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Onega is a city (since 1780) in the Arkhangelsk
region of Russia. It is the administrative center of the Onega
district. Onega is located in the north-west of the European part of
Russia in the Arkhangelsk region at the mouth of the Onega river, 7
km from the Onega Bay of the White Sea, opposite the mouth of the
Pongi river.
Most of the city is located on the right bank of
the Onega River (which has a width of 800–1100 m here), the smaller
part is on the left bank (the villages of Ponga and Legashevskaya
Zapan). The city stretches for 7 km along the river, except for the
left settlements, it icludes the villages Lesozavod (OLDK),
Shalga, Gornyi, Dalniy. The part of the city with predominantly
private buildings to the east (upstream) of the modern center is
called the Verchovie (Upper River); it has a rectangular layout preserved from
pre-revolutionary times, consisting mainly of three avenues parallel
to the river and streets crossing them. It is the upper reaches of
the historical Onega (together with the present central part, as
well as the now inactive left-bank timber mill in the mouth of the
Pongi) that most other parts of the city arose or became part of it
after 1917.
Kiy Island, located in the White Sea opposite the
mouth of the Onega River, is also included in the city.
Trinity Cathedral, ave. Kirov, 110a.
Lazarevskaya
Church, st. Volodarsky, 25 (at the cemetery).
Administrative building
of the Rusnorvegoles company, emb. Komarova, 2. Wooden building of the
early 1920s.
Obelisk to the ship "Perseus", emb. Komarova, opposite
d. 4.
Historical and Memorial Museum , ave. Kirova, 67. Tue–Sat
9:00–17:00, lunch: 13:00–14:00.
House-Museum of A.S. Kuchina, ave.
Kirova, 110. Wed–Sun 10:00–18:00, lunch: 13:00–14:00.
Some historians identify with Onega the churchyard "on the sea",
mentioned as one of the many points for collecting a lesson in the
charter of the Novgorod prince Svyatoslav Olgovich, issued in 1137
to the St. Sophia Cathedral on changing fees in favor of the
Novgorod diocese. However, other authors identify this graveyard
either with Nyonoksa or with Una.
Under the year 1556, “To
the mouth of the Onega at the Prechistenka volost Ust-Onega” and
“The same land village beyond the Onega to the mouth of the Ponga
River” are mentioned. Until the 17th century, Ust-Onega was part of
the Turchasovsky camp of the Kargopol district. The status of the
city (at first under the name Onega) was given to the settlement in
1780 by the decree of Catherine II, when Onega became the county
town of the Onega district.
On July 31, 1918, a detachment of
interventionists under the command of Colonel Cudbert John Macy
Thornhill captured Onega.
According to the law of the
Arkhangelsk region of 2004, the city of regional subordination of
Onega was included in the Onega district as a municipal formation
(urban settlement) "Onega".
The Belomorsk-Obozerskaya railway passes in the Onega
region, but the city itself stands aside from it on a dead end line with
a commuter train running from Obozerskaya not every day. This train has
an extremely inconvenient schedule and an hour stands at the siding,
which is why it spends as much as 4 hours on the road. It is more
convenient to go to the Vonguda station on the main line, where there
are more options: the long-distance Murmansk-Vologda train running every
other day (there are seated cars) or suburban flights twice a day, to
the east to Obozerskaya (2 hours) and to the west to Maloshuyka (1.5
hours).
Since September 2020, an electric train (rail bus) has
been running from Arkhangelsk, running back and forth six times a week.
Departure from the railway station of Arkhangelsk at 19:10 (you can also
land at the stations of Smolny Buyan and Isakogorka), from Onega - at
night at 02:03. The fare is 676 rubles, a ticket can be bought directly
in the car. Travel time: 5 hours.
From Karelia, a long-distance
train from Belomorsk takes 6 hours. Suburban trains do not run every day
and are not connected.
Station Onega, at the end of Zagorodny
Prospekt (3 km from the center). ☎ +7 (81839) 7-15-14. Ticket office:
12:00–14:00, 18:00–19:20. Small train station in the northern part of
the city. There is a long-distance ticket office with not the most
convenient working hours, and suburban tickets are sold before departure
or directly on the train.
Wonguda station (30 km from the city).
Bus service is reduced to minibuses to Arkhangelsk and a
rare suburb. Minibuses operate on pre-order, collecting passengers at
addresses; run every half an hour from morning to evening, in
Arkhangelsk depart from the hospital or railway station. A relatively
up-to-date list of drivers' phone numbers is available here.
Suburban communication is practically non-existent. There is a daily
minibus along the Onega tract to the village of Gorodok, the rest of the
flights are operated no more than 1-2 times a week.
Bus station,
st. Rasskazova, 20. ☎ +7 (81839) 7-14-60.
From
Arkhangelsk via Severodvinsk, 210 km. As far as Severodvinsk, asphalt,
then a grader, laid through the dense taiga without a single settlement;
we pass more or less in any weather, although the quality of the
"coverage" can vary greatly depending on the season and the activity of
the road services. To the south along the Onega is the same hopeless
(but more interesting in terms of sights) grader to Plesetsk (250 km) -
the Onega tract.
An irregular car ferry runs through Onega, the
departure time of which is determined by the tide schedule and the mood
of the ferryman. However, there are still no roads to the west of Onega,
so even the most desperate jeepers do not risk driving from here towards
Karelia.
You are unlikely to be able to arrive in
Onega by water, but you can, in principle, sail away from here - motor
ships go to the left bank and to Kiy-island, for more details see
Surroundings.
Pier, at the end of Oktyabrsky Prospekt.
Four city bus routes, of which quite often (every 10-15 minutes during the day) only bus number 1 runs from the bus station on the southern edge of the city to LDK (sawmill and woodworking plant) on the north.
The city got its name from the Onega River, at the mouth of which it is located. According to the most common opinion, the name of the river goes back to Fin. eno-joki "big river": Prasaam. *εno, kild. jäänn, jān- "big river", Fin. eno "big river, stream, fairway", Karelian. eno "deep place, fairway (in a river)".
Onega is located in the north-west of the European part of Russia in
the Arkhangelsk region at the mouth of the Onega River, 7 km from the
Onega Bay of the White Sea, opposite the mouth of the Ponga River.
Most of the city is located on the right bank of the Onega River
(which here has a width of 800-1100 m), the smaller part is on the left
(the villages of Ponga and Legashevskaya Zapan). The city is stretched
for 7 km along the river, in addition to the noted left-bank
settlements, the settlements Lesozavod (OLDK), Shalga, Gorny, Dalniy
stand out in it. The part of the city with predominantly private
buildings to the east (up the river) from the modern center is called
Verkhovye; it has a rectangular layout that has been preserved since
pre-revolutionary times, consisting mainly of three avenues parallel to
the river and streets crossing them; It is the Verkhovye that is the
historical Onega (together with the current central part, as well as the
now inactive left-bank sawmill at the mouth of the Ponga), most of the
other parts of the city arose or became part of it after 1917.
Kiy-island, located in the White Sea opposite the mouth of the Onega
River, is also included in the city.
The climate is temperate continental with frequent cyclone intrusions
and high rainfall; It is characterized by moderately warm summers (from
June to August) and moderately mild (for northern latitudes) winters.
This is due to the coastal position and the influence of the Atlantic. A
stable snow cover forms in mid-November and persists until the third
decade of April. The duration of its occurrence in Onega is 150-170
days. The average snow depth is from 20 cm in December to 40–45 cm in
the middle of winter, reaching a maximum of 50–60 cm in March.
Average annual air temperature: +2.7 °C
Relative humidity: 79%
Average wind speed: 2.4 m/s
Onega, together with the Onega region, is equated with the regions of
the Far North, and is also part of the Arctic zone of the Russian
Federation.
By Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation
of July 29, 2014 No. 1398-r “On approval of the list of single-industry
towns”, the municipality is included in the category “Single-profile
municipalities of the Russian Federation (single-industry towns) with
the most difficult socio-economic situation”.
The
basis of the city's economy is the timber industry complex. The
city-forming enterprise is a sawmill and woodworking plant (OJSC
Onezhsky LDK), the city also has a production and logging association
Onegales, which carries out logging in several districts of the
Arkhangelsk region.
Previously, a hydrolysis plant operated in
the city, producing ethyl alcohol, fodder yeast, and furfural from
sawmill waste. In 2016, on the basis of the former hydrolysis plant, a
plant for the production of biofuel (pellets) from timber processing
waste was launched.
Sea port, railway station, Onega airport.
Onega Seaport was
opened in 1781. Navigation from May to early November, attempts were
made to navigate year-round using icebreakers. The port is located at
the mouth of the Onega and can accommodate ships up to 115 meters long
and with a draft of up to 4.5 meters. Due to the shallowness of the
Onega Bay, approach channels and fairways 12 miles long are used. The
main transported cargo is timber (lumber, round timber, wood chips).
The city is connected by a road built in the 2000s with
Severodvinsk, which operates a bus service to Severodvinsk and
Arkhangelsk. Bus routes also connect Onega with a number of settlements
in the district. There are 4 intercity bus routes. A ferry runs between
the main and left-bank parts of the city during navigation, and in
winter a road is created on ice.
The abandoned military airfield
Vatega is located 13 km east of the city of Onega (the length of the
runway is about 3 km).