack
settlement was formed on the left bank of the Podkumka.
But in
the new place, a serious inconvenience was discovered - the lack of
fresh water. Therefore, in 1860, the villagers began to move from the
left bank of Podkumka to the right, to the foot of the mountain.
By that time, the swamp had almost dried up, and fertile soil remained
in its place, suitable for laying orchards. This circumstance was very
attractive to the poor Cossacks, who dreamed of increasing their
incomes. They were not even afraid of malaria, which often affected
those who moved to the right bank.
Cossacks Lysenko, Naydenov,
Markov, Barmashov began to plant gardens. Houses were built by choosing
drier and better places, so the streets in this part of the village are
crooked. When a wealthy merchant by the name of Onorov moved to
Nizhnyaya Lysogorka (settlements formed on the right bank), the name
Onorovka was assigned to it by the people. And Upper Lysogorka was
called Medvedevka, after the name of another merchant, rich and very
merciful to orphans, widows and the poor, who gave loans, but did not
demand repayment of the debt.
The resettlement from Verkhnyaya
Lysogorka to Nizhnyaya continued for several decades. Some villagers in
their memoirs say that it basically ended by 1892, others call 1897, and
still others claim that it lasted until the revolution itself. One way
or another, but the settlement on the left bank ceased to exist, and
only the old cemetery with gravestones, crosses carved from stone, on
which inscriptions have been preserved in some places, has survived to
this day.
to natural attractions. Lysogorskaya must be attributed
to the sources of mineral waters. Two of them - thermal and narzan - are
located on the slope of Mount Lysaya. And the most famous is “Useful”,
discovered back in the 19th century - in the steppe, northeast of Mount
Lysaya.
The main attraction of st. Lysogorskaya is the Church of
the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary. The church began to be built in
the 1870s
designed by an unknown author by specially invited
craftsmen from Voronezh. The church is wooden, which is unusual for our
region, from wooden beams fixed in grooves - not a single nail was used
during construction.
The most famous memorial complex of the
village is the Monument to the inhabitants of the village of
Lysogorskaya, who died during the Civil and Great Patriotic Wars, the
Alley of Memory and Glory. The monument is included in the list of
historical and cultural monuments of the Stavropol Territory.
The
modern village of Lysogorskaya is a multinational settlement. After the
Russians, the second largest group of the population are Armenians.
Therefore, it is no coincidence that the appearance in the village of an
unusual for the Cossack culture, but characteristic of the culture of
Armenia, “Khachkar”. This is a memorial place, the “Holy Stone”, on
which the cross appears in relief. Nearby are comfortable tables and
benches for rest and commemoration. Khachkar was installed in 2007.
In 2008, the Heraldic Commission approved the symbolism of the
village of Lysogorskaya: coat of arms, flag and banner. The coat of arms
of the municipality is a golden shield under a scarlet top with four
teeth on an azure lowered, truncated pyramid, seated with a scarlet
guard tower, a silver clawed cross. Under the shield on a gold ribbon
there is a scarlet lettered motto: "For each Cossack there is his own
river, and the Fatherland is one for all!"
Church of the Nativity of the
Blessed Virgin
The wooden church in the village was built by
Voronezh craftsmen without a single nail in 1875-1877 on the “skin
of a ram”: a thin cord was cut from a well-made skin and girded
around the place that now occupies the churchyard.
Cossacks-villagers saved the temple from destruction in 1937,
revived it during the Great Patriotic War, achieved the status of a
historical monument in the midst of the Khrushchev "thaw"
(1960-1965), when another wave of struggle against religion began.
To this day, the temple has been preserved almost in its original
form.
The grave of the communists
P.M.Borshchakov, E.V. Vodobshin and the OGPU representative Bosch
Monument to V.I.Lenin. 1965 year
Mass grave of soldiers who died
during the Civil and Great Patriotic Wars. 1969 year
Kindergarten No. 17 "Crane". Opened February 14, 1963
Kindergarten
No. 22 "Rainbow". Opened December 31, 1968
Secondary school No. 15
Children's art school. Opened in 1969 as a children's music school. In
1985 a new building of the music school was built. Since 1992, the
current name.
SPK-collective farm "Podkumok"
Mass media
The newspaper "My
Village - Lysogorskaya". Founded in 2006, published monthly,
distributed. Hasn't been released since 2017.
Rural house of culture. Opened December 31, 1961 (according to other
sources October 22)
Rural library. Opened March 15, 1927
Hospital
On the left side of the highway Georgievsk - Pyatigorsk, 150 m from the
fork to the village of Lysogorskaya, there is an open cemetery with an
area of 55,155 m². Within the boundaries of the village there is another
open cemetery with an area of 49477 m² (the site is located about 1 km
from the landmark in the southwest direction)