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Mglin is a city in Russia, the administrative center of Mglinsky district of the Bryansk region. It forms Mglinskoe urban settlement. The city is located on the Sudynka River, a tributary of the Voronusa Iputi Basin, 125 km from Bryansk.
It is located on the Sudynka River, a tributary of the Voronusa in the Iput basin, 125 km from Bryansk.
Mglin is one of the oldest cities in the Bryansk region. It is
located on the steep bank of the Sudynka River, 125 km from Bryansk
and 28 km from the Unecha railway station. The city got its name
from the word mist, which, obviously, is connected with the nature
of the area. In the old days, Mlyn was surrounded by dense forests,
in which it was gloomy and hazy even during the day. A large amount
of greenery, linden and birch alleys on the streets, hilly terrain,
the proximity of the wide floodplain of Sudynka make the city and
its environs unusually picturesque even today.
In ancient
times, Mglin was the scene of battles between the Russian people and
the Crimean Tatars, Lithuanians, Poles, Swedes, and French. The name
of Mount Stolpishche speaks about the past of the region. During
enemy raids, there was a pillar with a resin barrel, which was set
on fire when the enemy appeared. This served as an alarm.
According to the historian of the Russian state N.M. Karamzin, on
the site of the present Mglin in the 12th century, there was the
ancient city of Zara, which was completely destroyed by the Tatars.
Then it was restored, and from 1387. with the new name Mglin, he
became dependent on Lithuania and the Lithuanian-Polish state.
In 1652 the city finally passed to the Russian state. But the
invaders did not let up. In 1661, Mglin again repulsed the fierce
attack of the Crimean Tatars, who again severely destroyed the city.
Seven years after that, the Polish troops under the command of
Prozorovsky and Baryatinsky were defeated near Mglin. In the autumn
of 1708 there was a stubborn struggle against the Swedish
conquerors. Fulfilling the royal decree, the townspeople heroically
repelled the onslaught of the enemy.
Being on the border with
Poland, the city had the significance of a fortress and was ruled by
commandants. On April 19, 1764, the commandant's office was
abolished, and the mayor took the place of the steward.
Chronicle information about Mglin itself dates back to the 14th
century. Lithuanian metrics for 1387 mark the capture of Mglin by
Prince Olgerd, who gave the city to his son Simeon. After Simeon,
Mglin was owned by his son Yuri and grandson Ivan. In 1472, the city
was added to the Smolensk province, and after the defeat of the
Lithuanian troops near Dorogobuzh in 1500, it was ceded to Russia.
For over 100 years, Mglin was a border town of the Moscow state.
During this period, earthen fortifications were renewed.
During the Time of Troubles, Mglin was captured by Polish troops
and, under the Deulino Agreement of 1618, passed to Poland. During
this period, among other cities, Mglin received privileges under the
Magdeburg Law. In 1652, Mglin was occupied by supporters of Bohdan
Khmelnitsky and it became the centenary city of the Starodub
regiment, and in 1654, by decision of the Pereyaslav Rada, it was
returned to Russia. The inventory of this year recorded in the town
of Mglin "two wooden churches - in the name of the Resurrection of
Christ and the All-Merciful Savior ... In the same town there is an
old earthen settlement above the Sudimka River, on a mountain; there
is no prison on that earthen settlement."
In 1661 the city
was destroyed by the Crimean Tatars, but quickly restored. In 1666,
among other cities, Mglin received from Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich a
letter to renew the privileges given under the Magdeburg Law, while
also retaining the importance of a centenary city. According to
information from the beginning of the 18th century, there are 187
courtyards and 44 homeless huts. The occupations of the inhabitants
are trade and crafts. According to the revision of 1723, there were
130 Cossack households, 91 petty-bourgeois and 105 homeless huts in
Mglin. In 1747, Tsarina Elizaveta Petrovna confirmed with a letter
of liberties granted to the inhabitants of the city. Nevertheless,
in 1760 he was granted to Field Marshal Count K.G. Razumovsky.
With the formation in 1781 of the Novgorod-Seversky
governorship, Mglin became a county town. In 1787 there were 609
houses, 14 shops, 5 churches in the city. Mglin becomes a district
town of the newly formed Little Russian province, and since 1802 -
Chernigov province.
The development of industry (in 1842 -
one candle factory, in 1859 - lard, leather, 3 brick and 6 pottery
factories), population growth (respectively from 3500 to 8078
people), the accumulation of commercial capital in the city
intensified construction, the number which during this period
increases from 489 to 627. Since 1884, the number of fair trades has
increased to 4 per year. According to the data of 1887, there were
already 825 households and 11,426 inhabitants in Mglin. With the
construction of the Bryansk-Gomel railway, which did not pass
through Mglin, the economic decline of the city begins.
With
the construction of the Bryansk-Gomel railway received the best
conditions for development. Only local crafts flourished in Mglin. A
noticeable outflow of the population began.
It was during
this period of decline that A. K. Tolstoy, a resident of the
Mglinsky district, to the poem by A. S. Pushkin:
There is a city
of Luga in Russia
Petersburg district.
It wouldn't be worse
Towns in mind
If it weren't for the world
Novorzhev my.
added the following lines:
There is another city
It's
called Mglin
Dear Jews and cows,
Luga is standing with
Novorzhev.
County town of the Gomel province (1919–1922).
Then he was part of the Klintsovsky district of the Gomel province.
(1922–26), Bryansk province (1926–29). The regional center of the
Western (1929–37), Oryol (1937–1944) and Bryansk (1944–63, since
1966) regions. During the Great Patriotic War 16/8/1941 German was
occupied. troops. Released by Soviet troops on September 22, 1943
during the Bryansk offensive operation.
In the first years of
Soviet power, several enterprises for processing agricultural
products and a sawmill were built in the city. After the Great
Patriotic War, a starch-treacle plant, butter-making, brick, garment
factory, industrial complex were re-created. The population again
reached 8 thousand people.
The modern city has its own coat
of arms, known since the 18th century: “In a green field, three
golden towers are connected, the middle one with a gate.” In the
buildings of the historical city (the city of Mglin is one of the
115 ancient Russian cities in Russia), architectural monuments have
been preserved.
The climate is temperate continental. Winter is characterized by unstable weather: from severe frosts to prolonged thaws, summers are humid and warm, but extreme heat is rare. The average temperature of the coldest month of the year (January) is about -7 °С, the warmest (July) - about +19 °С. The average annual rainfall is 620-630 mm.
The economy of Mglin is not very developed. Of the existing enterprises, there were butter and cheese, starch factories, a bakery, and a forestry enterprise. There are many individual entrepreneurs in Mglin and the region who own sawmills and shops.
Educational institutions are represented by two general education
schools: Mglinskaya Secondary School No. 1 and Mglinskaya Secondary
School No. 2, the Mglinskaya Boarding School, the Mglinsky College of
Agricultural Technologies (former vocational school-37) and a branch of
the Bryansk Institute of Management and Business, formed on the basis of
the Mglinskaya Secondary School No. 2.
The Mglinsky Museum of
Local Lore operates in the city, located in the central park of culture
and recreation.
The local football club "Zarty" plays in the
second division of the championship of the Bryansk region.
The
volleyball team of the city of Mglin is the champion of the Bryansk
region.
There is a Youth Sports School in the city, as well as
art and music schools.
In 2013, a new sports and recreation
complex "Mechta" was opened with a swimming pool and gyms.
The city has a huge stone Cathedral of the Assumption of Our Lady (1815-1830) in the style of late classicism, built in honor of the victory over Napoleon. Also in the city there are ancient churches of St. Barbara and St. Nicholas the Wonderworker. In the vicinity of the city there are rural churches in Novaya Romanovka and Vysokoe.
The feature film “State Border. Peaceful summer of the 21st year.
Kosach, Pyotr Antonovich (Ukrainian Petro Antonovich Kosach; January 1, 1842, Mglin, Chernihiv province - April 15, 1909, Kiev) - Ukrainian public figure, father of Lesya Ukrainka.